Bio Beyond 101 Final

Fermentation occurs if

oxygen is not present

The final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain is ________, resulting in formation of ________

oxygen; water

Plants store their sugar in the form of

Starch

When during the cell cycle are chromosomes visible?

during mitosis

The structure of bone tissue suits the function. Which of the following bone tissues is adapted to support weight and withstand torsion stresses?

compact bone

Chromosomes are made from

condensed chromatin

Plant cells have plasmodesmata that

connect the cytoplasm of one cell with that of another.

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are similar in that they both

contain DNA

Which of the following methods may help conserve water by reducing the amount used for agriculture?

contour with no-till farming

Plant cells can communicate with each other via ________, as indicated by the arrow in the figure.

plasmodesmate

Hydropower and wind power are similar in that both are

renewable energy sources.

Mitochondria are found in

both plant cells and animal cells

Deoxyribose is a sugar found in

DNA

Which of the following is not a renewable resource?

Fossil Fuels

Most skeletal muscles contain ________.

a mixture of fiber types

Compared with a eukaryotic cell, a prokaryotic cell

lacks organelles beyond ribosomes.

Cell size is limited because ________ is critical to a cell's function.

surface-area-to-volume ratio

Nutrients that are deemed to be "essential" are those which

the body is not able to produce

Chemical bonds involve

the giving, taking or sharing of electrons.

DNA replication is called semiconservative because

the two resulting DNA molecules each have one new DNA strand and one old strand from the original DNA molecule.

Which b one would likely take the longest to heal.

thigh bone of an elderly individual

Which nitrogen-containing base is found in DNA but not in RNA?

thymine

Which of the following terrestrial ecosystems has the highest rate of primary productivity?

tropical rainforest

Wood and cotton cloth are composed of

cellulose

Water is a major limiting factor in which of the following biomes?

tropical rainforest temperate grasslands coral reef tundra

Most metabolic wastes leave the body through the production of ________ by the ________.

urine; urinary system

Which of the following creates the least amount of soil erosion?

use of drip irrigation systems

Micro nutrients are.

vitamins and minerals

Armadillos have a diploid chromosome number of 64. At prophase I, an armadillo's cell would have ________ tetrads present.

32

List the levels of organization of the body from simple to complex. 1. organ system 2. organism 3. tissue 4. organ 5. cell

5, 3, 4, 1, 2

According to Chargaff's rules, ________ always pairs with ________, and ________ always pairs with ________.

A,T; G,C

Which one of the following is the smallest unit of matter that has all the properties of an element?

Atom

Which organisms have been modified to produce insulin, blood clotting factor VIII, and human growth hormone?

Bacteria

Where do the vesicles that are being made for secretion from the cell become modified and packaged?

Golgi apparatus

In which way does over fishing lead to decreased in biodiversity?

It depletes fish that feed on some species and serve as food sources for other species, leading to the eradication of some species and the overpopulation of others.

As humans continue to use fossil fuels as a primary source of energy, the amount of carbon entering the atmosphere from fossil fuel combustion will continue to increase dramatically. What is the effect of large-scale deforestation on the carbon in the atmosphere?

Because trees are a major sink for atmospheric carbon, fewer trees will result in less carbon being removed from the atmosphere for photosynthesis. The large-scale removal of forests does not have any real effect on atmospheric carbon, because carbon dioxide is not stored in trees. Because trees produce carbon dioxide, the amount of carbon in the atmosphere will decrease with their wide-scale removal.

How does DNA differ from RNA?

DNA is comprised of a double strand, RNA is a single strand.

The central dogma of molecular biology states that the information contained within genes flows in which direction?

DNA to mRNA to protein

Which two terrestrial biomes are the most similar with regards to rainfall

Desert; taiga temperate grasslands; desert

Which of the following organelles would form a membrane-bound package, also known as a vesicle?

Golgi Apparatus

Muscular dystrophy affects the functioning of skeletal muscle. As this disease advances, it can impair the contraction of the diaphragm and the muscles of the rib cage. What effect will this have on the ability of people with this disease to carry out gas exchange

It will decrease their ability to exchange air into and out of the lungs, decreasing gas exchange.

Refer to the figure. Which of the following is true regarding the labeled plasma membrane?

Parts W and Z are hydrophilic

________ is the study of the structure and function of cellular proteins and their interactions; ________ may be employed to use computer algorithms to aid this process.

Proteomics; bioinformatics

The Best definition of a nutrient is

a food component which performs a physiological function in the body.

If your body is dehydrated, the control center in the brain will stimulate the release of a hormone which causes the reabsorption of water into the blood during urine formation. When the control center senses that enough water is reabsorbed, it will stop the release of the hormone. This is an example of

a negative feedback mechanism.

muscle tone is

a state of sustained partial contraction

Forests help to regulate the global climate by

absorbing carbon dioxide.

Which of the following organisms can perform photosynthesis?

algae

Conservation biology supports all of the following ethical principles except

all animals have the same rights or legal status as humans.

Pollution is defined as

an undesirable alteration to the environment.

The figure below shows a cell in the mitotic stage of Chromosomes spiting

anaphase

A cell being observed under a microscope has a cell wall, plasma membrane, ribosomes, and chromosomal material that is not found in a nucleus. Based on this information, the cell could be a

bacterial cell.

Without receptor proteins, a cell would not be able to

bind to signal proteins from other parts of the body.

Mercury can enter an aquatic food chain and collect in fish as well as people who eat fish. This is an example of which of the following processes?

biological magnification

Which of the following is not a benefit of biodiversity

biological magnification

Which of the following lists the levels of biological organization in order from simplest to most complex?

cell, cardiac muscle, heart, cardiovascular system, human

An atom with a neutral charge has

equal numbers of protons and electrons

Proteins must be ingested in order to obtain

essential amino acids

Homeostasis maintains various levels within a narrow range only if environmental conditions do not fluctuate much.

false

Yellow Bone marrow contain a large percentage of.

fat

Without tight junctions in certain tissues,

fluids may leak out past the barrier the junction would create.

Which of the following is an incorrect match of molecule to the location where it is principally used?

glucose - lysosome

Carbohydrates are typically broken down to

glucose, the molecule used as the energy source in cells.

Some insects can stride on the surface of water because water

has surface tension

human society in its current from is unsustainable becuase

important natural resources are being consumed more quickly than they can be replenished.

While Jeff was looking under the microscope at cells in different stages of mitosis, he commented on the fact that many cells were in the same stage. If you were looking under the compound light microscope at an onion root tip, in what stage of the cell cycle would the majority of the cells be?

interphase

Which of the following represents the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence?

interphase, prophase, metaphase, telophase

Digestion in humans and earthworms

is similar in that both organisms, digestion is an extracellular process, occurring in a complete digestive tract.

Carrie would like to observe the cilia on the surface of a live paramecium—a single-celled organism. The best device to do this would be a

light microscope.

The increased efficiency of fishing has led to

loss of biodiversity in fish and other species.

Desertification and deforestation are similar in that both involve

loss of plant and animal life in an area.

Which of the following are greenhouse gases?

methane and carbon dioxide

Which organelle is required for producing ATP for cellular work?

mitochondria

Biodiversity increases the consumptive value of land, meaning that

more value can be derived from the more diverse products produced by ecosystems with high biodiversity relative to land that has been cleared for agriculture.

Movement of body parts directly requires the

muscular system and skeletal system

Isotopes of an element differ in their

neutron number

Below is a diagram of a bacterium. What structure does Y represent?

nucleoid

The single most important risk for skin cancer is ________

overexpose to UV radiation

What must materials pass through to enter or leave a cell?

plasma mambrane

Which feature is found in all cells?

plasma membrane composed of phospholipids

Amino acids are needed to build ________, just as ________ are needed to create DNA.

protein; nucleotides

Multipurpose trees are useful for what purpose?

providing additional products, as well as serving as a windbreak

Which of the following organelles is not surrounded by a membrane?

ribosomes

Which of the following is the correct sequence for an altered protein that is secreted from the cell?

rough endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus - plasma membrane

Which of the following mineral is typically over consumed by american?

sodium