BIO: Ch 1
A current trend among professional baseball players is wearing braided titanium necklaces. The titanium reportedly regulates the flow of energy through the body. The player wearing the necklace then improves strength, tires less, and recovers more quickly. Which of the following would be the strongest evidence for or against the necklace's effectiveness?
A bar graph comparing batting averages of the players who wear the official titanium necklace and those who were unknowingly wearing a fake titanium necklace
What is deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)?
A molecule that encodes genetic instructions
What is the basic unit of life and consists of a membrane enclosing water, DNA, and other chemicals?
Cell
Homo sapiens is in which domain?
Eukarya
T/F: Any structure that contains DNA and proteins is alive.
False
____ is characterized by cellular organization, energy requirements, homeostasis, reproduction, growth, development, and evolution.
Life
What are membrane-bounded compartments within eukaryotic cells that carry out specialized functions?
Organelles
A(n) ____ is a living individual that consists of one or more cells.
Organism
Evolution is
a change in the genetic makeup of a population over time
theory
a comprehensive, well-accepted explanation of a natural phenomenon
hypothesis
a tentative, narrow-in-scope explanation of a natural phenomenon
Organisms seem so well-suited to their environments because they have inherited characteristics or behaviors, called ____, that enable them to successfully survive and reproduce.
adaptations
What describes a placebo?
an inert substance given to the control group in an experiment
If you wanted to demonstrate homeostasis to a friend, you could use as an example
an organism maintaining nearly constant internal conditions.
In ____ reproduction, the offspring are most likely genetically identical (except for some mutations); in ____ reproduction, most of the offspring are genetically different (except for twins).
asexual; sexual
Rank the following levels of biological organization from smallest at the top to largest at the bottom. atom tissue cell organ organelle molecule
atom molecule organelle cell tissue organ
Particles that make up molecules are called
atoms
Primary producer
autotroph that obtains energy and nutrients from nonliving sources
What term refers to all parts of the planet that can support life?
biosphere
What can interfere with the scientific method or the conclusions of a study
closed mind about observations biases of scientists misinterpretations of observations or results
What is the term for all the populations of different species that occupy the same location at the same time?
community
The group in an experiment that is untreated and provides a basis for comparison is called the
control
What stage would come the earliest in the life of an organism following fertilization and formation of an embryo?
development
Organs are made up of a collection of ________.
different types of tissues
Ways to collect data in a scientific inquiry
discovery and observation experimentation
A major difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that prokaryotes
do not have a nucleus in their cells and other organisms do
An area of forest, including the organisms that occupy it and the nonliving components of its area, is an example of a(n)
ecosystem
New complex functions and characteristics that arise when the lower level components of an organism interact are called ____ properties
emergent
consumer
heterotroph that obtains energy and nutrients by eating other organisms
What describes the state of internal constancy maintained by an organisms?
homeostasis
What is a group of joined atoms, such as deoxyribonucleic acid? (DNA)?
molecule
What is a mechanism of evolution in which certain individuals from a population exhibit enhanced reproductive success based on inherited characteristics
natural selection
A leaf is composed of several tissues organized to work together and is a(n) ____ of a plant
organ
A structure consisting of tissues organized to carry out a specific function defines a(n)
organ
Multiple organs are linked together into
organ systems
In a process called ____, scientists evaluate the validity of the research in a scientific paper that has been submitted for publication
peer review
What term refers to members of the same species living in the same place at the same time?
population
What component of the scientific method is often written as an if-then statement?
prediction
The number of individuals examined in an experiment is called the
sample size
Natural ____ is a mechanism of evolution in which certain individuals from a population exhibit enhanced reproductive success based on inherited characteristics
selection
Because it generates new combinations of traits, what type of reproduction can be a very successful strategy in environments where conditions change frequently?
sexual reproduction
In a study, all of the individuals were infants, meaning that age of the vaccinated individuals is a
standardized variable
If researchers use statistical tests and determine that there is a low probability that their experimental results occurred purely by chance, then their results are
statistically significant
What is the definition of metabolism?
the chemical reactions within a cell
____ are groups of specialized cells that function together
tissues
In an experiment, the response that an investigator measures and the treatment than investigator manipulates are examples of
variables
T/F: The ultimate energy source in most ecosystems is the sun
True
The scientific method cannot be used to answer questions about immaterial and philosophical issues.
True
The bacterium Staphylococcus aureus has which of the following?
cell wall and cell membrane
characteristics of a scientific theory
encompass multiple hypotheses widely accepted and supported falsifiable can be used to make predictions
All organisms use ____ to fuel growth and to sustain homeostasis, which is a process that maintains internal constancy
energy
Hypotheses are often tested with an investigation called a(n)
experiment
decomposer
heterotroph that obtains energy and nutrients from wastes and dead organisms
Maintaining a steady state internal environment, despite a changing external environment, is called ____.
homeostasis
The human body maintaining its temperature with narrow limits around 37 C is an example of
homeostasis
An experiment collects data to support or reject a(n) ____, which is a tentative explanation of observations.
hypothesis
Counting the number of turtle nests along a beach to determine if a recent oil spill had affected the local population is an example of ________ science.
hypothesis-driven
The low, medium, and high concentrations of vaccine in the experiment shown comprise the ____ variable
independent
Science helps us answer questions about the ____ world
natural
A(n) ____ is an explanation for a natural phenomenon that has been well tested and ties together many hyptheses
theory
What term would a biologist use to describe evolution
theory
Organs are made up of
tissues