BIO: Ch 1

A current trend among professional baseball players is wearing braided titanium necklaces. The titanium reportedly regulates the flow of energy through the body. The player wearing the necklace then improves strength, tires less, and recovers more quickly. Which of the following would be the strongest evidence for or against the necklace's effectiveness?

A bar graph comparing batting averages of the players who wear the official titanium necklace and those who were unknowingly wearing a fake titanium necklace

What is deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)?

A molecule that encodes genetic instructions

What is the basic unit of life and consists of a membrane enclosing water, DNA, and other chemicals?

Cell

Homo sapiens is in which domain?

Eukarya

T/F: Any structure that contains DNA and proteins is alive.

False

____ is characterized by cellular organization, energy requirements, homeostasis, reproduction, growth, development, and evolution.

Life

What are membrane-bounded compartments within eukaryotic cells that carry out specialized functions?

Organelles

A(n) ____ is a living individual that consists of one or more cells.

Organism

Evolution is

a change in the genetic makeup of a population over time

theory

a comprehensive, well-accepted explanation of a natural phenomenon

hypothesis

a tentative, narrow-in-scope explanation of a natural phenomenon

Organisms seem so well-suited to their environments because they have inherited characteristics or behaviors, called ____, that enable them to successfully survive and reproduce.

adaptations

What describes a placebo?

an inert substance given to the control group in an experiment

If you wanted to demonstrate homeostasis to a friend, you could use as an example

an organism maintaining nearly constant internal conditions.

In ____ reproduction, the offspring are most likely genetically identical (except for some mutations); in ____ reproduction, most of the offspring are genetically different (except for twins).

asexual; sexual

Rank the following levels of biological organization from smallest at the top to largest at the bottom. atom tissue cell organ organelle molecule

atom molecule organelle cell tissue organ

Particles that make up molecules are called

atoms

Primary producer

autotroph that obtains energy and nutrients from nonliving sources

What term refers to all parts of the planet that can support life?

biosphere

What can interfere with the scientific method or the conclusions of a study

closed mind about observations biases of scientists misinterpretations of observations or results

What is the term for all the populations of different species that occupy the same location at the same time?

community

The group in an experiment that is untreated and provides a basis for comparison is called the

control

What stage would come the earliest in the life of an organism following fertilization and formation of an embryo?

development

Organs are made up of a collection of ________.

different types of tissues

Ways to collect data in a scientific inquiry

discovery and observation experimentation

A major difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that prokaryotes

do not have a nucleus in their cells and other organisms do

An area of forest, including the organisms that occupy it and the nonliving components of its area, is an example of a(n)

ecosystem

New complex functions and characteristics that arise when the lower level components of an organism interact are called ____ properties

emergent

consumer

heterotroph that obtains energy and nutrients by eating other organisms

What describes the state of internal constancy maintained by an organisms?

homeostasis

What is a group of joined atoms, such as deoxyribonucleic acid? (DNA)?

molecule

What is a mechanism of evolution in which certain individuals from a population exhibit enhanced reproductive success based on inherited characteristics

natural selection

A leaf is composed of several tissues organized to work together and is a(n) ____ of a plant

organ

A structure consisting of tissues organized to carry out a specific function defines a(n)

organ

Multiple organs are linked together into

organ systems

In a process called ____, scientists evaluate the validity of the research in a scientific paper that has been submitted for publication

peer review

What term refers to members of the same species living in the same place at the same time?

population

What component of the scientific method is often written as an if-then statement?

prediction

The number of individuals examined in an experiment is called the

sample size

Natural ____ is a mechanism of evolution in which certain individuals from a population exhibit enhanced reproductive success based on inherited characteristics

selection

Because it generates new combinations of traits, what type of reproduction can be a very successful strategy in environments where conditions change frequently?

sexual reproduction

In a study, all of the individuals were infants, meaning that age of the vaccinated individuals is a

standardized variable

If researchers use statistical tests and determine that there is a low probability that their experimental results occurred purely by chance, then their results are

statistically significant

What is the definition of metabolism?

the chemical reactions within a cell

____ are groups of specialized cells that function together

tissues

In an experiment, the response that an investigator measures and the treatment than investigator manipulates are examples of

variables

T/F: The ultimate energy source in most ecosystems is the sun

True

The scientific method cannot be used to answer questions about immaterial and philosophical issues.

True

The bacterium Staphylococcus aureus has which of the following?

cell wall and cell membrane

characteristics of a scientific theory

encompass multiple hypotheses widely accepted and supported falsifiable can be used to make predictions

All organisms use ____ to fuel growth and to sustain homeostasis, which is a process that maintains internal constancy

energy

Hypotheses are often tested with an investigation called a(n)

experiment

decomposer

heterotroph that obtains energy and nutrients from wastes and dead organisms

Maintaining a steady state internal environment, despite a changing external environment, is called ____.

homeostasis

The human body maintaining its temperature with narrow limits around 37 C is an example of

homeostasis

An experiment collects data to support or reject a(n) ____, which is a tentative explanation of observations.

hypothesis

Counting the number of turtle nests along a beach to determine if a recent oil spill had affected the local population is an example of ________ science.

hypothesis-driven

The low, medium, and high concentrations of vaccine in the experiment shown comprise the ____ variable

independent

Science helps us answer questions about the ____ world

natural

A(n) ____ is an explanation for a natural phenomenon that has been well tested and ties together many hyptheses

theory

What term would a biologist use to describe evolution

theory

Organs are made up of

tissues