Bio Chapter 31 (Test Bank)

A closed circulatory system is found in A) insects. B) snails. C) clams. D) earthworms. E) scorpions.

D

A cnidarian moves via A) nematocysts. B) secreting a slime layer. C) pseudopods. D) muscle and nerve fibers. E) contractile vacuoles.

D

Although the many organisms classified as molluscs vary tremendously in appearance, they are all classified in the same phylum because they A) are segmented. B) are predators. C) have an external skeleton. D) have a mantle, visceral mass, and a foot. E) have shells.

D

If you live on a river delta or coastline, you may not be able to eat the local clams because of high levels of toxins present in the water. Why? A) Clams seasonally produce toxic substances. B) Clams regularly consume poisonous red tide organisms. C) Most native clams have been replaced by harmful exotic species. D) Clams are filter-feeders and pollutants in the water become concentrated in their tissues. E) The toxins contained in clams cannot be detoxified in the human digestive tract.

D

Larval Trichinella worms live in the A) liver. B) lungs. C) lymph glands. D) skeletal muscle of pork. E) water.

D

Sponges are generally protected from predators by the presence of calcium and silica crystals. These crystalline structures are called A) amoebocytes. B) osculum. C) choanocytes. D) spicules. E) spongin.

D

The following statements refer specifically to sponges, specifically to cnidarians, or to both sponges and cnidarians. Which statement applies specifically to cnidarians? A) The larval form is flagellated and able to swim to a suitable location. B) Classification is based on the type of skeletal material. C) They resemble a colony of flagellated cells more than a multicellular animal. D) Specialized stinging cells are used to help capture prey. E) Reproduction can be sexual or asexual.

D

The head region of a tapeworm is called the A) proglottid. B) cercaria. C) sporocyst. D) scolex. E) glycocalyx.

D

The madreporite helps the sea star A) reproduce. B) locate food. C) digest food and distribute it to the arms. D) regulate its vascular system. E) keep its surface clean of algae and barnacles and debris.

D

The nervous system of a sea star includes A) no actual nerve cells. B) a complex of nerve ganglia in each ray. C) a central nervous system, including a brain. D) a central nerve ring that gives off radial nerves in each arm. E) a dorsal hollow nerve cord.

D

The term deuterostome refers to A) having a spiny skin. B) having three germ layers. C) possessing a notochord. D) the second embryonic opening becoming the mouth. E) the coelom forming by outpocketing of the primitive gut

D

Which group of animals have three pairs of legs, a tympanum for reception of sound waves, and Malpighian tubules for excretion? A) starfish B) lancelets C) crayfish D) grasshoppers E) earthworms

D

Which of the following infections is associated with a flatworm? A) hookworm B) trichinosis C) elephantiasis D) tapeworm E) pinworm

D

Which of the following is a way that crayfish and grasshoppers are different? A) Crayfish have an exoskeleton, while grasshoppers do not. B) Grasshoppers have compound eyes, while crayfish have a simple eye. C) Grasshoppers have well-developed nervous systems, while crayfish have a ladder network of nerves. D) Grasshoppers have spicules and tracheal tubes that serve as the means of gas exchange, while crayfish have gills. E) Crayfish have an open circulatory system, while grasshoppers have a closed circulatory system.

D

Which of the following organisms exhibit complete metamorphosis? A) crayfish B) starfish C) grasshoppers D) butterfly E) lobsters

D

Which of the following statements about hydra morphology is correct? A) The hydra has a long single tentacle containing numerous nematocysts. B) The hydra has a single polyp that is filled with gas and keeps the organism afloat. C) The hydra is bell shaped and has multiple tentacles. D) The hydra is a tube-shaped polyp that has two layers of tissue. E) The hydra is bilaterally symmetrical

D

Why are real bath sponges so soft? A) The silica is dissolved away and only the calcium carbonate remains. B) The calcium carbonate is dissolved away and only the silica remains. C) The choanocytes are dissolved away and only the amoebocytes remain. D) Silica or calcium spicules are removed, leaving only the spongin fibers. E) The spongin is removed, leaving only the spicules.

D

A floating Portuguese man-of-war is A) a cubozoan. B) merely an inflated, noncircular jellyfish. C) a free-swimming polyp in the hydra group. D) the first animal with all major organ systems. E) a colony of polyps.

E

A major characteristic of the arthropods is the presence of A) flame cells. B) radial symmetry. C) a soft exoskeleton. D) a closed circulatory system. E) jointed appendages.

E

An adaptation exhibited by the tapeworm for survival in a host's intestine is A) proglottids coated with calcium carbonate. B) alkaline secretions from the scolex. C) a protective lining of chitin. D) releasing eggs before the proglottids reach the intestinal tract. E) a tough integument resistant to the digestive fluids of the host.

E

An arachnid differs from a crustacean because A) arachnids have book gills. B) arachnids are mostly aquatic and crustaceans are mostly terrestrial. C) only arachnids shed their exoskeletons. D) arachnids have two major body segments, the cephalothorax and abdomen, while crustaceans have three body segments. E) arachnids have four pairs of walking legs.

E

If the cells of a sponge are separated, the cells will A) reproduce sexually. B) die. C) form spicules for protection. D) grow flagella and swim away. E) reassemble into a new organized sponge.

E

In which way are crayfish and grasshoppers similar? A) Both have tympanum for use in mating rituals. B) Both have Malpighian tubules that function in the extraction of nitrogenous waste. C) Both have spicules and a tracheal system for respiration. D) Both have bodies that are composed of a cephalothorax and abdomen. E) Both have antennae that have a sensory function.

E

One of the many interesting features of flatworms are flame cells. What are flame cells used for? A) light detection B) storing sperm C) digestion of food D) generating body heat E) excretion of excess water

E

Sea stars reproduce A) by budding. B) by binary fission. C) asexually by fragmentation. D) by sexual processes only. E) by sexual means and also by asexual fragmentation.

E

The cephalopods resemble other molluscs because they have A) complex eyes. B) a siphon for jet propulsion. C) a parrot-like beak for tearing prey. D) well-developed brains with high learning capacity. E) most of the internal organs located in a visceral mass.

E

The life cycle of animals A) demonstrates alternation of generations, where the zygote is haploid and the adult is diploid. B) does not demonstrate alternation of generations. Both the zygote and the adult are haploid. C) demonstrates alternation of generations, where the zygote is diploid and the adult is haploid. D) does not demonstrate alternation of generations because only the spores are haploid. E) does not demonstrate alternation of generations; gametes are haploid and the organism is diploid.

E

Which body structure describes the freshwater hydra? A) a swimming medusa with mouth pointing downward B) a swimming medusa with mouth pointing upward C) a sessile medusa with mouth pointing upward D) a polyp with mouth pointing downward E) a polyp with mouth pointing upward

E

Which of the following is a characteristic of all animals? A) They ingest food that is digested in a central cavity. B) Usually undergo sexual reproduction. C) They produce an embryo that undergoes development in stages. D) The adult form is diploid. E) All of the answer choices describe characteristics of animals.

E

Which of the following is a characteristic of earthworms? A) segmentation B) expanded dorsal surface of the intestine called a typhlosole C) hermaphroditic D) paired nephridia in each segment E) All of the answer choices are characteristics of earthworms.

E

Which of the following is a characteristic of echinoderms? A) radial symmetry in adults B) endoskeleton of spiny, calcium-rich plates C) bilateral symmetry in larva D) both sexual and asexual reproduction E) All of the answer choices describe characteristics of echinoderms.

E

Which of the following is a feature of arthropods? A) a solid ventral nerve cord B) a variety of respiratory organs C) a well-developed nervous system D) jointed appendages and a segmented body E) All of the answer choices describe features of arthropods

E

Which of the following is characteristic of flukes? A) Flukes are ectoparasites of invertebrates. B) Most flukes have separate sexes. C) Flukes are covered by a ciliated integument. D) Flukes possess an oral sucker that is surrounded by a nonsensory papilla. E) Flukes have a well-developed alimentary canal.

E

Which of the following organisms has a true coelom? A) sponges B) hydras C) flatworms D) roundworms E) earthworms

E

Which of the following statements is correct about the flatworms? A) Flatworms have three complete tissue layers. B) Flatworms may be either free living or parasitic. C) Flatworms have a sac body plan, with only a mouth and no anus. D) Most planaria are found in marine environments, but some dwell in freshwater and moist terrestrial environments. E) All of the answer choices describe flatworms.

E

Which of the following statements is/are correct about the roundworms? A) There are three layers of tissues in the body. B) Roundworms have a tube-within-a-tube body plan. C) There is an internal body cavity called a pseudocoelom. D) Roundworms have a smooth, unsegmented outside body wall. E) All the answer choices are true statements about roundworms.

E

Which of the following statements is/are true about deuterostomes? A) The second opening during embryonic development becomes the mouth. B) Echinoderms are deuterostomes. C) Deuterostomes have a coelom. D) Deuterostomes have radial cleavage. E) All of the answer choices are true statements about deuterstomes.

E

Which of the following would be classified in a phylum other than Echinodermata? A) sea star B) sea urchin C) sea cucumber D) sand dollar E) crayfish

E

Which of these is a bivalve? A) slug B) octopus C) earthworm D) snail E) oyster

E

Which of these is a characteristic of sponges? A) They are sessile filter feeders. B) The body wall has two cell layers. C) Flagellated collar cells move water. D) Amoeboid cells transport food and make skeletal fibers and gametes. E) All of the answer choices are characteristics of sponges.

E

Which of these parasitic worms is a fluke? A) Ascaris B) Trichinella C) the worm that causes elephantiasis D) hookworm E) the worm that causes schistosomiasis

E

Which statement is true about invertebrate animals? A) The vast majority of animal species are invertebrates. B) Many invertebrate species live in a marine environment. C) Most animal phyla are invertebrates. D) All major invertebrate groups arose from protistan ancestors. E) All of the answer choices are true statements about invertebrates.

E

Which statement(s) about cnidarians is/are true? A) Reproduction is both sexual and asexual. B) Some forms are sessile and others are motile. C) They live in either marine or freshwater environments. D) They have specialized stinging cells that contain a toxin-filled capsule. E) All of the answer choices describe characteristics of cnidarians.

E

A tapeworm infection could result from A) eating insufficiently cooked pork. B) being bitten by a mosquito. C) ingesting eggs in contaminated water. D) eating freshly peeled fruit. E) wading in contaminated water.

A

Animals that have no particular symmetry exhibit A) asymmetry. B) radial symmetry. C) bilateral symmetry. D) trilateral symmetry. E) spherical symmetry.

A

Earthworms are A) annelids. B) molluscs. C) echinoderms. D) platyhelminthes. E) arthropods.

A

Echinoderms and cnidarians A) are both radially symmetrical. B) both have three germ layers. C) both have the sac body plan. D) are both deuterostomes. E) are both found in freshwater.

A

If the water vascular system of the echinoderm was damaged, which echinoderm function would be impaired? A) locomotion B) respiration C) circulation D) digestion E) sensing the environment

A

Sea stars and sea urchins operate their tube feet by A) a hydraulic system that regulates water pressure. B) cilia transporting hemolymph from chamber to chamber. C) sticky threads leading from the mouth. D) actin and myosin fibers that slide and give muscle actions to the five arms or "rays." E) an extensive net of nerve and muscle cells.

A

Clams, snails, sea slugs, and octopuses belong to the phylum A) Annelida. B) Mollusca. C) Porifera. D) Platyhelminthes. E) Arthropoda.

B

Earthworms differ from most of the marine annelids in that earthworms A) lack setae that marine annelids have. B) lack paddle-like parapodia that marine annelids have. C) have segments, while marine annelids do not. D) develop from a larval form, while marine annelids do not. E) have well-developed brains and sensory organs in the head region, while marine annelids do not.

B

Fertilization in the earthworm is accomplished by the use of the A) nephridia. B) clitellum. C) flame cells. D) trachea. E) typhlosole.

B

The following statements may apply only cnidarians, only to lophotrochozoans, or to both. Which of the following statements applies only to lophotrochozoans? A) Organisms go through both bilateral and radial stages of development. B) Most are found in shallow coastal marine environments. C) There are two tissue layers: an outer epidermis and inner gastrodermis. D) Stinging cells contain a threadlike nematocyst released to capture prey. E) A jellylike mesoglea contains cells that form a nerve net throughout the body.

A

The insect organ most equivalent to the human lung in function is the A) tracheae. B) midgut. C) crop. D) gizzard. E) Malpighian tubule.

A

The segments of a tapeworm consisting primarily of eggs, which are located behind the head, are called A) proglottids. B) cercariae. C) sporocysts. D) scolexes. E) glycocalyxes.

A

What part of a tapeworm contains both male and female sex organs and becomes filled with developing embryos? A) proglottids B) scolex C) cyst D) gastrovascular cavity E) nematocyst

A

Filter feeders are A) active predators. B) sessile or relatively inactive. C) always herbivorous. D) classified as cnidarians. E) classified as gastropods.

B

Which description best fits the lophotrochozoa? A) As embryos, they have three germ layers that will develop into the organ level of organization as adults. B) As embryos, they have two germ layers that will develop into the tissue level of organization as adults. C) Lophotrochozoa are deuterostomes. D) Lophotrochozoa are primarily a terrestrial group. E) The lophophore, a flagellated appendage, is used to define members of this group.

A

Which pair exhibits the closest phylogenetic relationship? A) spider—tick B) housefly—mite C) earthworm—grasshopper D) crayfish—planarian E) scorpion—clam

A

Which statement about echinoderms is inaccurate? A) The exoskeleton is made up of bony tissue. B) Gas exchange occurs through gills on the skin. C) Larvae are free-swimming and bilaterally symmetrical. D) A water vascular system allows the tube feet to produce suction. E) Symmetry is radial in the adult, usually with parts in fives or multiples of five.

A

Which type of animal symmetry produces mirror images no matter how the animal is sliced longitudinally? A) radial symmetry B) asymmetrical symmetry C) bilateral symmetry D) asymmetrical symmetry and bilateral symmetry E) None of the answer choices is correct.

A

Planaria feed by A) attaching to a food item with a sucker and extracting fluids. B) tearing and sucking food particles via a muscular pharynx. C) externally digesting food items and then ingesting the liquified food. D) diffusing in nutrients from the environment through its thin epidermal surface. E) filtering the water.

B

Protostomes are distinguised from deuterostomes based on A) the presence or absence of a nervous system. B) the pattern of embryonic development. C) the presence or absence of a circulatory system. D) the presence of absence of cephalization. E) feeding behaviors.

B

Respiratory structures in insects are A) commonly termed book lungs. B) spiracles and tracheae. C) hemolymphic. D) lamellae. E) lungs.

B

The two layers of tissue in a hydra are A) the epidermis, which covers and protects, and the inner layer that contains flame cells. B) the epidermis that covers and protects, and the gastrodermis where cells that complete digestion are found. C) the epidermis that contains flame cells, and the gastrodermis that contains the nephridia. D) the epidermis that covers and protects, and the gastrodermis that contains the nephridia. E) the epidermis that covers and protects, and the gastrodermis that contains a ladder-like nervous system.

B

What system do the cnidaria have that sponges lack? A) respiratory B) nervous C) circulatory D) excretory E) reproductive

B

Which of the following correctly matches the common name with a phylum name? A) planarian—Nematoda B) fluke—Platyhelminthes C) coral—Porifera D) roundworm—Cnidaria E) sponge—Arthropoda

B

Which of the following is classified as a flatworm? A) corals B) planaria C) sea anemones D) hydrozoa E) Portuguese man-of-war

B

While exploring, you find an organism washed up on the beach. While inspecting the organism, you find it has two tissue layers and is radially symmetric. What type of organism did you find? A) flatworms B) cnidarians C) roundworms D) clams E) fish

B

Lophotrochozoa are animals that are organized circularly, so no matter how they are sliced in half longitudinally, mirror images are obtained (T/F).

F

Sponges exhibit radial symmetry (T/F).

F

Tapeworms are ectoparasites od various vertebrates, including humans (T/F).

F

"Derm" means "skin," so the name Echinodermata literally means A) soft skin. B) hairy skin. C) spiny skin. D) skinless. E) three layers of skin.

C

A sponge actually feeds by A) actively capturing their prey with stinging cells. B) drawing water in and out through the osculum. C) producing water currents that flow through the pores into the central cavity and out through the osculum. D) producing water currents that flow through the osculum into the pores and out through the central cavity. E) photosynthesis.

C

An insect circulatory system is best described as A) totally closed like ours, with arteries and veins. B) similar to ours, with general closed vessels but no distinct arteries and veins. C) an open system that mostly washes hemolymph "blood" through the hemocoel. D) totally absent; each body cell manages on its own to gain food and gets rid of wastes. E) containing five pairs of "hearts."

C

Ascaris is considered to be a(n) A) flatworm. B) earthworm. C) roundworm. D) cnidarian. E) arthropod.

C

Earthworms possess both male and female organs on separate segments; thus, mating consists of "parallel parking" in opposite directions and cross-fertilizing. Given this, which of the following is true? A) This is evidence of a primitive state that is generally less efficient than separate sexes. B) This is primarily to allow them to self-fertilize if no other worm is in their sector of the soil. C) This is an advantage since they can mate with any other earthworm of the same species that they encounter. D) Maintaining any system not clearly male or female is disadvantageous; the earthworm is trapped in an evolutionary dead end. E) This demonstrates how ineffective self-fertilization is as a means of reproduction.

C

Nematocysts are characteristic of A) sponges. B) clams. C) cnidarians. D) flatworms. E) roundworms.

C

The bristles that earthworms use to anchor themselves in the earth and pull themselves along are A) aortic arches. B) lateral ventricles. C) setae. D) parapodia. E) nephridia.

C

The largest animal group, both in number of species and number of individuals, is the A) annelids. B) crustacea. C) insects. D) reptiles. E) fishes.

C

The major insect body parts are A) head, cephalothorax, and abdomen. B) cephalothorax, midsection, and abdomen. C) head, thorax, and abdomen. D) head, pyothorax, and metathorax. E) head, cephalothorax, and genitalia.

C

The most likely ancestors of the chordates are considered to be echinoderms because A) both groups reproduce sexually and asexually. B) both groups exhibit similar predatory behaviors. C) embryos of echinoderms and chordates are deuterostomes. D) adult echinoderms and adult chordates display similar characteristics. E) the nervous system of echinoderms is similar to that of chordates.

C

When an earthworm secretes a slime layer to receive eggs and sperm and form a ''cocoon,'' this secretion is produced by the A) annulations. B) peritoneum. C) clitellum. D) nephridium. E) prostomium.

C

Which group of organisms has eyes with a lens and a retina similar to those of vertebrates? A) nematodes B) gastropods C) cephalopods D) arthropods E) echinoderms

C

Which of the following is an arthropod? A) clams B) squids C) lobsters D) nautiluses E) snails

C

Which of the following is true about deuterostomes? A) Deuterostomes have two tissue layers. B) Cleavage is spiral. C) The first opening during embryonic development becomes the anus. D) The mesoderm arises from cells located near the embryonic blastopore. E) Deuterostomes include the ecdysozoa and the spiralia.

C

Which of the following organisms is lacking one of the five characteristics typically found in animals? A) sponges, which have no true tissues but have two layers of cells that perform different functions B) planaria, who have an incomplete digestive tract but do have muscles and excretory and reproductive systems C) trypanosome, a single-celled organism that causes sleeping sickness in humans D) leeches, segmented worms that are predatory on other animals E) tapeworms, flatworms that infest the intestines of humans

C

Which of the following statements about sponges is correct? A) Sponges have many nerve fibers. B) Sponges have well-developed muscle fibers. C) Amoeboid cells are the sites of digestion in a sponge. D) Sponges only reproduce asexually. E) If a sponge cell becomes separated from the sponge body, it dies immediately.

C

Which statement about arachnids is inaccurate? A) Ticks and mites are often parasitic. B) Spiders and scorpions are predators. C) Spiders have trachea for respiration. D) Spiders have a pair of fangs which release poison. E) The body parts include a cephalothorax and an abdomen.

C

Which type of organism is characterized by having jointed appendages, ability to molt, and three sets of fused segments? A) molluscs B) echinoderms C) arthropods D) annelids E) chordates

C