1A3 Block 3
Converts analog signals into digital signals and vice versa; modulation and demodulation
Modem
Connects all of the parts of a computer together and is the main circuit board for logical data processing
Motherboard
A transmission intended for more than one node
Multicast
Capable of transferring data up to 600mbps
N-Wireless
A connection point that interconnects the network node with the actual medium
Network Interference
A network Interface that provides a connection point to a medium on a network
Network Interference Card (NIC)
A seperated portion within the network
Network Segment
Describes a network layout
Network Topology
OSI layer that focuses on addressing, fragmenting, and routing between networks.
Network layer (3)
An operating system oriented toward networking environments
Network operating system (NOS)
A connection point, redistribution point, or communication endpoint
Node
Memory that does not lose it's contents; is permanent until deliberately removed
Non-Volatile
A 7 layer reference model that describes how information moves from one computer to another computer on a network
OSI model
An inter-networking end device that connects networks. separates broadcast domains.
Router
Non-volatile memory. Serves as permanent storage for computer systems. Slower than primary.
Secondary memory
The process of dividing data into smaller pieces in a sequence
Segmentation
Data flows one bit at a time, sequentially, over a bus
Serial
A host that provides provides services and information to other hosts on a network
Server
provides services and information to other hosts on a network
Server
OSI layer that focuses on initializing/terminating communications while allowing ID and recognition of users. Also determines if data transmits in half-duplex or full-duplex.
Session Layer (5)
Standard method for finding a host's MAC address when only it's network layer address (IP address) is available.
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
A standard that defines the connections of storage devices.
Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA)
TCP/IP layer that houses multiple protocols such as Operating systems, network operating systems, (NOS) and applications to utilize communication with each other across networks.
Application Layer (4)
OSI layer that focuses on the applications themselves and allows the user to Interface with the network
Application Layer (7)
Portion of the CPU that performs all arithmetic and logical operations
Arithmetic-logic unit (ALU)
Provides multiple service types. Encapsulates data link layer frames into fixed-sized cells.
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
Unit of measurement expressed as either a 0 or 1 in binary code
Bit
Refers to the total number of physically transfered bits in one second over a communication link
Bit Rate
any network device that can: connect, filter, and forward data traffic from one network segment to another. connects devices from different segments using MAC addresses.
Bridge
A transmission intended for all nodes on a local area network
Broadcast
A logical part or division of a network where devices reach each other broadcasts without the need of a routing device
Broadcast domain
The number of bits each bus can transfer regardless if it's serial or parallel
Bus width
Composed of 8-bits
Byte
Brain of the computer; controls the basic operations of the system
CPU, Central Processing Unit
Closest available memory for the CPU
Cache memory
Twisted pair that has a greater number of twists per length. stricter signal quality standards. up to but not more than 1Gbps.
Category 5 enhanced (Cat 5e)
Twisted pair that improves signal quality and transfer speed support. Sustains faster speed up to 2.5Gbps
Category 6 (Cat 6)
Places control of network resources on a dedicated-server. Each client is mostly dependent upon the server in order to access resources
Client-server implementation
Provides computing resources (hardware and software) over networks such as the internet
Cloud Server Service
A central conductive core to encode the signal in an AC analog form
Coaxial
An area of a network where devices compete for access to the transmission medium
Collision Domain
An electronic or mechanical device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory
Computer
The most basic part of any computer system
Computer Case
Composed of raw unorganized bits for computers
Computer Data
Two or more devices connected together to share data
Computer Data
An electrical circuit that links one device to another
Computer Interface
They break the integrity of the system. Could be a anyone.
Computer Security Threats
A collection of wires through which data transmits
Computer buses
A network device that provides access outside the LAN. Separates broadcast domains and serves as a translator.
Default gateway
Established by Congress to prevent a surprise technological attack against the US
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)
Shows who your DNS server is and if it is working correctly. Will resolve an IP address from a domain name.
Domain Name Look-Up (NSLOOKUP)
Links names to IP addresses and vice versa. Establishes the connection for you.
Domain Name System (DNS) Service
Low level programs that allows an OS to control devices
Drivers
automatically manages IP addresses
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Service
A type of disturbance that typically generates from powered devices or radio transmissions in proximity to your medium
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)
Capable of transferring data up to 10mbps
Ethernet
capable of transferring up to 100mbps
Fast Ethernet
Allows a server to act as a remote disk drive. functions as a high-speed central computer that will store programs and data files
File Server Service
a secondary memory storage device that uses magnetism to store data; moving arm-magnet
Hard Disk Drives
An end device that can connect to a network. Can offer users services and applications that help share and obtain resources from the network
Host
A unique binary portion of an IPv4 address that is specific to each device on a network
Host ID
A component that serves as a basic central connecting point
Hub
Established for use with wireless transmissions. Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA). Wireless LAN Amendments.
I-EEE 802.11: Wireless LAN (WLAN)
Established for use with wire media. Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CMSA/SD). States the Ethernet Amendments.
I-EEE 802.3: Ethernet
A 32-bit binary address divided into four 8-bit octets separated by a dot
IPv4
128-bit hexadecimal address divided into eight 16-bit groups called hextets separated by colons
IPv6
TCP/IP that includes specific protocols to handle all the hardware details of interfacing with the media and connecting devices.
Network Access Layer (1)
The binary address that identifies a unique IPv4 Network
Network ID
Facilitates open development and internet use around the world. Is composed of IETF and the IRTF.
Internet Society (ISOC)
Referred to as physical hardware address, hexadecimal coded
Media Access Control Address (MAC)
The means by which a computer stores data
Memory
A network that interconnects users with computer resources in a geographic area or region
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
A programmable integrated circuit that contains all or most of the functions of a central processing unit (CPU) of a computer
Microprocessor
Relies on transmitting towers, and utilizes linked networks with satellites orbiting earth
Microwave Wireless Transmission
performs critical tasks that involve bulk data processing
mainframe
Refers to anything that can severely affect the quality of signal encoding
media disturbance
The way devices find each other across networks
networking adress
A set of instructions that put a computer to work
Software
a data storage device that uses special integrated Circuits similar to flash memory, to store data permanently; no moving parts
Solid State Drive
Helps devices determine the network the network ID and host ID
Subnet Mask
Helps scientists by processing immense calculations
Supercomputer
A network intermediate device utilized to connect end devices
Switch
Takes advantage of glass media. Breaks down mediums into Optical Carrier (OC) levels.
Synchronous Optical Network (SONET)
A chip or circuit that provides the timing signals, synchronizes all operations of the motherboard
System Clock
is used to operate and maintain the computer system
System Software
Helps determine the path to a host while also providing hop information to the host
Traceroute
A compilation of protocols that allow communication between devices and different networks. Has 4 layers.
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Protocol model
Refers to the actual physical communication channel used in the network
Transmission Media
TCP/IP layer that handles reliable delivery of data. Responsible for data flow control, segmentation, and error recovery.
Transport Layer (3)
OSI layer that focuses on segmentation and data flow control as well as error recovery.
Transport layer (4)
disguises itself as a different application
Trojan Horse
Consists of pairs of insulted wires twisted together. intertwined together to enhance signal quality.
Twisted Pair
Long distance communications network that covers a large geographic area such as a state or country
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Capable of transferring data up to 11mbps
Wifi
most popular OS for consumers
Windows
Refers to mediums composed of conductive material such as metal
Wire media
Refers to media that carries EM signals that represent binary digits of data
Wireless media
A computer that performs specific tasks and usually has more powerful processors
Workstation
Capable of replicating and traveling without human action
Worm
Installed in every MAC computer
apple MAC OS
Type of disturbance with distortion and/or weakening of a signal as it's traverses the media
attenuation
First system software a computer system runs
basic Input Output System (BIOS)
A host that requests and obtains information from a server
client
All devices share the same central connecting device
Physical Star
OSI layer that focuses on the hardware used to move bits across the medium from one point to another.
Physical layer (1)
Component that supplies DC power to electric loads and converts AC into DC
Power Supply
OSI layer that relies on the Operating System to provide additional level of security and file transfers.
Presentation Layer (6)
The two types of major categories for memory
Primary and Secondary
Provides access to print devices. manages the information sent by users to a networked printer.
Print Service
Capable of transferring data up to 1.3Gbps
AC-wireless
Classless IPv4 range that starts with 169.254.0.1. Used by a device that loses network connection.
APIPA
specifies a physical address for data
Address Bus
Carries commands from the CPU to all devices connected to the motherboard
Control Bus
Directs the operation of the CPU itself to include input and output (I/O)
Control Unit
Transfer or carries the actual data
Data Bus
The process of packaging one message format inside another message format in a sequence
Data Encapsulation
OSI layer that focuses on controlling access to the medium and encoding the mediums signal. Has a Header, Payload, and a Trailer.
Data Link layer (2)
Portable device that plugs into a specific port and stores data using ROM technology
Flash Drive
A type of non-volatile memory that can be electronically erased and reprogrammed
Flash Memory
Composed of many logic gates
Flip-Flop
Capable of transferring data up to 1Gbps
Gigabit Ethernet
Refers to mediums composed of glass or plastic material. Carries data in the modulated light beams
Glass media/Fiber Optic
A type of disturbance that occurs when one wire induces a voltage across another wire through EM introduction
Inductive Coupling (Crosstalk)
The information Processing Cycle is comprised of:
Input Process Output Storage
Focuses on setting standards for local area network such as mediums and network access method
Institute of Electric and Electronics Engineers (I-EEE)
Essential circuits sometimes known as chips or microchips that create solid-state devices capable of processing and storing data
Integrated Circuits
Responsible for creating reference standards for routing protocols. Developed the OSI model in 1984.
International Organization of Standardization (ISO)
Assigns policies for the responsible coordination of IP address allocation, domain names management, and application of protocols.
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)
TCP/IP layer that deciphers the best way to route packets between networks. Responsible for addressing, routing packets between networks, and fragmenting.
Internet Layer (2)
An address that serves as a logical pointer to a node on a network
Internet Protocol Address (IP)
An internal command used to display IP settings for all Interfaces and possible connections of your host.
Internet Protocol Configuration (IPCONFIG)
All devices relay data for the network
Physical Mesh
A high speed network limited in geographical scope
LAN (Local Area Network)
developed to mimic Unix, source code independent
Linux
A tiny device that requires two or more inputs and provides only one output
Logic Gate
every time a device transmits, the data will go to all nodes on the network as a broadcast
Logical Bus
Every time a device transmits, the data will move from one node to the next
Logical Ring
Identifies how the data flows through the physical network
Logical Topology
A program that manages hardware and software to allow information in and out of the computer
Operating System (OS)
A disk drive that uses EM waves as part of it's data reading and writing process
Optical Disk Drive
A computer network tool used to test a connectivity to a particular host across an IP network. Estimates round-trip time and records any packet loss.
Packet Inter-Network Groper (PING)
data flows as several bits traveling together, or as a simultaneously traveling group
Parallel
All devices share the same abilities to use resources available on the network
Peer-to-peer implementation
A computer geared toward the average consumer for personal use
Personal Computer (PC)
composed itself of different physical topologies to achieve full network connectivity regardless of scale
Physical Hybrid
The form that data takes as it progresses through the transmission process
Protocol Data Unit (PDU)
Breaks connection between sender and receiver. Acts as an intermediary between hosts.
Proxy Server Service
volatile primary memory. serves as temporary electrical storage space for instructions and data
RAM
Non-volatile primary memory. Manufactured chips soldered to logic board
ROM
Utilizes AM or FM modulated radio bands including HF, VHF, and UHF
Radio Wireless Transmission
A small areas within the CPU used to store temporary results and control data
Registers
Code standard for high end systems
UNIX
A transmission intended for only one particular node
Unicast
Threat that is executed by a user or another program.
Virus
Memory that loses it's contents once power is lost or removed
Volatile memory
Capable of transferring data up 54mbps
WLAN/G-Wireless
identifies the physical connections and the shape of the network
physical topology
All devices using radio waves or Infrared waves without a physical medium
physical wireless
Preferred memory of Computer systems because of it's speed
primary memory