Bio- Chapter 7, 8.2, 10 and 11

If one strand of a DNA molecule has the base sequence of ATGTGCC the complementary strand will read: A. ATGTGCC B. UACACGG C. CGTGTAA D. TACACGG E. None of the above are correct

D. TACACGG

To inherit an autosomal dominant disorder a person could receive the disease causing allele from: A. The father only, not the mother B. The mother only, not the father C. The parent who does not exhibit the disease D. The mother or the father E. None of the above are correct

D. The mother or the father

A human male has ____ chromosomes with ____ sex chromosomes. A. 46, XY B. 48, XY C. 46, XX D. 48, XX E. 48, YY

A. 46, XY

In a molecule of DNA: A. Adenine pairs with thymine B. Cytosine pairs with adenine C. Thymine pairs with uracil D. Adenine pairs with uracil E. Both A and B are correct

A. Adenine pairs with thymine

Sickle cell disease is caused by: A. An abnormally shaped hemoglobin protein B. An extra number 21 chromosome C. A faulty gene needed for pigment production D. A gene that encodes a faulty chloride channel protein E. A gene that causes enzyme deficiency in the biochemical pathway that breaks down phenylalanine

A. An abnormally shaped hemoglobin protein

Which of the following best describes the relationship between DNA, proteins, RNA A. DNA is transcribed into RNA, the RNA is translated into proteins B. DNA is transcribed into proteins, then proteins are translated into RNA C. DNA is translated into RNA, then RNA is transcribed into proteins D. DNA is translated into proteins, then proteins are transcribed into RNA

A. DNA is transcribed into RNA, the RNA is translated into proteins

Karyotyping can be used to diagnose which of the following genetic disorders? A. Down syndrome B. color-blindness C. muscular dystrophy D. hemoplilia E. All of the choices

A. Down syndrome

The DNA sequence ATGCATGC is a template for which of the following RNA strands A. UACGUACG B. CGAUCGAU C. AUGCAUGC D. TAGCTAGC E. UAGCTAGC

A. UACGUACG

The scientist (scientists) that used x-ray diffraction to help reveal the structure of DNA is (are): A. Watson and Crick B. Hershey and Chase C. Avery and Macleod D. Franklin E. Chargaff

A. Watson and Crick

A red-flower plant (RR) is crossed with a white-flowered plant (rr). If R is the dominant allele and r is the recessive allele, what color would you except the flowers of the flower offspring to be A. all red flowered offspring B. 50% red and 50% white flowered offspring C. 75% red and 25% white flowered offspring D. all white offspring

A. all red flowered offspring

Linked genes are genes that A. are found on the same chromosomes B. are found in the same species C. have more alleles than usual D. are found in different daughter cells

A. are found on the same chromosomes

If an individual is heterozygous for particular trait A. each parent contributed a different allele for that trait B. each parent contributed the same allele for that trait C. one parent contributed two alleles for that trait D. a mutation must have occurred

A. each parent contributed a different allele for that trait

A portion of DNA that encodes a specific protein is a A. gene B. chromosomes C. chromatid D. centromere

A. gene

Homologous chromosomes have A. the same gene but can have different alleles B. the same genes and the same alleles C. different genes D. different genes, but can have the same alleles

A. the same gene but can have different alleles

If a healthy young couple are both carriers of cystic fibrosis, the chance that each of their future children will inherit this serious illness is A. 0% B. 25% C. 75% D. 50% E. 100%

B. 25%

If a diploid cell has 14 chromosomes, it will have A. 14 pairs of homologous chromosomes B. 7 pairs of homologous chromatids C. 14 pairs of homologous chromatids D. 7 pairs og homologous chromosomes E. 14 alleles

B. 7 pairs of homologous chromatids

DNA replication is: A. Conservative B. A one-step process C. Not carried out by enzymes D. Semi-conservative E. Not carried out in prokaryotic cells

B. A one-step process

The four nitrogen bases that are found in the different nucleotides of DNA are: A. Adenine, thymine, cytosine, uracil B. Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine C. Uracil, adenine, cytosine, guanine D. Uracil, cytosine, guanine, thymine E. None of the above are correct

B. Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine

If one strand of DNA has the base sequence AAGCAA, the complementary strand has which of the following sequences? A. UUCGUU B. TTCGTT C. AAGCAA D. UTCGTU E. TTCGTG

B. TTCGTT

If while examining a human karyotype, it is observed that there are 22 paired chromosomes and two chromosomes that are not the same size, this would most likely be due to: A. The karyotype belonging to a genetic female B. The karyotype belonging to a genetic male C. Nondisjunction D. Both A and C are correct E. Both B and C are correct

B. The karyotype belonging to a genetic male

What are alleles? A. genes for different traits, such as hair color or eye color B. alternative forms of a gene for a single trait, such as blue eyes or brown eyes C. the locations of genes on a chromosome D. recessive forms of a kind of characteristic carried by genes E. dominant forms of a kind of characteristic carried by genes

B. alternative forms of a gene for a single trait, such as blue eyes or brown eyes

A three-base sequence at one end of tRNA that is complementary to a three-base sequence in mRNA is A. codon B. an anticodon C. a promoter D. an amino acid attachment site

B. an anticodon

Genotype refers to the A. number of gametes in an individual B. combination of alleles in an individual C. number of chromosomes in an individual D. observable expression of the gene in an individual

B. combination of alleles in an individual

An allele that masks the effect of the other allele is called A. recessive B. dominant C. homologous D. homozygous

B. dominant

A pea plant with Tt as its genotype should be referred to as A. homozygous dominant B. heterzygous C. homozygous recessive D. mutant

B. heterzygous

Because one original strand of the double-stranded helix is found in each daughter cell, the replication process is called A. proofreading. B. semiconservative. C. redundant. D. freeing of DNA. E. mutation positive.

B. semiconservative.

If an individual with a dominant phenotype is crossed with an individual with a recessive phenotype, 4 of their 9 offspring show the recessive phenotype. What is the genotype of the first parent? A. AA B. Aa C. aa D. The answer cannot be determined from this information

C. aa

If an individual is homozygous for a particular trait A. each parent contributed a different allele for the trait B. one parent contributed two different alleles for that trait C. each parent contributed the same allele for that trait D. one parent contributed two copies of the same allele for that trait E. a mutation must have occurred

C. each parent contributed the same allele for that trait

The location on a chromosome where a particular gene is located is known as the: A. allele B. dihybrid C. locus D. diploid E. autosome

C. locus

In humans, all of the chromosomes that are not X or Y are referred to as autosomes. Alleles for genes on autosomes are inherited from A. females only (mother) B. males only (father) C. males and female (one allele from each parent) D. makes and females (two alleles from each parent)

C. males and female (one allele from one parent)

When Mendel crossed short (tt) pea plants with short (tt) pea plants the offsprings A. were all tall B. were a mix of tall and short C. were all short D. there is not enough information to determine the answer

C. were all short

The model of DNA proposed by Watson and Crick A. combined many of the findings of other researchers also studying DNA such as Rosalind Franklin and Chargaff. B. showed the double helix nature of the molecule. C. presented a molecule with sugar-phosphate backbones on the outside and paired bases on the inside. D. All of the choices are correct.

D. All of the choices are correct.

Hemophilia A is caused by: A. An "X" linked recessive disorder B. A defective blood clotting protein C. An "X" linked dominant disorder D. Both A and B are correct E. Both A and C are correct

D. Both A and B are correct

In a karyotype, the major characteristics that uniquely identify each chromosome are: A. Sequence of nitrogen bases, types of proteins and banding pattern B. Types of proteins, number of telomeres and size C. Size, number of telomeres and banding pattern D. Centromere position, banding pattern and size E. Position in the nucleus, types of proteins and size

D. Centromere position, banding pattern and size

Information from X-ray crystallographic data collected by _______ was used by Watson and Crick in their development of the model of DNA. A. Chargaff B. Griffith C. McClintock D. Franklin E. Hershey and Chase

D. Franklin

Which of those is NOT required for the initiation of translation A. mRNA B. ribosomal subunits C. tRNA that recognizes that start codon D. RNA polymerase

D. RNA polymerase

The process by which DNA reproduces itself is: A. Protein synthesis B. Aerobic respiration C. Substrate-phosphorylation D. Replication E. Photosynthesis

D. Replication

The Punnett square of a monohybrid cross A. shows the mating between two individuals with different alleles of one gene B. shows the mating between two individuals with different alleles for two or more genes C. is a way to determine the expected frequency of offspring showing a particular dominant or recessive phenotype D. a and c are correct E. b and c are correct

D. a and c are correct

A DNA sequence that signals the start of a gene is A. a codon B. an anticodon C. a terminator D. a promoter

D. a promoter

In the ABO blood type system, a cell can express the A alleles and the B alleles equally. This is an example of A. dominant and recessive alleles B. homozygous dominance C. pleiotropy D. codominance E. incomplete dominance

D. codominance

The phenotype of an individual is the A. number of chromosomes in that individual B. combination of alleles in the individual C. possible combination of alleles in the population D. observable expression of the gene in the individual

D. observable expression of the gene in the individual

The amount of adenine is always equal to the amount of _______ in DNA. A. cytosine B. uracil C. guanine D. thymine E. ATP

D. thymine

What type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome A. complentary RNA B. messenger RNA C. ribosomal RNA D. transfer RNA

D. transfer RNA

Polymerase chain reaction may be used to: A. Identify missing persons B. Establish genetic relationships C. Identify remains D. Identify disease-causing genes E. All of the above are correct

E. All of the above are correct

Sickle Cell disease: A. Results from a single base change B. Causes hemoglobin to aggregate C. Causes red blood cells to become sickle shaped D. Blocks blood flow to organs E. All of the above are correct

E. All of the above are correct

Genetic mutations are A. common in bacteria due to their extremely rapid rate of DNA replication. B. permanent changes in the base sequences of a gene in the DNA strand. C. due to errors in DNA replication. D. sometimes due to proofreading errors. E. All of the choices apply.

E. All of the choices apply.

Hershey and Chase experimented with radioactively labeled phosphorus and sulfur to determine that DNA and not protein is the genetic material. Which of the following was essential to this confirming experiment? A. Sulfur is present in amino acids in the protein coat of bacteria. B. Phosphorus is present in high amounts in DNA. C. Sulfur is not present in DNA. D. Phosphorus is not present in amino acids in the protein coat of bacteria. E. All were critical to demonstrating DNA is involved in the genetic material.

E. All were critical to demonstrating DNA is involved in the genetic material.

To inherit an autosomal recessive disorder requires a person to receive the disease causing allele from: A. The father only B. The mother only C. Only the parent having the disease D. Only one parent who is homozygous recessive for the disease E. Both parents

E. Both parents

Queen Victoria and some of her descendants carried an X-linked gene for A. male pattern baldness. B. sickle-cell disease. C. color blindness. D. hemophilia. E. Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

E. Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Which statement is NOT true about X-linked characteristics? A. More males than females are affected. B. If a female has the characteristic, all her sons will show it. C. Females can be carriers of the gene without showing it. D. The characteristic often skips a generation, from a woman's father to her son. E. Males can have two copies of the alleles for the trait, but females can have only one

E. Males can have two copies of the alleles for the trait, but females can have only one

To inherit an autosomal recessive disorder required that the person receive the allele leading to the disease from A. the father only B. the mother only C. only the parent having the disease D. only one parent who is homozygous recessive for the disease E. both parents

E. both parents

What process converts the mRNA "message" into a sequence of amino acids A. transcription B. replication C. mitosis D. animo acid synthesis E. translation

E. translation

Unattached earlobes (EE or Ee) are described in the textbook as dominant over attached earlobes (ee). A couple both have unattached earlobes. Both notice that one of their parents on both sides has attached earlobes (ee). Therefore, they correctly assume that they are carriers for attached earlobes (Ee). The couple proceed to have four children. A. They can be certain that three will be heterozygous and one homozygous recessive. B. If the first three are heterozygous, the fourth must be homozygous recessive. C. The children must repeat the grandparents' genotype (Ee). D. All children must have unattached earlobes since both parents possess the dominant gene for it. E. Two heterozygous, one homozygous recessive and one homozygous dominant is a likely outcome, but all heterozygous, or two, three or all four homozygous are also possible.

E. Two heterozygous, one homozygous recessive and one homozygous dominant is a likely outcome, but all heterozygous, or two, three or all four homozygous are also possible.

Skin color in humans, caused by several genes at several loci, is an example of A. multiple alleles at one locus. B. incomplete dominance. C. epistasis. D. pleiotropy. E. polygenic inheritance

E. polygenic inheritance