Bio

A nutrition label states that 1 serving of a candy bar has 26 Total grams of Carbohydrates, 1 gram of Dietary Fiber, and 24 grams of Sugars. There are 2 servings in each bar. What are your Net Carbohydrates if you consumed the entire package?

50g

What molecule holds instructions for the synthesis of proteins and copies itself for the next generation of cells?

DNA

If you do not drink enough water, which hormone will the brain produce to regulate urine production?

ADH

Why would exercise help with blood circulation in your legs?

As muscles contract they squeeze blood through the veins and increased heart rate pushes more blood into the legs.

A person has a blood type of A. They could receive a whole blood transfusion from which donor(s)?

Both A or O

You are sorting cards with pictures of organisms and their descriptions into groups with similar organisms. You would place the card with an osprey and the description "organisms that obtain energy by consuming other organisms" with cards for other ______.

heterotrophs

If, for a study, you wanted to cause blood vessel dilation and swelling to mimic effects of innate immunity, you would want to inject

histamine

When we break polymers into monomers we use this reaction:

hydrolysis

Which would be a primary target for ADH?

kidney

Blood in the pulmonary artery would have ________ oxygen and ________ carbon dioxide than blood in the pulmonary vein.

less, more

Which is the best example of emergent properties?

metal welding together

What is the correct order of components of the digestive tract?

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus

The primary building block (monomer) of nucleic acids is

nucleotide

When electrons are removed from a food molecule, the molecule is

oxidized

What diffuses from the air in the alveoli into the blood?

oxygen

If you were using electrodes and chemical tests to find a resting neuron, you would look for a neuron in which _____.

potassium ions are more concentrated inside the cell than outside.

A ball at the top of a hill is an example of ________ and a ball rolling down the hill is an example of ________.

potential energy, kinetic energy

The polymers with the most complex and diverse three-dimensional structures are

protiens

What is the purpose of a control in an experiment?

provides a basis for comparrison

Once a week, Mary Ella goes on a 4-mile run before school. She burns 90 Calories per mile. On days that she runs, she treats herself to a chai tea (410 Calories) instead of black tea (0 calories). Assuming everything else in her diet is the same, predict how her weight will change.

she will slowly gain weight

Pepsin is an enzyme that digests proteins at acidic pH. Therefore, it must act in the _______.

stomach

A preparation that "teaches" the immune system to recognize a disease-causing agent without actually causing disease is termed a(n)

vaccination

Where does Transcription occur?

In the nucleus

Which best describes how a neuron fires?

Na+ ions cross the plasma membrane initiating a wave that travels down the axon

The blood returning to the heart from the body enters into the ____ first, and is then pumped out towards the ____.

RA, lungs

If the sequence of a DNA template is ATAGCT, the product transcribed is a single stranded ___ molecule with the sequence _____

RNA, UAUCGA

Which is the main reason that an effective vaccine has not been produced for the HIV virus that causes AIDS?

the virus is rapidly changing

Once the DNA has been untwisted and the hydrogen bonds between nucleotides have been broken, what holds the two strands of DNA apart while Transcription proceeds?

SSBPs

In a reflex, the ________ receives the signal that your finger is too hot and sends the message to move the finger away from the stove. The ________ transfers the message to the finger.

Spinal cord, spinal cord

If you were trying to block an antibody that was causing an autoimmune disease in a patient, you would want to find a way to cover and inactivate the ______.

variable region

The role of B cells in adaptive immunity is ________, versus the role of T cells in adaptive immunity is ________.

to secrete antibodies in humoral immunity; to attack pathogenic cells in cell-mediated immunity

If you were working with a 3D model of an enzyme, and you found a part representing a molecule that fits into the active site, you would have found something that is

a substrate

In several neurological diseases, axons lose their insulating myelin sheath. What is the consequence of this loss?

action potential transmission slows down

A molecule that stimulates an immune-system reaction by B cells and T cells is termed a(n) _____.

antigen

The thickest walls of blood vessels are in the

arteries

Asexual reproduction differs from sexual reproduction in that

asexual reproduction produces offspring containing DNA from only one parent.

Patients with cardiovascular problems can be prescribed many different medications. Aspirin inhibits platelets, beta- blockers slow the heart rate, and diuretics cause the kidneys to release more water in the urine. Which drug(s) would be prescribed to a person who is at risk of forming a blood clot?

aspirin

During digestion _ emulsifies (breaks down) fats.

bile

WBC are produced where?

bone marrow

When people with celiac disease eat foods or use products containing gluten, their immune system responds by damaging or destroying villi. Which of the following symptoms would a person with celiac disease have?

decreased absorption of nutrients

In cystic fibrosis, a thick ,dry mucus builds up in the alveoli. Which would you expect to occur in these patients?

decreased diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli into capillaries

You want to test Charles Darwin's prediction that an orchid with long pollen tubes has a pollinator with long, thin mouthparts that can reach the bottom of the elongated nectar tube. You place nets over some orchids, which allows pollinators with small, short mouthparts to enter but prevents the entry of pollinators with long, thin mouthparts. Next, you compare the number of seeds produced by plants with and without the nets. In this experiment, seed production is a(n)

dependent variable

Entropy is:

disorder

Which of the following is not part of the respiratory system?

esophagus

The process of change that produces the diversity of life on Earth is called

evolution

The AV node sends signals down the

ventricle walls

The first cell after fertilization is called a(n) ________.

zygote