BIO Energy
Which of the following statements best describes ATP?
ATP is comprised of a sugar, base, and three phosphate groups.
Which is true about the energy of activation?
Adding the correct enzyme can lower the energy of activation.
How does caffeine influence metabolic pathways?
Caffeine increases energy generated by cellular respiration pathways by increasing metabolic rates.
Which of the following statements best describes the effects of caffeine on the body?
Caffeine is considered a psychoactive drug because it changes brain function.
Which of the following statements describes the correct flow of energy conversions through living systems?
Chloroplasts convert solar energy to the chemical energy of nutrient molecules and mitochondria convert this chemical energy into ATP molecules used for work.
Which of the following statements describes the correct flow of energy conversions through living systems?
Chloroplasts convert solar energy to the chemical energy of nutrient molecules.
When a car burns gasoline, much of the energy is released in the form of heat. Which of the following best describes this process in relation to the first law of thermodynamics?
Energy can be changed from one form to another.
Which of the following statements is true regarding energy drinks?
Energy drinks claim to increase energy levels, mental awareness, and reduce muscle fatigue.
Which of the following statements is true concerning how energy drinks work?
Energy drinks contain vitamins which are known to interact with cellular respiration pathways, helping provide energy.
Which of the following provides support for the endosymbiotic theory?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own genomes.K
Which of the following statements is true regarding alternate fuels for energy production within the body?
Proteins and lipids generate substantially more ATP energy than glucose, but the body has a harder time breaking them down.
Which of the following statements best describe the way molecules move across a plasma membrane?
Small, uncharged molecules pass through the plasma membrane easily.
have active sites complementary in shape to their substrates.
The end product of glycolysis is pyruvate.
Both starch and cellulose are made by stringing together many glucose molecules. However, while starch is easily digested by humans, cellulose is indigestible. The starch polysaccharide has bonds occurring below the sugar rings, while the bonds in cellulose alternate above the ring and below the next ring. How can you explain humans' inability to digest cellulose?
The enzyme that breaks down starch can only fit the specific bond configuration of bonds below the ring.
.How are lipids different from other categories of biological molecules?
They will not combine with water.
Which of the following statements is true about vitamins?
Vitamins are molecules that assist enzymes in chemical reactions or assist in energy-related pathways.
An energy drink that is marketed towards athletes promises to boost endurance, decrease muscle fatigue, and promote recovery. It contains caffeine, B vitamins, taurine, malic acid, and phenylalanine. Is this claim plausible?
Yes. These substances have been shown to have benefits including increased athletic performance, increased energy, and the production of proteins in the body.
Which of the following is a function of the large intestine?
absorption of water
The relative number of mitochondria in a cell would be a general indicator of the extent of _____ occurring within that cell.
active transport
In which of the following is the correct monomer matched with its polymer?
amino acid—protein
If we set up an experimental design to explore the full digestion of starch to glucose, we would need to include which enzymes?
amylase and maltase
Which is an example of potential energy rather than kinetic energy?
an apple made up of energy-rich macromolecules
Cellular respiration involves all of the following except
breathing in and out.
Of the following list of ingredients in an energy drink, which is the most likely to provide a burst of energy?
caffeine
Select the correct association.
carbohydrates—provide the body with an immediate source of energy
Which of the following is a function of the liver?
detoxifies blood by filtering poisonous substances
A student sitting in the back row opened a bottle of foul-smelling perfume and dabbed it on her wrists. One by one (beginning from the back of the room) the students began to cough due to the foul smell. This phenomena was due to
diffusion
Which one of the following is a main function of many proteins?
enzymatic activity
Which process is responsible for moving bulk cellular wastes across the cell membrane?
exocytosis
Which of the following is a passive mechanism used to move materials into and out of of the cell?
facilitated diffusion
Which of the following is responsible for the storage of extra bile, used to aid in the digestion of fats?
gallbladder
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?
glycolysis → preparatory reaction → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain
Each enzyme has a particular substrate because enzymes
have active sites complementary in shape to their substrates.
Which of the following is a likely physiological effect of caffeine ingestion?
increased metabolic rate
In humans, what is the sequence of fat digestion from the lumen of the small intestine to the bloodstream?
lipids → fatty acid and glycerol (converted in epithelial cell) → lacteal → bloodstream
Which is a correct association of mitochondrion structure and phase of cellular respiration?
matrix—citric acid cycle
Starch digestion begins in the _____ and protein digestion begins in the _____.
mouth; stomach
Which of the following is an example of a B vitamin?
niacin
Which of the following processes would be most directly impacted from a lack of niacin in the body?
the movement of high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain
Hydrolysis of sucrose, a disaccharide, results in
two monomers