Bio eoc SG

One of the parents of a child has phenylketonuria (PKU), which is caused by autosomal recessive alleles. The other parent does not have the PKU alleles. What is the chance of the couple will have a child with PKU?

0%

If 20% of a DNA sample is made up of thymine, T, what percentage of the sample is made up of cytosine, C?

30%

Hitchhikers thumb is dominant to know hitchhikers thumb. A woman who does not have her check her stomach where is the man who is heterozygous for hitchhikers thumb. What is the probable genotypic ratio of their children?

50% Hh: 50% hh

In pea plants, the trait for tall stems is dominant over the trait for short stems. If two heterozygous tall plants are crossed, what percentage of the offspring would be expected to have the same phenotype as the parents?

75%

If several species of carnivores are removed from an ecosystem, the most likely effect on the ecosystem will be:

A decrease in stability among populations

A specific type of cell is being studied by a scientist. She notices the cell contains a nucleus, lysosomes, a cell membrane and a cell wall. What is the correct classification of the cell?

A eukaryotic plant cell

The rate at which blood flows through the human body changes in response to many factors. Which statement describes one of these factors and its affect on blood flow?

A high viscosity of blood causes an increase resistance in the blood vessels and leads to slow blood flow

Which of the following describes fertilization

A sperm joining an egg to form a zygote

If the xylem of a young tree is damaged, what process is first affected?

Absorbing water from the soil

The combined observations of Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann amd Rudolph Virchow resulted in the formation of the cell theory. What is part of the cell theory?

All cells come from other living cells, all living organisms are made of one or more cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function of all living things.

Which of the following best illustrates natural selection?

An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully.

Coyotes are opportunistic predators that are found throughout most of North America. They typically feed on small mammals, insects, and fruits and vegetables. There are known for their dietary adaptability. The best description of the role in the food web would be:

And omnivore

How do human diseases caused by bacteria and diseases caused by viruses react to antibiotics?

Bacterial diseases respond to antibiotics; viral diseases do not

On remote islands, immigration and emigration usually do not have a large effect on population sizes. A bird population on a remote island remains at a relatively constant size year after year. Which of the following most likely describes the birth rate and the death rate for this population?

Birthrate and death rate or close to equal

Which type of cells have genetic material that is contained in a nucleus?

Both plant and animal cells

Many Protists are single celled organisms, as are bacteria. However, protists and bacteria are in different biological kingdoms.

Both protists and bacteria can be motile. Both protists and bacteria or microorganisms. Protists and bacteria may be photosynthetic.

Using a microscope in the science lab, Jill observed to unknown cells: cell 1 and cell 2. So one she identified as a plant cell and sell to as an animal cell. Her teacher told her she identified the cells correctly. What did Jill most likely observe to correctly identify the cells?

Cell one had a cell wall. Cell two did not.

Cell theory was first proposed in 1838. Evidence obtained through additional scientific investigations resulted in the current cell theory. Which statement describes a component of the original cell theory that was removed because of the new scientific knowledge?

Cells form through spontaneous generation

Competition between two species occurs when:

Chipmunks and squirrels eat sunflower seeds in a garden

Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection and a sub species of giraffes that is a geographically isolated from other sub species of giraffes?

Chromosome number

A florist place is a bouquet of white carnations and water containing blue dye. After time, the flower turns blue what process helps the carnations to change color?

Cohesion and adhesion of water molecules

Jim was told that he might need to go on medication if his blood pressure continues to be high. What causes blood pressure?

Contraction of the ventricles in the heart

What is the relationship between DNA and proteins in a cell

DNA controls of the production of proteins in the cell

Leaves fall from desiduous trees in autumn . The carbon in these leaves is returned to the atmosphere through which of the following processes?

Decomposition

The presence of wastes, such as plastic bags and motor oil, and lakes and streams miles away from developed areas suggest that:

Ecosystems are interconnected and human action can alter ecosystem equilibrium

What contains complex, membrane-bound organelles?

Eukaryotic

Jenna studying a population of fish found in a pond that has a decreasing caring capacity. Which of the following factors would not increase the carrying capacity of her fish?

Flooding

Which statement describes the role of flowers and plants survival?

Flowers contain cells that produce gametes

Mushrooms are type of fungus. What characteristic of fungi makes them different from plants?

Fungi are heterotrophic

When an environment has reached its carrying capacity for certain population, which of the following is true?

Growth and immigration rate is equal to death and emigration rate

Which of the following events occurs during first trimester?

Heart beat begins

To parent Holstein (black and white) cattle have multiple offspring. The firm ranges from black only white only and black-and-white. Which process best explains the variations in offspring?

Independent assortment

Which of the following is true of a zygote?

It forms into a blastocyst

Why is a mushroom considered a heterotroph?

It obtains nutrients from its environment

Which of the following best describes meiosis?

It occurs only in cells in the reproductive structures of the organism

Meat tenderizer contains an enzyme that breaks down meet. If meat is coated with tenderizer and then placed in the refrigerator, predict how the enzyme might be affected.

It would break down the meat more slowly

How would a muscle cell differ from other types of animal cells?

It would have more mitochondria then other types of animal cells

A plant species lives in an area with limited sunlight. Which psychological adaptation would be most useful to the plant?

Large leaves

What is the main function of leaves?

Leaves provide a place for photosynthesis to occur

Over time, the climate of an island became dryer, which resulted in changes to the populations of various island finch species. Finch populations with a certain beak shape were able to forage for food. The population of those not having that because shape decreased. Which of the following describes a necessary condition for these changes in the Finch population to occur?

Limited resources

Many plants have waxy coating's on something surfaces. This coding reduces water loss because it is not water permeable this waxy coating is which of the following types of organic molecule

Lipid

The drinking of alcohol beverages by a pregnant woman is harmful to the development of her fetus. This is most damaging early in the first trimester is of pregnancies because during this time

Many of the essential organs of the fetus are forming

Some people see the benefit of wind energy as a queen alternative to fossil feels for energy production. Others believe it is dangerous for migratory birds. These opinions best illustrate that decisions about alternate energy sources:

Must be made by weighing the risks and costs against the benefits

Hemophilia is a sex-linked, recessive trait. Which of the following describes the probability of hemophilia in the offspring of a man who does not have hemophilia and a woman whose father is a hemophiliac?

None of their daughters will have hemophilia

Resistance to antibiotics result from variations in the genetic code of streptococcus pneumoniae?

Nucleic acid

Two of the four principal classes of organic compounds are proteins and nucleic acid's. What is the relationship between proteins and nucleic acid's?

Nucleic acid's contain the information to make proteins

Muscle cells are responsible for

Obtaining energy so the body can perform voluntary and involuntary movement

Water has a much higher specific heat than most other Covalent compounds. What do you think might happen if water had a low specific heat instead?

Organisms that are sensitive to changes in temperature would die

When fertilizers run off farmland into streams and ponds, the nitrogen content of the water increases. This could lead to rapid growth of algae. How can this propose affect other organisms in the water?

Oxygen is used up as LG is decompose, reducing the amount available to other organisms

In which ways are photosynthesis and cellular respiration different?

Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, while cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide

After volcano irrupt and destroys an ecosystem, a few organisms are able to begin growing from the decaying organic matter left behind. What do we call those first organisms that are able to grow and little or no soil that first appear?

Pioneer species

Water is often called the universal solvent because many substances can be dissolved in water. What properties of water allow it to be such a versatile solvent?

Polarity and cohesion

Like complex carbohydrates, proteins are marcomolecules that serve many functions and can be chemically broken down and restructured. Both proteins and complex carbohydrates are which of the following?

Polymers of smaller subunits

Vaccines are weakened forms of a disease causing microorganisms, which are given to patients to prevent disease. After the vaccine is administered, what response of the vaccine is triggered in the body?

Production of anti-bodies providing active immunity

Cell structure ribosome, is paired with the following primary function:

Protein synthesis

New fossil feels are being produced by converting corn and grasses into compounds containing alcohols that can be broken down for energy and Farias engines. The purpose of this research is to

Reduce the use of resources

There are some similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. What is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Ribosome

In living organisms, lipids function mainly as:

Sources of stored energy and components of cellular membranes

In his book On the Origin of the Species, Charles Darwin described how species change over time. Which of the following is NOT part of his observations that describes the mechanisms of natural selection?

Species today descended with modifications from ancestral species.

One of the excepted scientific figure is describing the origin of life on earth is known as chemical evolution. According to this theory, which of the following events would need to occur first for life to evolve?

Synthesis of organic molecules

A human baby boy inherits a recessive allele from his mother. In which circumstance would he most likely show the trait coded by the recessive allele?

The allele is on the X chromosome

A scientist puts a nucleotide to chains of UUUUUU and a test tube under conditions allowing proteins synthesis. See you in the test tube is full of polypeptide chains composed of only of the amino acid phenylalanine. What does this experiment indicate?

The amino acid phenylalanine is composed of uracil

What is the best explanation for the difference in the cellular vacuole size between a corn plant cell and a camel cell?

The camel cells have a small vacuoles size because it does not need long-term water and electrolyte storage

What is the advantage of cells being so small?

The cell then has a larger surface area to volume ratio which means it can move nutrients into the cell and waste out more efficiently

If a cell's lysosomes were damaged, what would most likely occur?

The cell would be less able to break down molecules in its cytoplasm

Abnormalities Present in the cells that line the uterus may prevent the production of offspring by directly interfering with which process?

The development of the embryo

How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis related, in terms of energy?

The energy captured in photosynthesis is used to power cellular respiration

Small insects can walk across the surface of calm water. Their feet push the surface of the water down slightly, somewhat like a person walking across a trampoline, but they do not break the surface. Why might this happen?

The insects are light enough so that they do not break the hydrogen bonds holding the water molecules together

Angel was trying to explain carrying capacity to her mother. Which of the following descriptions is accurate? Carying capacity is:

The maximum number of individuals an ecosystem can sustain

Cells can be classified into two different categories: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Which of the following information is needed in order to determine if an organism is prokaryotic?

The organisms internal structures

An animal population decreases from 800 individuals to 600 individuals. Which of the following could explain this change in population size?

The population size of the animal's predator increased.

A builder is proposing a new housing developments in an area of Western Massachusetts. Construction of the housing development will destroy the wetland habitat in the area. Which of the following would be the most likely consequence of the wetlands destruction?

The populations of wetland animals would be an able to survive in that area

The common Brushtail possum is a marsupial native to Australia. This possum was introduced to do Zealand where it had no natural predators and had an abundant food supply. Which of these likely occurred a few years after the introduction of this possum to New Zealand?

The possum population grew to a larger size

A biologist compares how different ecosystems undergo succession. She divides the series of events that happened during primary and secondary succession into three different stages. Which feature might be used to distinguish secondary succession from primary succession?

The presence of soil and organic matter in the first stage

What best explains why enzymes are necessary for many cellular reactions?

The reactions are too slow to meet the needs of the cell if enzymes are missing

A person with swollen gums rinses his mouth with warm salt water, and the swelling decreases. What has occurred?

The water in the gums has moved out due to the high concentration of salt in the solution

Which statement represents a characteristic of an ecosystem that is not likely to sustain itself?

There are more consumers than producers.

A plant and an animal are both living things. According to the cell theory, what can you conclude about these two very different organisms?

They are both made of one or more cells

Endosymbiosis is a proposed theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells. Which of the following explains why cells that contain mitochondria - like organelles had an involuntary advantage?

They were able to make more use of available energy

What is the main purpose of seeds and plants that have them?

To protect and distribute the zygote

What choice describes DNA after replication has taken place?

Two molecules, each with one original and one new strand

Sperm are created through me oh sis and an area of the test he is called the seminiferous tubules . Through which structure do the sperm travel to exist the testes?

Vas deferens

Water is essential for life. It's special properties make water the single most important molecule and plant life. Which of the following properties of water enable it to move from the roots to the leaves of plants?

Water exhibits cohesive behavior

Many fish and aquatic plants can survive a cold winter because the layer of ice that forms at the top of the lake insulates the water below and prevents the lake from freezing solid. What unique property of water contributes to this affect?

Water expands and becomes less dense when it freezes

Water approximately 60% of the human body and plays a vital role in regulating body temperature. Which property of water makes a good at regulating temperature?

Water has a high capacity for heat

Large bodies of water, such as lakes and oceans, do not quickly fluctuate in temperature. What is the reason for this phenomenon?

Water has a high heat capacity

Many of the proteins in the human body are enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions. What is the relationship between enzymes and activation energy?

When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it decreases the activation energy of the reaction

Maria, after finding no cold sodas in the refrigerator, place a can of soda in the freezer. She then proceeded to check her social networking site and forgot about the soda. Later that evening her brother went to get some ice and it was brown. Maria soda can had split open. What is the best exclamation for this?

When the water froze, the space between hydrogen molecules expanded

Ovalbumin is a protein found in eggs. Which of the following best describes a molecular structure of ovalbumin

a chain of amino acids folded and twisted into a molecule

When Streptococcus pneumoniae are exposed to an antibiotic, the bacteria try to pump the antibiotic out of their cells. Which of the following mechanisms is most likely used by the Streptococcus pneumoniae to pump the antibiotic out of their cells?

active transport

Which process takes place in the presence of oxygen and produces nearly 20 times as much as ATP as glycolysis alone?

aerobic respiration

At what point in the cell cycle does DNA replication occur and why?

before a cell divides, to provide each of the two resulting cells with a complete set of DNA instructions

Which gas is removed from the atmosphere during photosynthesis?

carbon dioxide

What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

carbon dioxide and water

In pure water, a red blood cell from an animal will swell and burst, but a leaf cell from a plant will not. Which structure in the leaf cell is responsible for this difference?

cell wall

Which process do animals use to convert energy from food into ATP?

cellular respiration

Mitosis and meiosis are processes involved in cellular reproduction. Which of the following describes an event that results from mitosis but NOT meiosis?

daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell

Baby food manufacturers sometimes use proteases in their products. Proteases catalyze the breakdown of the proteins in these foods, making digestion easier for infants. Proteases are which of the following types of molecules?

enzyme

According to fossil records, the horses that lived 50 million years ago were much smaller, weaker and slower than modern horses. Which process is most likely responsible for the changes that have led to the increased size, strength, and speed and horses?

evolution by natural selection

What is the human embryo called after the eighth week of development?

fetus

A small portion of the population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased

genetic drift

Which structure in the leaf controls the opening and closing of the stoma?

guard cell

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is a cell structure that consists of folded membranes that contain ribosomes. What is the advantage of the folded membranes?

increases surface area in order to produce more proteins

A small population of chimpanzees lives in a habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period. How will genetic drift probably affect this population?

it will reduce genetic diversity

One way humans can promote the survival of organisms in an ecosystem is to:

learn about the interactions of population

If a plant died from lack of food, which structure is most likely missing or damaged?

leaves

What function does active transport perform in a cell?

moving substances against a concentration gradient

Mutations within a DNA sequence are

natural processes that produce genetic diversity

Which types of organisms developed first due to the early environmental conditions on Earth?

prokaryotic and anaerobic

Environmentalists are hoping to protect endangered organisms by calling for a reduction in the use of pesticides, because loss of these organisms would:

reduce biodiversity in various ecosystems

Plant cells that are specialized for cell division are most likely found in what part of the plant?

root tips

The cell membrane of the red blood cell will allow water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide to pass through. Because other substances are blocked from entering, this membrane is called:

semi-permeable

The individuality of an organism is determined by the

sequence of nitrogenous bases in deoxyribonucleic acid

A medical test indicates that a patient has a defective protein. This condition is most likely due to a change in a directions coded in the:

sequence of subunits in DNA

Which type of reproduction leads to increased genetic variation on a population?

sexual reproduction

How are sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction different from each other?

sexual reproduction requires two parents and asexual reproduction requires only one parent

The water cycle would not occur if which of the following were missing?

solar energy

Which of the following carries amino acids to the site of protein synthesis?

tRNA

Which characteristic do most plants have in common?

they are autotrophic

Which of the following phrases best describes cancer?

uncontrolled cell growth caused by mutations in genes that control the cell cycle

One way that humans could have a positive impact on local environments is to:

use resources that are renewable

What function does ATP carry out in living things?

used to capture and transfer energy

A scientist wants to change the DNA of a sexually reproducing organism and have the new DNA present in every cell of the organism. In order to do this after fertilization, she would change the DNA and which of the following?

zygote