Bio eoc SG
One of the parents of a child has phenylketonuria (PKU), which is caused by autosomal recessive alleles. The other parent does not have the PKU alleles. What is the chance of the couple will have a child with PKU?
0%
If 20% of a DNA sample is made up of thymine, T, what percentage of the sample is made up of cytosine, C?
30%
Hitchhikers thumb is dominant to know hitchhikers thumb. A woman who does not have her check her stomach where is the man who is heterozygous for hitchhikers thumb. What is the probable genotypic ratio of their children?
50% Hh: 50% hh
In pea plants, the trait for tall stems is dominant over the trait for short stems. If two heterozygous tall plants are crossed, what percentage of the offspring would be expected to have the same phenotype as the parents?
75%
If several species of carnivores are removed from an ecosystem, the most likely effect on the ecosystem will be:
A decrease in stability among populations
A specific type of cell is being studied by a scientist. She notices the cell contains a nucleus, lysosomes, a cell membrane and a cell wall. What is the correct classification of the cell?
A eukaryotic plant cell
The rate at which blood flows through the human body changes in response to many factors. Which statement describes one of these factors and its affect on blood flow?
A high viscosity of blood causes an increase resistance in the blood vessels and leads to slow blood flow
Which of the following describes fertilization
A sperm joining an egg to form a zygote
If the xylem of a young tree is damaged, what process is first affected?
Absorbing water from the soil
The combined observations of Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann amd Rudolph Virchow resulted in the formation of the cell theory. What is part of the cell theory?
All cells come from other living cells, all living organisms are made of one or more cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function of all living things.
Which of the following best illustrates natural selection?
An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully.
Coyotes are opportunistic predators that are found throughout most of North America. They typically feed on small mammals, insects, and fruits and vegetables. There are known for their dietary adaptability. The best description of the role in the food web would be:
And omnivore
How do human diseases caused by bacteria and diseases caused by viruses react to antibiotics?
Bacterial diseases respond to antibiotics; viral diseases do not
On remote islands, immigration and emigration usually do not have a large effect on population sizes. A bird population on a remote island remains at a relatively constant size year after year. Which of the following most likely describes the birth rate and the death rate for this population?
Birthrate and death rate or close to equal
Which type of cells have genetic material that is contained in a nucleus?
Both plant and animal cells
Many Protists are single celled organisms, as are bacteria. However, protists and bacteria are in different biological kingdoms.
Both protists and bacteria can be motile. Both protists and bacteria or microorganisms. Protists and bacteria may be photosynthetic.
Using a microscope in the science lab, Jill observed to unknown cells: cell 1 and cell 2. So one she identified as a plant cell and sell to as an animal cell. Her teacher told her she identified the cells correctly. What did Jill most likely observe to correctly identify the cells?
Cell one had a cell wall. Cell two did not.
Cell theory was first proposed in 1838. Evidence obtained through additional scientific investigations resulted in the current cell theory. Which statement describes a component of the original cell theory that was removed because of the new scientific knowledge?
Cells form through spontaneous generation
Competition between two species occurs when:
Chipmunks and squirrels eat sunflower seeds in a garden
Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection and a sub species of giraffes that is a geographically isolated from other sub species of giraffes?
Chromosome number
A florist place is a bouquet of white carnations and water containing blue dye. After time, the flower turns blue what process helps the carnations to change color?
Cohesion and adhesion of water molecules
Jim was told that he might need to go on medication if his blood pressure continues to be high. What causes blood pressure?
Contraction of the ventricles in the heart
What is the relationship between DNA and proteins in a cell
DNA controls of the production of proteins in the cell
Leaves fall from desiduous trees in autumn . The carbon in these leaves is returned to the atmosphere through which of the following processes?
Decomposition
The presence of wastes, such as plastic bags and motor oil, and lakes and streams miles away from developed areas suggest that:
Ecosystems are interconnected and human action can alter ecosystem equilibrium
What contains complex, membrane-bound organelles?
Eukaryotic
Jenna studying a population of fish found in a pond that has a decreasing caring capacity. Which of the following factors would not increase the carrying capacity of her fish?
Flooding
Which statement describes the role of flowers and plants survival?
Flowers contain cells that produce gametes
Mushrooms are type of fungus. What characteristic of fungi makes them different from plants?
Fungi are heterotrophic
When an environment has reached its carrying capacity for certain population, which of the following is true?
Growth and immigration rate is equal to death and emigration rate
Which of the following events occurs during first trimester?
Heart beat begins
To parent Holstein (black and white) cattle have multiple offspring. The firm ranges from black only white only and black-and-white. Which process best explains the variations in offspring?
Independent assortment
Which of the following is true of a zygote?
It forms into a blastocyst
Why is a mushroom considered a heterotroph?
It obtains nutrients from its environment
Which of the following best describes meiosis?
It occurs only in cells in the reproductive structures of the organism
Meat tenderizer contains an enzyme that breaks down meet. If meat is coated with tenderizer and then placed in the refrigerator, predict how the enzyme might be affected.
It would break down the meat more slowly
How would a muscle cell differ from other types of animal cells?
It would have more mitochondria then other types of animal cells
A plant species lives in an area with limited sunlight. Which psychological adaptation would be most useful to the plant?
Large leaves
What is the main function of leaves?
Leaves provide a place for photosynthesis to occur
Over time, the climate of an island became dryer, which resulted in changes to the populations of various island finch species. Finch populations with a certain beak shape were able to forage for food. The population of those not having that because shape decreased. Which of the following describes a necessary condition for these changes in the Finch population to occur?
Limited resources
Many plants have waxy coating's on something surfaces. This coding reduces water loss because it is not water permeable this waxy coating is which of the following types of organic molecule
Lipid
The drinking of alcohol beverages by a pregnant woman is harmful to the development of her fetus. This is most damaging early in the first trimester is of pregnancies because during this time
Many of the essential organs of the fetus are forming
Some people see the benefit of wind energy as a queen alternative to fossil feels for energy production. Others believe it is dangerous for migratory birds. These opinions best illustrate that decisions about alternate energy sources:
Must be made by weighing the risks and costs against the benefits
Hemophilia is a sex-linked, recessive trait. Which of the following describes the probability of hemophilia in the offspring of a man who does not have hemophilia and a woman whose father is a hemophiliac?
None of their daughters will have hemophilia
Resistance to antibiotics result from variations in the genetic code of streptococcus pneumoniae?
Nucleic acid
Two of the four principal classes of organic compounds are proteins and nucleic acid's. What is the relationship between proteins and nucleic acid's?
Nucleic acid's contain the information to make proteins
Muscle cells are responsible for
Obtaining energy so the body can perform voluntary and involuntary movement
Water has a much higher specific heat than most other Covalent compounds. What do you think might happen if water had a low specific heat instead?
Organisms that are sensitive to changes in temperature would die
When fertilizers run off farmland into streams and ponds, the nitrogen content of the water increases. This could lead to rapid growth of algae. How can this propose affect other organisms in the water?
Oxygen is used up as LG is decompose, reducing the amount available to other organisms
In which ways are photosynthesis and cellular respiration different?
Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, while cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide
After volcano irrupt and destroys an ecosystem, a few organisms are able to begin growing from the decaying organic matter left behind. What do we call those first organisms that are able to grow and little or no soil that first appear?
Pioneer species
Water is often called the universal solvent because many substances can be dissolved in water. What properties of water allow it to be such a versatile solvent?
Polarity and cohesion
Like complex carbohydrates, proteins are marcomolecules that serve many functions and can be chemically broken down and restructured. Both proteins and complex carbohydrates are which of the following?
Polymers of smaller subunits
Vaccines are weakened forms of a disease causing microorganisms, which are given to patients to prevent disease. After the vaccine is administered, what response of the vaccine is triggered in the body?
Production of anti-bodies providing active immunity
Cell structure ribosome, is paired with the following primary function:
Protein synthesis
New fossil feels are being produced by converting corn and grasses into compounds containing alcohols that can be broken down for energy and Farias engines. The purpose of this research is to
Reduce the use of resources
There are some similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. What is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Ribosome
In living organisms, lipids function mainly as:
Sources of stored energy and components of cellular membranes
In his book On the Origin of the Species, Charles Darwin described how species change over time. Which of the following is NOT part of his observations that describes the mechanisms of natural selection?
Species today descended with modifications from ancestral species.
One of the excepted scientific figure is describing the origin of life on earth is known as chemical evolution. According to this theory, which of the following events would need to occur first for life to evolve?
Synthesis of organic molecules
A human baby boy inherits a recessive allele from his mother. In which circumstance would he most likely show the trait coded by the recessive allele?
The allele is on the X chromosome
A scientist puts a nucleotide to chains of UUUUUU and a test tube under conditions allowing proteins synthesis. See you in the test tube is full of polypeptide chains composed of only of the amino acid phenylalanine. What does this experiment indicate?
The amino acid phenylalanine is composed of uracil
What is the best explanation for the difference in the cellular vacuole size between a corn plant cell and a camel cell?
The camel cells have a small vacuoles size because it does not need long-term water and electrolyte storage
What is the advantage of cells being so small?
The cell then has a larger surface area to volume ratio which means it can move nutrients into the cell and waste out more efficiently
If a cell's lysosomes were damaged, what would most likely occur?
The cell would be less able to break down molecules in its cytoplasm
Abnormalities Present in the cells that line the uterus may prevent the production of offspring by directly interfering with which process?
The development of the embryo
How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis related, in terms of energy?
The energy captured in photosynthesis is used to power cellular respiration
Small insects can walk across the surface of calm water. Their feet push the surface of the water down slightly, somewhat like a person walking across a trampoline, but they do not break the surface. Why might this happen?
The insects are light enough so that they do not break the hydrogen bonds holding the water molecules together
Angel was trying to explain carrying capacity to her mother. Which of the following descriptions is accurate? Carying capacity is:
The maximum number of individuals an ecosystem can sustain
Cells can be classified into two different categories: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Which of the following information is needed in order to determine if an organism is prokaryotic?
The organisms internal structures
An animal population decreases from 800 individuals to 600 individuals. Which of the following could explain this change in population size?
The population size of the animal's predator increased.
A builder is proposing a new housing developments in an area of Western Massachusetts. Construction of the housing development will destroy the wetland habitat in the area. Which of the following would be the most likely consequence of the wetlands destruction?
The populations of wetland animals would be an able to survive in that area
The common Brushtail possum is a marsupial native to Australia. This possum was introduced to do Zealand where it had no natural predators and had an abundant food supply. Which of these likely occurred a few years after the introduction of this possum to New Zealand?
The possum population grew to a larger size
A biologist compares how different ecosystems undergo succession. She divides the series of events that happened during primary and secondary succession into three different stages. Which feature might be used to distinguish secondary succession from primary succession?
The presence of soil and organic matter in the first stage
What best explains why enzymes are necessary for many cellular reactions?
The reactions are too slow to meet the needs of the cell if enzymes are missing
A person with swollen gums rinses his mouth with warm salt water, and the swelling decreases. What has occurred?
The water in the gums has moved out due to the high concentration of salt in the solution
Which statement represents a characteristic of an ecosystem that is not likely to sustain itself?
There are more consumers than producers.
A plant and an animal are both living things. According to the cell theory, what can you conclude about these two very different organisms?
They are both made of one or more cells
Endosymbiosis is a proposed theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells. Which of the following explains why cells that contain mitochondria - like organelles had an involuntary advantage?
They were able to make more use of available energy
What is the main purpose of seeds and plants that have them?
To protect and distribute the zygote
What choice describes DNA after replication has taken place?
Two molecules, each with one original and one new strand
Sperm are created through me oh sis and an area of the test he is called the seminiferous tubules . Through which structure do the sperm travel to exist the testes?
Vas deferens
Water is essential for life. It's special properties make water the single most important molecule and plant life. Which of the following properties of water enable it to move from the roots to the leaves of plants?
Water exhibits cohesive behavior
Many fish and aquatic plants can survive a cold winter because the layer of ice that forms at the top of the lake insulates the water below and prevents the lake from freezing solid. What unique property of water contributes to this affect?
Water expands and becomes less dense when it freezes
Water approximately 60% of the human body and plays a vital role in regulating body temperature. Which property of water makes a good at regulating temperature?
Water has a high capacity for heat
Large bodies of water, such as lakes and oceans, do not quickly fluctuate in temperature. What is the reason for this phenomenon?
Water has a high heat capacity
Many of the proteins in the human body are enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions. What is the relationship between enzymes and activation energy?
When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it decreases the activation energy of the reaction
Maria, after finding no cold sodas in the refrigerator, place a can of soda in the freezer. She then proceeded to check her social networking site and forgot about the soda. Later that evening her brother went to get some ice and it was brown. Maria soda can had split open. What is the best exclamation for this?
When the water froze, the space between hydrogen molecules expanded
Ovalbumin is a protein found in eggs. Which of the following best describes a molecular structure of ovalbumin
a chain of amino acids folded and twisted into a molecule
When Streptococcus pneumoniae are exposed to an antibiotic, the bacteria try to pump the antibiotic out of their cells. Which of the following mechanisms is most likely used by the Streptococcus pneumoniae to pump the antibiotic out of their cells?
active transport
Which process takes place in the presence of oxygen and produces nearly 20 times as much as ATP as glycolysis alone?
aerobic respiration
At what point in the cell cycle does DNA replication occur and why?
before a cell divides, to provide each of the two resulting cells with a complete set of DNA instructions
Which gas is removed from the atmosphere during photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide
What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide and water
In pure water, a red blood cell from an animal will swell and burst, but a leaf cell from a plant will not. Which structure in the leaf cell is responsible for this difference?
cell wall
Which process do animals use to convert energy from food into ATP?
cellular respiration
Mitosis and meiosis are processes involved in cellular reproduction. Which of the following describes an event that results from mitosis but NOT meiosis?
daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell
Baby food manufacturers sometimes use proteases in their products. Proteases catalyze the breakdown of the proteins in these foods, making digestion easier for infants. Proteases are which of the following types of molecules?
enzyme
According to fossil records, the horses that lived 50 million years ago were much smaller, weaker and slower than modern horses. Which process is most likely responsible for the changes that have led to the increased size, strength, and speed and horses?
evolution by natural selection
What is the human embryo called after the eighth week of development?
fetus
A small portion of the population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
genetic drift
Which structure in the leaf controls the opening and closing of the stoma?
guard cell
The rough endoplasmic reticulum is a cell structure that consists of folded membranes that contain ribosomes. What is the advantage of the folded membranes?
increases surface area in order to produce more proteins
A small population of chimpanzees lives in a habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period. How will genetic drift probably affect this population?
it will reduce genetic diversity
One way humans can promote the survival of organisms in an ecosystem is to:
learn about the interactions of population
If a plant died from lack of food, which structure is most likely missing or damaged?
leaves
What function does active transport perform in a cell?
moving substances against a concentration gradient
Mutations within a DNA sequence are
natural processes that produce genetic diversity
Which types of organisms developed first due to the early environmental conditions on Earth?
prokaryotic and anaerobic
Environmentalists are hoping to protect endangered organisms by calling for a reduction in the use of pesticides, because loss of these organisms would:
reduce biodiversity in various ecosystems
Plant cells that are specialized for cell division are most likely found in what part of the plant?
root tips
The cell membrane of the red blood cell will allow water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide to pass through. Because other substances are blocked from entering, this membrane is called:
semi-permeable
The individuality of an organism is determined by the
sequence of nitrogenous bases in deoxyribonucleic acid
A medical test indicates that a patient has a defective protein. This condition is most likely due to a change in a directions coded in the:
sequence of subunits in DNA
Which type of reproduction leads to increased genetic variation on a population?
sexual reproduction
How are sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction different from each other?
sexual reproduction requires two parents and asexual reproduction requires only one parent
The water cycle would not occur if which of the following were missing?
solar energy
Which of the following carries amino acids to the site of protein synthesis?
tRNA
Which characteristic do most plants have in common?
they are autotrophic
Which of the following phrases best describes cancer?
uncontrolled cell growth caused by mutations in genes that control the cell cycle
One way that humans could have a positive impact on local environments is to:
use resources that are renewable
What function does ATP carry out in living things?
used to capture and transfer energy
A scientist wants to change the DNA of a sexually reproducing organism and have the new DNA present in every cell of the organism. In order to do this after fertilization, she would change the DNA and which of the following?
zygote