BIO EXAM 2 GUIDE

Molecules move from greater to lesser concentration through a carrier protein in

facilitated diffusion

Sucrose, cellulose, amino acids, and starch are all made from what molecule in plants?

glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P)

The changing of an enzyme's shape as the substrate binds to the active site is called the

induced fit model.

Activation energy

is the energy required for molecules to react with each other.

What process allows water to move across a cell membrane?

osmosis

A white blood cell surrounds and engulfs a worn-out red blood cell. This process is called

phagocytosis

Energy to drive the formation of ATP in photosynthesis is derived from

the H+ gradient.

Photosynthesis takes place in which organelle?

Chloroplast

Which of the following statements correctly describes an energy transformation in living organisms?

Chloroplasts convert solar energy to the chemical energy of nutrient molecules.

Replacement electrons for PS I come from which of the following?

Electron transport chain

Where does the chloroplast get the H ions needed for ATP synthase?

Electron transport chain and the splitting of water

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the first law of thermodynamics?

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another.

Which of the following is a mechanism used to regulate enzyme activity?

Feedback inhibition.

The light reactions of photosynthesis are said to be similar to a battery because they form a current. In which direction do the electrons of this circuit flow?

H2O > PSII > electron transport chain > PSI > electron transport train > NADPH

During photosynthesis, __________ is oxidized and __________ is reduced.

H2O; CO2

The production of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) in the Calvin cycle requires six molecules each of ATP and NADPH. Another three molecules of ATP are then used in the cycle. What is the purpose of the three additional ATP molecules?

To regenerate the starter molecule RuBP.

ATP releases energy when

a phosphate is removed.

The part of the enzyme into which the substrate fits is called the

active site.

In photosynthesis, the light reactions __________ while the Calvin cycle __________.

capture solar energy; converts the captured energy to chemical potential energy

The light-harvesting complexes of a chloroplast are located in the __________; the enzymes of the Calvin cycle reactions are located in the ___________.

thylakoid membrane; stroma