Bio EXAM 2 homeworks

There are over 100 alleles known for the gene associated with cystic fibrosis. With current technology, it is possible to determine exactly which allele or alleles is/are carried by a person. What is the maximum number of different alleles that any person can carry?

2

serves as a master control gene that functions during embryonic development by controlling the developmental fate of groups of cells

A homeotic gene

Which of the following events occurs during transcription?

A molecule of RNA is formed based on the sequence of nucleotides in DNA.

An anticodon is _____.

An anticodon is _____. a set of triplet bases that is complementary to a codon triplet on mRNA

In female mammals, the inactive X chromosome in each cell

Becomes a Barr body

Since the first animal was produced using a fully differentiated cell, a number of observations have been made. Which of the following statements is true in regard to reproductive cloning?

Cloned animals often develop chronic conditions that are usually only associated with old age.

Alternative RNA splicing has revealed inaccuracies in the one gene:one polypeptide hypothesis. Why?

Transcription of the same gene can lead to the production of different mRNAs and therefore different proteins.

If the gene for seed color that Mendel studied exhibited pleiotropy, how might a green pea be different from a yellow pea?

With pleiotropy, there would be other differences between the peas - for example, green peas may also be larger, ripen earlier, and be more sensitive to frost.

Proteomics studies __________.

all of the proteins encoded in a genome

Which of the following is found in RNA but not in DN

an additional hydroxyl group

During the Polymerase Chain Reaction, the two strands of DNA are separated by __________.

applying heat: this breaks the hydrogen bonds connecting the DNA strands

Which of the following conditions would prevent cell division due to density-dependent factors?

being completely surrounded by other cells

The fragments produced by most restriction enzymes have _____.

complementary single stranded ends

In eukaryotes, gene expression is regulated mostly by _____.

controlling the transcription of genes

In bacterial cells, binary fission involves _________

distribution of a copy of the single parental chromosome to each daughter cell

occurs when a bacterium carrying a recombinant plasmid reproduces, thus allowing for the production of multiple copies of the recombinant plasmid.

gene cloning

In eukaryotic cells, the RNA is processed before it leaves the nucleus. This processing _____.

includes the addition of a cap and tail, which protect the mRNA molecule from enzymatic attack, and the removal of introns

Because it is passed essentially intact from father to son, Y chromosome research has been particularly useful in improving our understanding of __________.

recent human evolution

cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences

restriction enzymes

Researchers have used yeast mating systems as model systems to study ____

signal transduction systems

When genetic variation in one nucleotide is found in at least 1% of the population, it is known as a

single nucleotide polymorphism

An example of a cell that is 2n is a __________.

somatic cell

Hershey and Chase were able to differentiate between proteins and nucleic acids using radioactive atoms of elements found only in those macromolecules. Which of the following would be found only in proteins?

sulfur

What genetic information does cDNA contain?

the DNA sequence of expressed genes

After translation is complete, the insulin polypeptide is activated by _____.

the cutting of the initial translation product to yield two shorter chains joined together by sulfur linkages

The process of accurately amplifying a sample of DNA is called __________________________.

the polymerase chain reaction

In a monohybrid cross, F2 refers to __________.

the second filial generation, or the "grandchildren" of the original mating pair

During the lytic cycle, but not the lysogenic cycle, _____.

whole viruses leave the host cell to infect other cells

Consider the cell cycle shown below. Cells will usually divide if they receive the proper signal at a checkpoint in the __________ phase of the cell cycle.

G1

You suspect that a serious developmental disorder is due to a chromosome abnormality and prepare a karyotype from an affected individual. In analyzing the karyotype, how could you distinguish trisomy from a chromosome structural defect such as a duplication?

In trisomy there would be one extra chromosome; in a duplication, the number of chromosomes would be normal, but one chromosome would have two copies of a portion of the chromosome.

Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling allow for ________ and ________ of the fetus so that it can be tested for abnormalities.

karyotyping and biochemical testing

Small pieces of RNA that can regulate translation of mRNA are called

microRNA

A supplemental appendix is to a book as a ____________ is to a bacterial chromosom

plasmid