BIO Exam 3
About how much blood does a typical human adult have?
5 liters
How do allergens elicit allergy symptoms?
Allergens bind to antibodies embedded in the surface of mast cells, which triggers the mast cells to release histamine.
Which is not a function of the circulatory system? A - To distribute heat throughout the body B - To produce and store all of the immune system cells C - To transport nutrients to the cells and to remove wastes from the cells D - To carry chemical signals, such as hormones, throughout the body
B
Which type of white blood cells produces defensive proteins called antibodies?
B cells
T/F: Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the alveoli and into the pulmonary capillaries, while oxygen diffuses out of the pulmonary capillaries and into the alveolar sacs.
False
T/F: If you cut your skin, damaged cells release chemicals to initiate blood clotting. Formation of a blood clot stimulates additional chemical release, which accelerates the clotting process. This is an example of a negative feedback mechanism.
False
T/F: Proteins are made from 20 different amino acids. All 20 are essential as part of a healthy diet
False
T/F: Urine leaves the kidney though the renal vein.
False
How is it that red blood cells can bind oxygen in the lungs but then offload it near body cells that need it?
Oxygen diffuses into or out of the blood following its concentration gradient.
What moves the food from your mouth to your stomach when you swallow?
Peristaltic muscle contractions
In what way can the human circulatory system be described as double circulation?
The human cardiovascular system includes the pulmonary circuit and a systemic circuit.
What is the purpose of dialysis treatments?
To detoxify dangerous chemicals in the bloodstream
T/F: Animals regulate their internal environments in a way that maintains relative stability in response to changes in their external environments. This tendency, called "homeostasis," is most often maintained by negative feedback mechanisms.
True
T/F: Blood clotting depends on bits of cells pinched off from larger cells in the bone marrow.
True
T/F: During diastole, the heart muscles relax; during systole, the atria and ventricles contract sequentially
True
T/F: Epithelial tissues cover most body surfaces and form the inner lining for most body cavities
True
T/F: This is the correct pathway of blood through the heart: Body → Right Atrium → Right Ventricle → Lungs → Left Atrium → Left Ventricle → Body
True
Scurvy is caused by a lack of which nutrient?
Vitamin C
What causes a stomach ulcer?
a bacterial infection
Heartburn is actually __________
acid reflux
What is the condition called when your body's immune system overreacts to an otherwise harmless foreign particle?
allergy
The term interface can be used to describe the surface across which molecules and ions are exchanged, often diffusing between external and internal environments or between organ systems. What part of the respiratory system forms the interface between the respiratory system and the circulatory system?
alveolli
The human circulatory system constitutes _________
an organ system
The main function of this substance is to aid in the digestion of fat
bile
An essential nutrient is specifically a nutrient that your body _______
cannot make by itself
Which are the thinnest blood vessels?
capillaries
What is the role of the epithelium?
covers exposed body surfaces
what feature is not directly involved in the clotting process.
hemoglobin
Maintaining a steady state internal environment, despite a changing external environment, is called ________
homeostasis
There are many organs and glands of the endocrine system, but which one is the master controller?
hypothalamus
What type of disorder is AIDS?
immunodeficiency
Most of the absorption of food nutrients takes place ________
in the small intestine
Blood clotting depends on bits of cells pinched off from larger cells in the bone marrow.
inflammatory disease
The pulmonary circuit specifically circulates blood to the _______
lungs
Which of the following is NOT part of your innate immune system?
lymphocytes
Vaccines can convey long-term immunity because they stimulate the production of _________
memory cells
Which accessory organ's secretions neutralize stomach acid before it reaches the intestines?
pancreas
What is the role of the epiglottis?
prevents food from entering the windpipe
Identify the primary role of the lymphatic system
produce and store large numbers of white blood cells
Most of the absorption of nutrients (besides water) takes place in the _______
small intestine
Following an injury to your hand, the injured area appears red and swollen. It feels painful and warm to the touch. What is the cause of these symptoms?
the inflammatory response
Choose the defining characteristic of all arteries.
they only carry blood away from the heart
What is the role of the villi?
to move food along the digestive tract
T/F: Insulin and glucagon work together to regulate blood glucose levels. This is an example of a negative feedback circuit.
true
Which form of diabetes would require regular injections of insulin?
type 1
What is the name of the tubes that run from the kidneys to the bladder?
ureters
Which medication prevents viral infections by priming the immune system against a specific virus?
vaccine
Urine contains mostly ________
water
