BIO Exam 3
Evolution can be described as
A change in the genetic characteristics of a population of organisms over time
In a small population of beetles, some of the beetles were brown and others were green. A volcano erupted nearby. By chance, most of the beetles that survived were green. This is an example of
A genetic bottleneck and genetic drift
The function of genes is to control the production of
All proteins
Which of the lettered arrows in the diagram of translation below indicates a codon?
D (GGG on the bottom)
A population of rodents displays a variety of body sizes. The smallest individuals can easily hide from predators. The larger individuals sometimes do not find enough food to support their larger body size and have fewer hiding spots. What kind of natural selection do you think will result?
Directional sleection
In a shallow bay, a population of oysters is the food source for the local crabs. The lightest colored oysters blend with the color of the rocks, and the darkest colored oysters are concealed in the shadows cast by the rocks. Oysters with an intermediate coloring are easily detected by the crabs and become a tasty meal for them. Over time, fewer and fewer oysters display the intermediate coloring, while more oysters are either the lightest coloring or the darkest coloring. This is an example of
Disruptive selection
Which of the following is NOT a feature of the genetic code?
Every individual has a different genetic code. (It's same)
Which of the following is the best description of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?
Fast, artificial DNA replication
Horizontal gene transfer is an example of
Gene flow
Flowing gene pic
Gene transfer
Which of the following is NOT one of the main mechanisms of evolution?
Horizontal gene transfer
During RNA splicing, ___ are cut out of the RNA strand, and then the _____ are joined together.
Introns; exons
What does the gene regulation allow a cell to do?
It enables the cell to change which gene and how much a gene is expressed
The following figure illustrates DNA undergoing replication. The region indicated by the arrow represents a
Mismatch error
Which of the following is the correct order of compaction from least compact to most compact?
Naked DNA, nucleosome, beads on a string, chromatin fiber, chromosome
The central driver of evolution is
Natural selection
Natural selection acts directly on ____ that increase survival and reproductive success
Phenotypes
DNA technology can be used with all organisms because they all
Share the same chemical DNA structure
When robins lay a clutch of more than four eggs, their chicks are often malnourished because they have so many to feed. If the robins lay fewer than four eggs, they may not have any viable offspring. As a result, robins typically lay a clutch of four eggs. This is an example of
Stabilizing skecetion
Given the sequence of nucleotides in the template strand of DNA below, choose the correct complementary strand: ACG CAT GTG
TGC GTA CAC (mRNA replaces A with U)
The CRISPR method for genome editing uses a system made up of what molecules?
Two RNA molecules plus Cas9 proteins
Which of the following is NOT a base found in DNA?
Uracil
The two strands below are both involved in transcription and/or translation. Which strand is the template strand? Which strand is the mRNA strand?
Y; X (mRNA cuz has U)
During transcription,
a template strand of DNA directs the production of an mRNA molecule.
Each set of three bases in an mRNA molecule codes for one of 20 specific
amino acids
The order of the bases in DNA determines the order of the
amino acids in mRNA
Convergent evolution produces
analogous traits
The information in a gene is encoded by the
base sequences of the gene's DNA.
Disruptive selection operates whenever
both extremes of the phenotype are more successful.
The importance of tRNA is that it
carries a specific amino acid to the mRNA
Convergent evolution occurs when natural selection causes distantly related organisms to
evolve similar structures in response to similar environmental challenges
Gene regulation is the ability to
increase or decrease protein synthesis from a given gene
Which of the following is the only one that can generate new alleles?
mutation
Which of the following is true with regard to mutations?
mutations appear without regard to environmental pressures
A smartphone app converts spoken English into Spanish. This is similar to the process by which ________ are converted into ________.
nitrogenous bases in mRNA; a sequence of amino acids
A detective finds a miniscule spot of blood on a murder suspect's shirt. What method would she expect the police lab to use to get enough DNA from the blood droplet to perform DNA fingerprinting?
polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to
produce many copies of a selected DNA sequence
Damaged DNA may be repaired by a special class of
proteins
Consider a build-at-home bookshelf that comes with instructions and various pieces of wood as an analogy for translation. In this analogy, what would best match the job of the ribosome?
the person building the bookshelf
Which of the following is the best and most basic description of what gene expression is?
the process in which the protein coded for by a gene in the DNA is converted to that specific protein
Which of the following does NOT take place in the nucleus?
translation
The sequence of DNA differs among individuals within a species. This is the reason for
variations in phenotypes