BIO Exam 3

Evolution can be described as

A change in the genetic characteristics of a population of organisms over time

In a small population of beetles, some of the beetles were brown and others were green. A volcano erupted nearby. By chance, most of the beetles that survived were green. This is an example of

A genetic bottleneck and genetic drift

The function of genes is to control the production of

All proteins

Which of the lettered arrows in the diagram of translation below indicates a codon?

D (GGG on the bottom)

A population of rodents displays a variety of body sizes. The smallest individuals can easily hide from predators. The larger individuals sometimes do not find enough food to support their larger body size and have fewer hiding spots. What kind of natural selection do you think will result?

Directional sleection

In a shallow bay, a population of oysters is the food source for the local crabs. The lightest colored oysters blend with the color of the rocks, and the darkest colored oysters are concealed in the shadows cast by the rocks. Oysters with an intermediate coloring are easily detected by the crabs and become a tasty meal for them. Over time, fewer and fewer oysters display the intermediate coloring, while more oysters are either the lightest coloring or the darkest coloring. This is an example of

Disruptive selection

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the genetic code?

Every individual has a different genetic code. (It's same)

Which of the following is the best description of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

Fast, artificial DNA replication

Horizontal gene transfer is an example of

Gene flow

Flowing gene pic

Gene transfer

Which of the following is NOT one of the main mechanisms of evolution?

Horizontal gene transfer

During RNA splicing, ___ are cut out of the RNA strand, and then the _____ are joined together.

Introns; exons

What does the gene regulation allow a cell to do?

It enables the cell to change which gene and how much a gene is expressed

The following figure illustrates DNA undergoing replication. The region indicated by the arrow represents a

Mismatch error

Which of the following is the correct order of compaction from least compact to most compact?

Naked DNA, nucleosome, beads on a string, chromatin fiber, chromosome

The central driver of evolution is

Natural selection

Natural selection acts directly on ____ that increase survival and reproductive success

Phenotypes

DNA technology can be used with all organisms because they all

Share the same chemical DNA structure

When robins lay a clutch of more than four eggs, their chicks are often malnourished because they have so many to feed. If the robins lay fewer than four eggs, they may not have any viable offspring. As a result, robins typically lay a clutch of four eggs. This is an example of

Stabilizing skecetion

Given the sequence of nucleotides in the template strand of DNA below, choose the correct complementary strand: ACG CAT GTG

TGC GTA CAC (mRNA replaces A with U)

The CRISPR method for genome editing uses a system made up of what molecules?

Two RNA molecules plus Cas9 proteins

Which of the following is NOT a base found in DNA?

Uracil

The two strands below are both involved in transcription and/or translation. Which strand is the template strand? Which strand is the mRNA strand?

Y; X (mRNA cuz has U)

During transcription,

a template strand of DNA directs the production of an mRNA molecule.

Each set of three bases in an mRNA molecule codes for one of 20 specific

amino acids

The order of the bases in DNA determines the order of the

amino acids in mRNA

Convergent evolution produces

analogous traits

The information in a gene is encoded by the

base sequences of the gene's DNA.

Disruptive selection operates whenever

both extremes of the phenotype are more successful.

The importance of tRNA is that it

carries a specific amino acid to the mRNA

Convergent evolution occurs when natural selection causes distantly related organisms to

evolve similar structures in response to similar environmental challenges

Gene regulation is the ability to

increase or decrease protein synthesis from a given gene

Which of the following is the only one that can generate new alleles?

mutation

Which of the following is true with regard to mutations?

mutations appear without regard to environmental pressures

A smartphone app converts spoken English into Spanish. This is similar to the process by which ________ are converted into ________.

nitrogenous bases in mRNA; a sequence of amino acids

A detective finds a miniscule spot of blood on a murder suspect's shirt. What method would she expect the police lab to use to get enough DNA from the blood droplet to perform DNA fingerprinting?

polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to

produce many copies of a selected DNA sequence

Damaged DNA may be repaired by a special class of

proteins

Consider a build-at-home bookshelf that comes with instructions and various pieces of wood as an analogy for translation. In this analogy, what would best match the job of the ribosome?

the person building the bookshelf

Which of the following is the best and most basic description of what gene expression is?

the process in which the protein coded for by a gene in the DNA is converted to that specific protein

Which of the following does NOT take place in the nucleus?

translation

The sequence of DNA differs among individuals within a species. This is the reason for

variations in phenotypes