Bio Exam 4 review

Place these groups of plants in order of species diversity from most diverse to least diverse

1. Angiosperms 2. Seedless non-vascular plants 3. Seedless vascular plants 4. Gymnosperms

Which of the following statements correctly describes a portion of the pine life cycle?

Female gametophytes use mitosis to produce eggs

Which of the following best describes why there is currently no vaccine for HIV?

HIV evolves very rapidly

Plants must take in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere for photosynthesis, but the waxy substance that covers the plant to prevent water loss also prevents the exchange of gases. What structures found in modern plant circumvent this problem?

Stomata

A population of viruses with similar characteristics is called a__________.

Strain

Plants faced challenges moving onto land, name one

Support for areal tissues Movement of nutrients from soil to tissues Reproduction in a dry environment Loss of water to atmosphere

Which of the following is characteristic of the lytic cycle?

The virus-host relationship usually lasts for generations

Which of the following supports the argument that viruses are NON-living?

They are not cellular

Most moss gametophytes do not have a cuticle and are 1-2 cells thick. What does this imply about moss gametophytes and their structure?

They can easily lose water to, and absorb water from, the atomosphere

Gymnosperms tend to live in even-aged stands. Why?

They regenerate after forest fires

Liverworts, hornworts, and mosses are grouped together as Bryophytes. Besides not having vascular tissue, what do they have in common?

They require water for reproduction

Put these vascular tissues into order based on their appearance in evolutionary time. Water conducting cells lined with cellulose

1. Water conducting cells lined with cellulose 2. Water conducting cells lined with lignin 3. Tracheids 4. Vessel elements

Which of the following statements about emerging viruses is true?

Emerging viruses can arise by switching host species or by genome arrangement

Biologists hypothesize that the first land plants had a low, sprawling growth habit. Which of the following statements support this hypothesis?

To obtain water, the first land plants had to keep their tissues in direct contact with moist soil

True or False: Ebola, which resides in wild animals but reemerges in humans periodically, is considered a zoonotic disease.

True

True or False: Plant gametangia are multicellular.

True

True or False: Plants consume sugar to carryout life's processes and, therefore, respire CO2 into the air

True

True or False: The common cold is a RNA virus.

True

Which of the following statements best describes the action of vaccines?

Vaccines contain antigens that stimulate the immune system cells and "prime" the immune system for a subsequent infection with a particular virus

In alternation of generations the gametophyte arises from ______________________.

a spore

Virulence is defined as the _____________.

ability to cause disease

The function of flower petals is to___________.

aid in attracting a pollinator

Name one advantage of seeds over spores.

aid in disperal allow for prolonged dormancy resist desiccation

Name an advantage for Alternation of Generations in plants

allows for more outcrossing because both spores and gametes can move

Which of the following is a characteristic of all angiosperms?

double internal fertilization

The resistance of a population to an attack by a disease because most members are immune (because of vaccination or exposure) is called

herd immunity

You find a green organism in a pond near your house. This mystery organism is most likely a plant, and not an alga, if it______.

is surrounded by a cuticle

Archegonia____________.

may contain sporophyte embryos

The generative cell of male angiosperm gametophytes is haploid. This cell divides to produce two haploid sperm cells. What type of cell division does this generative cell undergo to produce these sperm cells?

mitosis

The phrase "Alternation of Generations" refers to sexual life cycles that alternate between haploid (N) and diploid (2N) conditions, but only when both stages are_________.

multicellular

Which of the following flower parts develops into a fruit?

ovary

Which of the following flower parts develops into a seed?

ovule

List one way viruses transfer between hosts.

sexual contact oral to fecal transfer through the air via a vector (mosquito)

Which one of the following is a characteristic of RNA viruses?

small genome

____________ are the closest protist relative of land plants.

Charophyceans Chara sp.

Arrange the following structures, which can be found on male pine trees, from the largest structure to the smallest structure (or from most inclusive to least inclusive). microsporangia

1. sporophyte 2. pollen cone 3. microporangia 4. microspores 5. pollen nuclei

An angiosperm seed has an endosperm. The endosperm is _______.

3N

Corn, which is also called maize, is pictured below. Its male flowers are found in the tassel at the top of the plant and the female flowers are found the ear. Corn is which of the following type of plant?

A monoecious plant with imperfect flowers

Of the groups listed, which is the closest relative to land plants?

Charophyceans, because phylogentic analysis of DNA sequences supports this clade

In bryophytes, which structure produces sperm?

Antheridia

Which of the following is TRUE of the life cycle of mosses?

Antheridia and archegonia are produced by gametophytes

A plant's stem cells occur in which tissue?

Apical meristem

Which of the following is TRUE of the pine life cycle?

Conifer pollen grains contain male gametophytes

The following are advantages of a multicellular diploid generation EXCEPT:

Dependence on water

Name one challenge plants faced when moving onto land from their original habitat in water.

Dessication Spatial separation from mineral resources Reproduction without water No support for body

In alternation of generations the sporophyte is

Diploid (2N)

Which virus lineage is most diverse (i.e. contains the largest number of putative species or strains)?

Double-stranded RNA viruses

In bryophytes sperm must have water to swim from the archegonia to the antheridia.

False

True or False: Bryophytes are heterosporus

False

True or False: Chicken pox is a RNA virus.

False

True or False: Gymnosperms have seeds and fruits.

False

True or False: In eukaryotes, gametes are always produced by meiosis.

False

True or False: The common cold is a DNA virus.

False

In alternation of generations the gametophyte is

Haploid (N)

Which of the following is one of the two most urgent tasks that public officials first undertake to prevent an outbreak from becoming an epidemic?

Identify the causative agent

Which of the following lines of evidence would best support your assertion that a particular plant is an angiosperm?

It lacks gametangia

Which of the following are characteristics of typcial DNA viruses?

Large genome

Which of the following occurs in vascular land plants, but not charophytes (which are green algae)?

Lignin

Describe one aspect of gymnosperm ecology.

Live in large areas of low diversity Many species tolerate cold and dry conditions Some species need wildfire to reproduce

The following organisms are bryophytes, EXCEPT

Lycopyta Mosses, liverworts, and hornworts are bryophytes

Plants get what resource from the soil?

Nutrients

Plants use what type of metabolism?

Photoautotrophy

What essential ecosystem service is provided by land plants?

Plants perform oxygenic photosynthesis

All land plants have a life cycle featuring alternation of generations. Which of the following statements is true regarding the similarities or differences in roles played by the following life-cycle stages, all of which are visible to the naked eye and commonly seen in nature: pine trees, leafy ferns, beds of mosses, and a flowering rose bush?

Rose bushes, ferns and pine trees produce spores. The commonly visible stage of mosses releases gametes

Which of the following structures in a flower are considered male?

Stamen, Filament, Anther

Which of the following flower structures are considered female?

Stigma, Style, Ovary

A botanist discovers a new species of plant in a tropical forest. After observing its anatomy and life cycle, he notes the following characteristics: flagellated sperm, xylem with tracheids, separate gametophyte and a sporophyte generations with the sporophyte dominant, and no seeds. This plant is probably most closely related to_________.

ferns

This small, green, heart-shaped structure is a member of the phylum Pteridophyta and it produces

gametes by mitosis

Which of the following can be effective in preventing the onset of a viral infection in humans?

getting vaccinated

In alternation of generations the gamete is

haploid (N)

In plants, which of the following are produced by meiosis?

haploid spores

In alternation of generations the gamete is

haploid(N)

In the process of alternation of generations, the ___________.

sporophyte is diploid and produces spores

The virus genome and viral proteins are assembled in virions (virus particles) during ________.

the lytic cycle only

Which of the following means of viral transfer requires a virus to be adapted to desiccation?

through the air

Xylem transports materials __________ and phloem transports materials ________.

up, down

Name one characteristic of a virus.

use other cells to replicate use other cells for energy (ATP) have multiple origins very very small

In the lysogenic cycle_________.

viral DNA is replicated along with the host's DNA

What evidence do paleobotanists look for that indicates the movement of plants from water to land?

waxy cuticle to decrease evaporation from leaves