BIO Final

Of the following, which one includes all the others listed?

- (Organ Systems)***

Genes

- Encode for proteins. -Are segments of DNA that control traits. -Consist of a nucleotide sequence.

If an adult consistently has less than 7 hours of sleep a night, they may experience

- Memory issues -Mood changes -A lack of coordination

It is difficult to determine the exact amount of species loss because

- Most studies are typically focused on plants and animals -The exact number of current species is unknown -Fewer studies involve tracking the biodiversity loss of microbes and fungi

Which of the following are accurate statements regarding the structure of DNA?

- Nucleotides are the building blocks of a DNA molecule. - The bases within a DNA molecule are connected together by hydrogen bonds. - The specific pairing of bases within a DNA molecule is known as complementary base pairing.

New species form over time in response to

- adaptations that allow for survival in different environments. - events that promote rapid changes in a species. - isolation of organisms from one another.

Which of the following is a way that bacteria have been genetically modified?

-Bacteria have been engineered to produce proteins that protect plants. -Bacteria have been genetically modified to break down toxic chemicals. -Bacteria have been genetically modified to produce biofuels.

Which of the following best describes the adverse health risks and monitoring associated with GMOs?

-Because transgenic organisms contain genes from a different source, they can cause allergic reactions in some people. -Because cisgenic organisms contain genes that have been modified to change the trait, they can cause allergic reactions in some people if they are allergic to the food in its unmodified form. -GMO crops must undergo rigorous testing to demonstrate they are relatively safe.

Which of the following method(s) could be used by a researcher to modify an existing gene to produce products that are beneficial to us?

-CRISPR -Mutagenesis

Select the animals that scientists have genetically modified to increase or improve the production of food products.

-Cows -Goats -Chickens

Global climate change is accelerating the development of GMOs to

-Decrease the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere. -Produce plants that can withstand a change in salinity. -Produce plants that can withstand drought.

Select all that accurately describe enzymes.

-Enzymes are generally composed of proteins. -The part of an enzyme that interacts with the substrate is known as the active site. -Enzymes are also called catalysts.

Which of the following best describes the ecological effects of GMOs?

-Genetically modified crops that contain the Bt endotoxin may kill non-target insects. -Genetically modified crops that contain the Bt endotoxin may contribute to resistant strains of insects. -Genetically modified crops that contain the Bt endotoxin are relatively safe for the environment and have not shown a negative impact on species.

The ultimate goal(s) of successful plant GMO is(are) to

-Grow more food on less land that requires less water and chemicals -Focus on reversing climate change -Develop plants that are heat and drought resistant

The two primary ways that genetically modified plants are created are

-Introducing foreign genes into a plant -Manipulating the genes within a plant.

Which of the following are true statements regarding the effects of GMOs on non-target species?

-Studies on the effects of GM pest resistance and its effects on non-target insect species are primarily focused on plants modifies with Bt. -Some non-target insect species may benefit from the use of plants genetically modified with Bt.

The benefits of genome editing include

-Studying the role of a gene plays within an organism's genome. -Creating genes with enhanced characteristics. -Being able to remove and replace a small section of nucleotides.

Studies have shown that inadequate sleep increases a person's risk of developing

-Type 2 diabetes -Mental Health issues -Heart disease

Select all impacts of global warming and global climate change.

-increase and/or decrease in temperature patterns -change in distribution of animals and plants -change in rain patterns

A calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise _______ grass of water ______ degree Celsius at sea level.

1,000; 1

Currently, scientists estimate there are approximately_____ known species of the planet

2 million

Of the total number of identified species, approximately how many of these are plants?

391,000

How many hours of sleep does the CDC recommend for adults

7 hours

If the human population continues to increase at the rate of 1.05% per year, by the year 2050, agricultural production would need to increase by

70%

How will using the Internet of Things to transmit data improve a person's overall health?

A physician could have access to all information listed to provide an accurate diagnosis and treatment (Could continuously monitor heart rate, Could access sleep patterns, Could access real-time data that could fluctuate throughout the day

What is the function of muscular tissue in the human body?

Allows for the movement of body parts

Major extinction events occur

As a result of punctuated events

The modern era of genetic manipulation began when scientists first learned how to insert genes into

Bacteria

Shelf fungus are found in phyla

Basidiomycota

In the 1990s, researchers made a variety of rice that contained ______ to decrease the amount of children dying of vitamin A deficiency.

Beta-carotene

Genome editing can be accomplished by

CRISPR

Which of the following best explains the difference observed in aerobic and anaerobic pathways?

Cellular respiration is an aerobic pathway. It is much slower than the other pathways and produces the most ATP.

Which aquatic green algae is known as the common ancestor of plants?

Charophyte

Which supergroup consist of dinoflagellates and parasitic sporozoans?

Chromaveolata

Which structure of the sponge is close in structure to the choanoflagellates?

Collar cells

What is the endocrine function of the hypothalamus?

Controls the actions of the pituitary gland

A stretch of fluorescent single-stranded DNA used to detect the presence of a specific DNA sequence by complementary pairing to it is called a

DNA Probe

As a person increases in exercise, their heart muscle gets stronger. This will be reflected by a(n)

Decrease in resting heart rate

What is the function of SmartTracker, a smartwatch sensor function?

Determines the type and intensity of exercise by detecting movement

Which of the following organ system is(are) involved in regulating blood glucose levels?

Digestive system

European corn crops have been genetically modified with the ______ gene from Bacillus thuringiensis which acts as an insecticide.

Endotoxin

A gardener saves seeds from a red tomato plant in her garden. She plants the seeds the following summer and is surprised when the plant produces orange tomatoes. Then she remembers the red tomato plant was next to a plant that produced yellow tomatoes. This is an example of a GMO.

False

A positive feedback system is used to maintain a stable internal body temperature

False

All genetically modified organisms are transgenic.

False

Health risks to humans consuming foods that have been genetically modified usually occur when the modification resulted in a cisgenic GMO.

False

Horizontal gene transfer occurs very rarely in nature.

False

Regular exercise only impacts the muscular system of the body.

False

Which structure of the prokaryotic cell allows for cell locomotion?

Flagellum

Which of the following digestive system organs stores bile that is used in the small intestines?

Gallbladder

The respiratory system plays a major role in homeostasis by regulating

Gas exchange between the internal body and the external environment

Which of the following best explains the difference between selective breeding and genetic engineering?

Genetic engineering involves directly manipulating the DNA of organisms, whereas selective breeding makes use of existing, naturally present variation and the process of sexual reproduction.

Charles Darwin observed multiple species of finch on the Galapagos islands. He proposed they adapted over time to different habitats of the islands. This is an example of the ________ model of speciation

Gradualistic

Since the success of Flavr-savr tomatoes, there has been a

Growing trend to produce more GMOs in agriculture.

Invertebrates are separated from vertebrates by not

Having a backbone

The world health organization defines a GMO organism as one that has had its genetic information altered

In a way that would not occur in nature

If a person increases their exercise by 150 minutes per week, they would expect to experience a(n)

Increased amount of deep sleep time

Which organ system's role is to protect the exterior of the body?

Integumentary

Which type of technology, that connects multiple devices, could be used by physicians to allow them to send and receive patient information quickly?

Internet of Things

The role of the ______ is the filter the blood of wastes and chemicals.

Kidney

What is the function of epithelial tissue in the human body?

Lines and covers the internal and external cavities of the body and forms glands

There are three types of blood vessels in the circulatory system. What is the function of the arteries?

Muscular vessels that carry the blood under pressure to body tissues

There are three types of blood vessels in the circulatory system. What is the function of the capillaries?

Narrow, thin-walled vessels involved in gas, nutrients, and waste exchange

There are multiple organ systems involved in maintaining homeostasis. which organ system is considered the control center of homeostasis?

Nervous system

Several GMO plants have resistant traits. What is the resistant trait of apples?

Non-browning

Which of the following examples being in the cephalopods group of molluscs?

Octopus,squid, and nautiluses

A collection of organs and tissues that work together to perform a general function is called a(n)

Organ system

The GMO procedure that coats very small fragments with tungsten or gold with genetically modified DNA and then uses a gene gun for delivery is called

Particle bombardment

Which of the following information would be useful in computing algorithms for diagnosis and treatment?

Patient's real-time data

Genetically modified bacteria can be used in biotechnology to produce

Pharmaceutical compounds

Which of the following statements best explains the primary role of photosynthesis in plant nutrition?

Photosynthesis takes solar energy and converts it into the chemical potential energy of carbohydrates?

What is the endocrine function of the thymus?

Production of T cells in the immune system

What is the function of nervous tissue in the human body?

Receives and sends signals throughout the body

The ____ take information and send it to the _____. Where it is integrated and processed

Sensory neurons; interneurons

Biodiversity is determined by the number and different types of ___ in an area.

Species

The digestion of proteins is facilitated by pepsin produced in the ____, and trypsin produced in the ______.

Stomach; small intestines

If two plants mate to produce a hybrid, and the hybrid is able to reproduce between other hybrids, this will result in a new species. This is an example of ______ speciation

Sympatric

In males, which of the following would be produce by the thesis in endocrine system?

Testosterone

Biodiversity is ________.

The number of species and how many different species are in a given location

Which of the following was not mentioned as future data collected by fitness trackers?

The oxygen saturation in the extremities

Which statement best describes the number of evolutionary events?

There have been 5 major extinction events and the 6th is in progress

Who was the first person to introduce a type of fitness tracker in the United States?

Thomas Jefferson

Flavr-savr ______ were the first GMO that were approved by the FDA for human consumption.

Tomatoes

Which of the following could be monitored with a SmartWatch?

Tracking how many calories are burned

In gene expression ____ is creating mRNA from DNA; and _____ is creating a protein from the mRNA.

Transcription; Translation

In the process of cloning, a plasmid is modified with a new gene and then put into a recipient cell to make the new proteins.

True

Personalized medicine addresses a specific individual's needs based on real-time data that are generated while the body is functioning during everyday activities.

True

The amount of farmable land on the planet is limited

True

In what organ system would you find the kidneys?

Urinary

Golden rice has been genetically modified to produce

Vitamin A

On the underside of the Fitbit, SmartWatch, there are two green lights that blink when the watch is moved. What are these green lights designed to measure?

Your rate of blood flow

Plants genetically modified with the Bt gene

are more pest resistant

Which organ system is the main system involved in overall homeostasis?

endocrine system

Blood sugar monitoring would be beneficial for those who

have diabetes

The intentional change in the genetic material to interfere with its function in a cell or organism is known as

mutagenesis

Commercial fishing uses drag nets that often kill undesired fish. This "clear cutting" of the ocean floor is an example of

overexploitation

In what way have AquaAdvantage Salmon been genetically modified?

to grow faster

Black bread mold is found in the phyla

zygomycota