BIO FINAL

To synthesize proteins To expel waste To move substances across membranes

Cells use energy for which of the following?

bile

During digestion _ emulsifies (breaks down) fats.

antigen

A molecule that stimulates an immune-system reaction by B cells and T cells is termed a(n) _____.

vaccination

A preparation that "teaches" the immune system to recognize a disease-causing agent without actually causing disease is termed a(n)

Muscles fail to contract because they do not receive a signal to do so.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also called Lou Gehrig's disease, is a disorder in which motor neurons are destroyed. How would this disorder affect muscle function?

Basement membrane

Epithelial tissues are anchored via the ____.

continuing to divide and replicate with faulty DNA.

Bypassing a checkpoint in the cell cycle may result in a cancer cell ______.

RNA, UAUCGA

If the sequence of a DNA template is ATAGCT, the product transcribed is a single stranded ___ molecule with the sequence _____

variable region

If you were trying to block an antibody that was causing an autoimmune disease in a patient, you would want to find a way to cover and inactivate the ______.

potassium ions are more concentrated inside the cell than outside.

If you were using electrodes and chemical tests to find a resting neuron, you would look for a neuron in which _____.

histamine

If, for a study, you wanted to cause blood vessel dilation and swelling to mimic effects of innate immunity, you would want to inject

spinal cord; spinal cord

In a reflex, the ________ receives the signal that your finger is too hot and sends the message to move the finger away from the stove. The ________ transfers the message to the finger.

Action potential transmission slows down

In several neurological diseases, axons lose their insulating myelin sheath. What is the consequence of this loss?

to help with the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins

Most multivitamins should be taken with a meal for which reason?

she will slowly gain weight

Once a week, Mary Ella goes on a 4-mile run before school. She burns 90 Calories per mile. On days that she runs, she treats herself to a chai tea (410 Calories) instead of black tea (0 calories). Assuming everything else in her diet is the same, predict how her weight will change.

asiprin

Patients with cardiovascular problems can be prescribed many different medications. Aspirin inhibits platelets, beta- blockers slow the heart rate, and diuretics cause the kidneys to release more water in the urine. Which drug(s) would be prescribed to a person who is at risk of forming a blood clot?

stomach

Pepsin is an enzyme that digests proteins at acidic pH. Therefore, it must act in the _______.

ventricle walls

The AV note sends a signal down the _.

Right Atrium, Lungs

The blood returning to the heart from the body enters into the ____ first, and is then pumped out towards the ____.

arteries

The blood vessel with the thickest walls are the ______.

gyrase

The enzyme that unwinds DNA is

zygote

The first cell after fertilization is called a(n) ________.

proteins

The polymers with the most complex and diverse three-dimensional structures are

transduction

The process of translating multiple stimuli into electrical signals is called ____.

peer review

The process whereby scientists submit their research findings to be reviewed by anonymous scientists in their field is called _______ _______.

to secrete antibodies in humoral immunity; to attack pathogenic cells in cell-mediated immunity

The role of B cells in adaptive immunity is ________, versus the role of T cells in adaptive immunity is ________.

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus

What is the correct order of components of the digestive tract?

Provides a basis for comparison

What is the purpose of a control in an experiment?

DNA

What molecule holds instructions for the synthesis of proteins and copies itself for the next generation of cells?

oxidized

When electrons are removed from a food molecule, the molecule is

decreased absorption of nutrients

When people with celiac disease eat foods or use products containing gluten, their immune system responds by damaging or destroying villi. Which of the following symptoms would a person with celiac disease have?

Hydrolysis

When we break polymers into monomers we use this reaction:

Na+ ions cross the plasma membrane initiating a wave that travels down the axon.

Which best describes how a neuron fires?

Welding metal together makes an office building

Which is the best example of emergent properties?

The virus mutates rapidly, changing its outer coat.

Which is the main reason that an effective vaccine has not been produced for the HIV virus that causes AIDS?

DNA polymerase Both Correct None RNA polymerase

Which polymerase is used during translation?

kidney

Which would be the primary target for ADH?

heterotrophs

You are sorting cards with pictures of organisms and their descriptions into groups with similar organisms. You would place the card with an osprey and the description "organisms that obtain energy by consuming other organisms" with cards for other ______.

carcinomas

You are working in a diagnostic lab, and you receive a skin biopsy sample. The sample shows several groups of cancerous cells in the epithelium, so you say in your report that you found several _______.

Adipose

__ tissue is found in a minimal extracellular matrix and stores fats for energy and insulation.