BIO final Exam Study Guide

what class of lymphocytes produce antibodies

B cells

what cells are destroyed or deactivated in the genetic disease SCIED

B cells and T cells

with respect to global climate change which greenhouse gas is considered the most important to control

CO2

which terrestrial biome is dominated by spiny evergreen shrubs and maintained by fires

Chaparral

what organism can fix nitrogen

bacteria

a tumor that cannot move beyond its original location

benign tumor

tracking a single atom of an element as it moves through an ecosystem over a large period of time as it goes from living to nonliving components is studying what cycle of that element

bigeochemical

relatively small areas with unusually high concentrations of endangered species, threatened species, and endemic species are known as

biodiversity hot spots

what is the cause of a heart attack

blockage of a coronary artery

how does a water soluble hormone initiate action in a target cell

by binding to receptors in the plasma membrane of the target cell

how are terrestrial biomes defined

by vegetation type

which area of the world is experiencing the largest increase in annual temperatures

canada and alaska

which one of the following structures is the site for exchange of materials between the blood and the bodys cells

capillaries

a hamburger bun mainly consists of

carbohydrates

an antibiotic could harm a bacteria by disabling its

cell wall

mitochondria provide cellular energy through the process of

cellular respiration

nervous system made up of brain and spinal cord

central

which heath problem is characterized by diarrhea so severe that it can quickly lead to dehydration and possibly death

cholera

identify some external defenses that your body uses to prevent infection

cilia, mucous membranes, stomach acid

pulmonary circuit

circuit that transports blood between heart and lungs

systemic circuit

circuit that transports blood between the heart and the rest of the body

field of biology focused on reversing the loss of biodiversity by sustaining natural ecosystems

conservation biology

when coral lose their symbiotic algae and turn white

coral bleaching

population ecologist

deals with the dynamics of species populations and how these populations interact with the environment, such as birth and death rates, and by immigration

conservation ecologist

deals with the preservation and management of biodiversity and natural resources

condition resulting in the body cells not being able to obtain enough glucose from the bloodstream even if there is plenty present

diabetes

the alimentary canal is part of the

digestive system

you are a primary consumer when you

eat an apple

the scientific study of how organisms interact with others and with their environments

ecology

a biologist studying how nitrogen moves between the soil and the plants within Yellowstone National park would be an

ecosystem ecologist

what are human bones in the human body are associated with the soft tissues and are found inside of the body

endoskeleton

in the small intestine what type of tissue is in direct contact with the food you eat

epithelial

which molecules are components of proteins that human cells cannot make

essential amino acids

ecological footprint

estimate of the amount of land and water needed to sustain one person

trimester when most organs are formed

first

aquatic biomes can be classified as

freshwater & marine

which species is the primary producer in an ecosystem where deer feed on grass and mountain lions feed on deer

grass

some Atlantic salmon have been genetically modified to

grow faster and larger

what type of joint permits movement in a single plane

hinge

The ability of animals to maintain a relatively constant internal environment despite changes in the external environment is known as

homeostasis

natural chemical signals that help regulate body functions are knows as

hormones

hormone that promotes the development and enlargement of all parts of the body from fetal development through adolescence is known as

human growth hormone

the organ system primarily responsible for protecting your body from infectious diseases

immune system

what is a general trend in primary succession

increased biomass, longevity, and speciesdiversity

what occurs when air pressure in the lungs is less than air pressure in the atmosphere

inhalation

when a species in a community has a disproportionate influence on the overall species diversity of that community

keystone species

a diet that lacks sufficient calories or essential nutrients results in

malnutrition

what best explains why getting chicken pox as a child normally prevents you from getting it as an adult

memory cells

Why do swordfish have mercury levels in their tissues far exceeding those of smaller fish?

mercury is concentrated in swordfish because of the biological magnification

where is ATP produces within a cell

mitochondria

what kind of feedback maintains blood glucose levels

negative

most homeostatic systems rely on what feedback

negative feedback

what is the functional unit of the kidney where urine is actually formed

nephron

functional units of the kidney that filter the blood and form the urine

nephrons

Which body system is responsible for communication and coordination throughout your body

nervous system

identify a macronutrient needed by plants

nitrogen

endemic species are

only found in one location

your brain is an example of what level of the structural hierarchy

organ

your pancreas is an example of what level of the structural hierarchy of the organization of your body?

organ

Agricultural practices that use natural methods to promote biological diversity by maintaining soil quality are the basis of

organic farming

where does fertilization take place

oviduct

what gains nutrients from the host but does not kill it

parasite

nervous system composed of the nerves carry information into and out of the spinal cord and brain

peripheral

whats a reason for a decrease in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

photosynthesis

liquid component of blood

plasma

what part of a bacterium is useful for gene cloning

plasmid

which cellular component of blood is responsible for blood clotting

platelet

Mount Saint Helens represents an example of _______________ which began with a _______________-

primary succession: volcanic eruption

bacteria are classified as

prokaryotes

The human cardiovascular system can be divided into two circuits called

pulmonary & systematic

the bottom of the food chain is a trophic level that

supports all the other levels and has the greatest biomass

which features of climate primarily determine the type of vegetation in terrestrial biomes?

temperature and rainfall

what are the male and female gonads

testes & ovaries

anabolic steroids are artificial chemicals that are very similar in structure to

testosterone

essential nutrients are nutrients that

the body cannot produce itself

in a food web arrows point in one direction because they indicate

the flow of energy to the animal that does the eating

homeostasis is disrupted when an endocrine gland produces

too much or too little hormone product

which biome is characterized by dryness, bitter, cold, and permanently frozen soil

tundra

what is the competitive exclusion priciple

two species cannot coexist in the same location if they are too much alike

when individuals in a population are evenly spaced within an ecosystem what pattern are they exhibiting

uniform

system that provides osmoregulation in your body

urinary

why do you need to receive a new flu vaccine each year

viruses evolve and last years flu vaccine may no longer be effective

what does blood contain

water, cells, other molecules

most sensitive time in a fetal development because the most organs are formed

1st

about how many Americans are affected by diabetes mellitus

30 million

a type of fibrous connective tissue that holds bones together at joints

Ligaments

during which stage of digestion are the molecules in food taken up by intestinal cells

absorption

two hormones that counteract one anothers actions in a feedback circuit are said to be

agnostic hormones

organismal biologist

all aspects of the life of organisms, including their biodiversity, anatomical structure, physiology, development, biogeography, and ecology

in which one of the following structures of the respiratory system does gas exchange take place

alveoli

the majority of modern agricultural crops are

angiosperms

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

arteries

Hormones can travel through the blood and not affect all tissues. only cells possessing ______________ sites for that particular hormone are affected. these cells are called __________

receptor: target

the only effective medical treatment against a virus is

recieving a vaccine

bacterial plasmid that contains a gene from another species is called a

recombinant plasmid

what type of biologist uses ecological principles to help repair degraded ecosystems

restoration ecologist

where are photoreceptor cells found in the eye

retina

if the most important function of the digestive system is the absorption of nutrients, which one organ is primarily responsible>

small intestine

primary driver of global wind patterns and precipitation on earth

solar energy

ecosystem ecologist

study of living and non-living components of ecosystems and their interactions within an ecosystem framework.