BIO final Exam Study Guide
what class of lymphocytes produce antibodies
B cells
what cells are destroyed or deactivated in the genetic disease SCIED
B cells and T cells
with respect to global climate change which greenhouse gas is considered the most important to control
CO2
which terrestrial biome is dominated by spiny evergreen shrubs and maintained by fires
Chaparral
what organism can fix nitrogen
bacteria
a tumor that cannot move beyond its original location
benign tumor
tracking a single atom of an element as it moves through an ecosystem over a large period of time as it goes from living to nonliving components is studying what cycle of that element
bigeochemical
relatively small areas with unusually high concentrations of endangered species, threatened species, and endemic species are known as
biodiversity hot spots
what is the cause of a heart attack
blockage of a coronary artery
how does a water soluble hormone initiate action in a target cell
by binding to receptors in the plasma membrane of the target cell
how are terrestrial biomes defined
by vegetation type
which area of the world is experiencing the largest increase in annual temperatures
canada and alaska
which one of the following structures is the site for exchange of materials between the blood and the bodys cells
capillaries
a hamburger bun mainly consists of
carbohydrates
an antibiotic could harm a bacteria by disabling its
cell wall
mitochondria provide cellular energy through the process of
cellular respiration
nervous system made up of brain and spinal cord
central
which heath problem is characterized by diarrhea so severe that it can quickly lead to dehydration and possibly death
cholera
identify some external defenses that your body uses to prevent infection
cilia, mucous membranes, stomach acid
pulmonary circuit
circuit that transports blood between heart and lungs
systemic circuit
circuit that transports blood between the heart and the rest of the body
field of biology focused on reversing the loss of biodiversity by sustaining natural ecosystems
conservation biology
when coral lose their symbiotic algae and turn white
coral bleaching
population ecologist
deals with the dynamics of species populations and how these populations interact with the environment, such as birth and death rates, and by immigration
conservation ecologist
deals with the preservation and management of biodiversity and natural resources
condition resulting in the body cells not being able to obtain enough glucose from the bloodstream even if there is plenty present
diabetes
the alimentary canal is part of the
digestive system
you are a primary consumer when you
eat an apple
the scientific study of how organisms interact with others and with their environments
ecology
a biologist studying how nitrogen moves between the soil and the plants within Yellowstone National park would be an
ecosystem ecologist
what are human bones in the human body are associated with the soft tissues and are found inside of the body
endoskeleton
in the small intestine what type of tissue is in direct contact with the food you eat
epithelial
which molecules are components of proteins that human cells cannot make
essential amino acids
ecological footprint
estimate of the amount of land and water needed to sustain one person
trimester when most organs are formed
first
aquatic biomes can be classified as
freshwater & marine
which species is the primary producer in an ecosystem where deer feed on grass and mountain lions feed on deer
grass
some Atlantic salmon have been genetically modified to
grow faster and larger
what type of joint permits movement in a single plane
hinge
The ability of animals to maintain a relatively constant internal environment despite changes in the external environment is known as
homeostasis
natural chemical signals that help regulate body functions are knows as
hormones
hormone that promotes the development and enlargement of all parts of the body from fetal development through adolescence is known as
human growth hormone
the organ system primarily responsible for protecting your body from infectious diseases
immune system
what is a general trend in primary succession
increased biomass, longevity, and speciesdiversity
what occurs when air pressure in the lungs is less than air pressure in the atmosphere
inhalation
when a species in a community has a disproportionate influence on the overall species diversity of that community
keystone species
a diet that lacks sufficient calories or essential nutrients results in
malnutrition
what best explains why getting chicken pox as a child normally prevents you from getting it as an adult
memory cells
Why do swordfish have mercury levels in their tissues far exceeding those of smaller fish?
mercury is concentrated in swordfish because of the biological magnification
where is ATP produces within a cell
mitochondria
what kind of feedback maintains blood glucose levels
negative
most homeostatic systems rely on what feedback
negative feedback
what is the functional unit of the kidney where urine is actually formed
nephron
functional units of the kidney that filter the blood and form the urine
nephrons
Which body system is responsible for communication and coordination throughout your body
nervous system
identify a macronutrient needed by plants
nitrogen
endemic species are
only found in one location
your brain is an example of what level of the structural hierarchy
organ
your pancreas is an example of what level of the structural hierarchy of the organization of your body?
organ
Agricultural practices that use natural methods to promote biological diversity by maintaining soil quality are the basis of
organic farming
where does fertilization take place
oviduct
what gains nutrients from the host but does not kill it
parasite
nervous system composed of the nerves carry information into and out of the spinal cord and brain
peripheral
whats a reason for a decrease in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
photosynthesis
liquid component of blood
plasma
what part of a bacterium is useful for gene cloning
plasmid
which cellular component of blood is responsible for blood clotting
platelet
Mount Saint Helens represents an example of _______________ which began with a _______________-
primary succession: volcanic eruption
bacteria are classified as
prokaryotes
The human cardiovascular system can be divided into two circuits called
pulmonary & systematic
the bottom of the food chain is a trophic level that
supports all the other levels and has the greatest biomass
which features of climate primarily determine the type of vegetation in terrestrial biomes?
temperature and rainfall
what are the male and female gonads
testes & ovaries
anabolic steroids are artificial chemicals that are very similar in structure to
testosterone
essential nutrients are nutrients that
the body cannot produce itself
in a food web arrows point in one direction because they indicate
the flow of energy to the animal that does the eating
homeostasis is disrupted when an endocrine gland produces
too much or too little hormone product
which biome is characterized by dryness, bitter, cold, and permanently frozen soil
tundra
what is the competitive exclusion priciple
two species cannot coexist in the same location if they are too much alike
when individuals in a population are evenly spaced within an ecosystem what pattern are they exhibiting
uniform
system that provides osmoregulation in your body
urinary
why do you need to receive a new flu vaccine each year
viruses evolve and last years flu vaccine may no longer be effective
what does blood contain
water, cells, other molecules
most sensitive time in a fetal development because the most organs are formed
1st
about how many Americans are affected by diabetes mellitus
30 million
a type of fibrous connective tissue that holds bones together at joints
Ligaments
during which stage of digestion are the molecules in food taken up by intestinal cells
absorption
two hormones that counteract one anothers actions in a feedback circuit are said to be
agnostic hormones
organismal biologist
all aspects of the life of organisms, including their biodiversity, anatomical structure, physiology, development, biogeography, and ecology
in which one of the following structures of the respiratory system does gas exchange take place
alveoli
the majority of modern agricultural crops are
angiosperms
blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
arteries
Hormones can travel through the blood and not affect all tissues. only cells possessing ______________ sites for that particular hormone are affected. these cells are called __________
receptor: target
the only effective medical treatment against a virus is
recieving a vaccine
bacterial plasmid that contains a gene from another species is called a
recombinant plasmid
what type of biologist uses ecological principles to help repair degraded ecosystems
restoration ecologist
where are photoreceptor cells found in the eye
retina
if the most important function of the digestive system is the absorption of nutrients, which one organ is primarily responsible>
small intestine
primary driver of global wind patterns and precipitation on earth
solar energy
ecosystem ecologist
study of living and non-living components of ecosystems and their interactions within an ecosystem framework.