Bio Final Test 2

The processes of intramembranous and endochondral ossification are similar in several respects. Which of the following statements applies to both intramembranous and endochondral ossification?

Both processes form woven bone.

Which of the following events occurs last in intramembranous ossification?

Cancellous bone is formed.

Put the following components of the vertebral column in order from superior to inferior.

Cervical region,Thoracic region, Lumbar region, Sacrum, coccyx

Which of the following statements about bone remodeling and repair is correct?

Exposure of a bone to increased mechanical stress can lead to bone remodeling.

How does the integumentary system contribute to osteoporosis?

Lack of exposure to sunlight reduces vitamin D production and decreases calcium absorption.

Which of the following statements regarding PTH is true?

PTH causes increased reabsorption of Ca +2 in the kidneys

Which of the following events occurs last?

Secondary ossification centers appear in the epiphyses.

When you dive into a cold swimming pool, explain what happens in order to maintain homeostasis.

The blood flow from the deeper tissues through the dermis decreases, causing a decreased loss of body heat through the skin.

Which of the following statements concerning the epidermis is true?

The epidermis is nourished by blood vessels located in the dermis.

Which of the following statements regarding calcium homeostasis is true?

When blood calcium levels are too low, osteoclast activity increases.

which of the following people would have the greatest risk of getting skin cancer?

a 68 year old male with blonde hair and blue eyes

When the arrector pili muscles contract,

"goose bumps" are formed

Bob was completely bald on the top of his head by the time he was 35 years old. Bob noticed he produced abundant sweat on his head when he exercised. He also noticed that his scalp was no longer oily. Which of the following changes account for the observations? 1. He has fewer functional hair follicles now. 2. He has fewer functional sebaceous glands now 3. He has fewer merocrine sweat glands now 4. He has fewer apocrine sweat glands now A. 1, 2, 3, 4 B. 1, 2, 3 C. 1, 2, 4 D. 1, 3, 4 E. 1, 2

1, 2

if bones become brittle what is the explanation

ANSWER IS NOT bone has lost its calcium

the medullary (marrow) cavity is

ANSWER IS NOT filled w fibrocartiladge and elsatin fibers

A yellow pigment derived from plants that can import a yellow color to the skin is called

ANSWER NOT MELANIN

Which of the following statements regarding calcium homeostasis is true

ANSWER NOT parathyroid hormone increases calcium excretion from kidney

Which of the following statements is true?

An exaggerated thoracic curvature of the vertebral column is called kyphosis.

Mr. Bo Deoders has a strong body odor

apocrine glands

Haversian system (osteon)

are the basic units in compact bone tissue

Bone remodeling may occur

as bones grow, as bones adjust to stress, as fractures heal and constantly during a person's lifetime.

The first cervical vertebrae is the

atlas.

A victim of an automobile accident goes into shock, which results in decreased blood flow. The victim's skin will

be pale

Which of the following functions is not associated with the skin

blood cell production

Due to the contraction of smooth muscle in the walls of the dermal blood vessels,

body heat is conserved.

The process of intramembranous ossification and endochondrial ossification are similar in several respects. which of the following statements applies to both of these kinds of ossifications

both processes form woven bone

A passageway connecting neighboring osteocytes in an osteon is a

canaliculus.

The proper sequence of events in bone repair is

clot, invasion of uncommitted cells, fibrocartilginious callus, bony, callus

Which of the vertebral columns is most inferior

coccyx

Cartilage

contains chondrocytes located in lacunae.

Spongy bone tissue

contains interconnecting plates called trabeculae.

Crash McBang is 14. He breaks femur in a skiing accident. The bone was properly aligned and healed well but was apparent that the leg had been broken was shorter than the other leg.the break in the femur was probably the

epiphyseal plate

What is the site of longitudinal growth in long bones?

epiphyseal plate

Ribs that do not attach directly to the sternum are called _____ ribs.

false

The three girdles that make up the appendicular skeleton are the pectoral, pelvic, and pubic.

false

A patient in a skiing accident is told that the lateral side of the ankle joint has been crushed. The bone that has been injured is the

fibula

Which of the following anatomical features of bones is correctly matched with its function?

foramen - a hole for a blood vessel

Which of the following is true about cartilage?

grows by appositional growth only is not vascularized contains osteocytes located in lacunae is surrounded by a membrane periosteum does not need nutrients and oxygen so it has no blood vessels ANSWER: is not vascularized

The proper sequence of events in bone repair is

hematoma formation, callus formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone.

The compression (weight-bearing) strength of bone matrix is due to the presence of

hydroxyapatite crystals.

a coroner determines the cause of death to be strangulation because which bone is fractured

hyoid

A boy grew rapidly and reached a height of 6'2 by 13. he had normal body proportion and sex development was not impacted. what caused his condition

hypersecretion of growth hormone

A young boy (10 years old) exhibited the following symptoms: advanced development of secondary sexual characteristics and rapid growth. Which of the following caused his condition?

hypersecretion of testosterone

A subcutaneous injection delivers medication into the

hypodermis

primary ossification center begin

in the center of diaphysis

The site where spinal nerves exit the vertebral column is the

intervertebral foramen

thick skin

is found in areas subject to pressure or friction such as palms.

The dermis

is responsible for most of the skin's structural strength.

What protein is found in the nails, hair, and epidermis?

keratin

Eighty-year old Mrs. Smith has a bent-over stance with a noticeable hump back. Along with osteoporosis, Mrs. Smith also is afflicted with which condition?

kyphosis

Delicate unpigmented hairs that cover the fetus in early development are called

lanugo hairs

The medullary cavity is

lined with endosteum.

An exaggerated curvature of the lumbar region is

lordosis.

which of the following bones is not paired

mandible

Some marrow of long bones is termed "red" marrow. The function of red marrow is to

manufacture blood cells.

which of the following statements about bone remodeling is correct

mechanical stress applied to bone increases osteoblast activity

Due to the dilation of smooth muscle in the walls of the dermal blood vessels

more blood flows to the skin

A person who gets hit in the back of the head might suffer from a ___ injury

occipital

Which of the following bones is part of the neurocranium?

occipital bone

Which type of bone cells give rise to osteoblasts?

osteochondral progenitor cell

Which of the following is correctly matched?

osteocytes- function in bone remodeling endosteum- lines outside of long bone osteoblasts- breakdown bone tissue osteoclasts- derived from stem cells known as monocytes periosteum- lines medullary cavity ANSWER: osteoclasts- derived from stem cells known as monocytes

The layer of the dermis that is responsible for our fingerprints is the

papillary layer

Cedric slipped and cut his finger. The cut bled, but did not penetrate to the hypodermis. The deepest layer penetrated was the

papillary layer of the dermis.

Select the regions that are composed of loose connective tissue.

papillary, Subcutaneous tissue or hypodermis

Which of the following is mismatched?

parathyroid hormone - increases calcium loss in the kidneys

The sequence of events that produces growth at the epiphyseal plate is

proliferation, hypertrophy, calcification, cell death, ossification, and remodeling.

Which of the following functions is associated with the skin?

protection against ultraviolet radiation of the sun

If you break the lateral bone of your forearm, you have fractured your

radius

Vitamin C is essential for normal collagen synthesis. If a child suffered from a vitamin C deficiency, which layer of the skin would be most affected?

reticular layer of dermis

Which of the statements concerning ribs is correct

ribs 1-7 are classified as true ribs there are five pairs of floating ribs the false ribs attach directly to the sternum with costal cartilage floating ribs do not attach to vertebrae ANSWER: ribs 1-7 are classified as true ribs

What are some bones that belong to the axial skeleton?

ribs, sternum, vertebrae, occipital

Skin glands do not include

salivary glands

Which does not describe osteoclasts

secretes enzymes to digest matrix secrete NACl to breakdown bone multinucleated with a ruffled border play a role in bone remodeling ANSWER: secrete NACl to breakdown bone

Manubrium, body, and xiphoid process are all parts of the

sternum.

the layer of epidermis that undergoes mitosis and forms new epidermal cells is the

stratum basale

the layer of epidermis farthest away from the dermis is the

stratum corneum

If you accidentally cut your arm and see connective tissue and fat you have cut the

stratum corneum, stratum basale, dermis, hypodermis

In which layer of the epidermis are granules of keratohyalin formed?

stratum granulosum

Jodie scrapped her knee when she fell off of her bike, why was ther no blood?

the epidermis was affected because it is avascular

The longitudinal growth of long bones ceases when

the epiphyseal plate is completely replaced with bone tissue.

The ribs articulate with the _____ vertebrae.

thoracic

Which of the curvatures of the vertebral column persist from before birth until later

thoracic and sacral

If you break the medial bone in your forearm, you have fractured your

ulna

which of the following is correctly matched

vertebral foramen- contains and protects spinal cord

Those ribs that attach directly to the sternum are referred to as _____ ribs.

vertebrosternal

Andrew is in a car accident and fractures his maxilla.what group of bones is it in

viscerocranium

One type of experimental contraceptive device is a skin patch that contains a chemical absorbed through the skin. Which of the following substances might be the type of chemical involved?

water soluble substances

Which of the following is true?

yellow marrow- stores adipose tissue

Check all of the bones that can be visualized with an anterior view of the skull.

Maxilla, Nasal bone, Zygomatic bone