Bio Final Test 2
The processes of intramembranous and endochondral ossification are similar in several respects. Which of the following statements applies to both intramembranous and endochondral ossification?
Both processes form woven bone.
Which of the following events occurs last in intramembranous ossification?
Cancellous bone is formed.
Put the following components of the vertebral column in order from superior to inferior.
Cervical region,Thoracic region, Lumbar region, Sacrum, coccyx
Which of the following statements about bone remodeling and repair is correct?
Exposure of a bone to increased mechanical stress can lead to bone remodeling.
How does the integumentary system contribute to osteoporosis?
Lack of exposure to sunlight reduces vitamin D production and decreases calcium absorption.
Which of the following statements regarding PTH is true?
PTH causes increased reabsorption of Ca +2 in the kidneys
Which of the following events occurs last?
Secondary ossification centers appear in the epiphyses.
When you dive into a cold swimming pool, explain what happens in order to maintain homeostasis.
The blood flow from the deeper tissues through the dermis decreases, causing a decreased loss of body heat through the skin.
Which of the following statements concerning the epidermis is true?
The epidermis is nourished by blood vessels located in the dermis.
Which of the following statements regarding calcium homeostasis is true?
When blood calcium levels are too low, osteoclast activity increases.
which of the following people would have the greatest risk of getting skin cancer?
a 68 year old male with blonde hair and blue eyes
When the arrector pili muscles contract,
"goose bumps" are formed
Bob was completely bald on the top of his head by the time he was 35 years old. Bob noticed he produced abundant sweat on his head when he exercised. He also noticed that his scalp was no longer oily. Which of the following changes account for the observations? 1. He has fewer functional hair follicles now. 2. He has fewer functional sebaceous glands now 3. He has fewer merocrine sweat glands now 4. He has fewer apocrine sweat glands now A. 1, 2, 3, 4 B. 1, 2, 3 C. 1, 2, 4 D. 1, 3, 4 E. 1, 2
1, 2
if bones become brittle what is the explanation
ANSWER IS NOT bone has lost its calcium
the medullary (marrow) cavity is
ANSWER IS NOT filled w fibrocartiladge and elsatin fibers
A yellow pigment derived from plants that can import a yellow color to the skin is called
ANSWER NOT MELANIN
Which of the following statements regarding calcium homeostasis is true
ANSWER NOT parathyroid hormone increases calcium excretion from kidney
Which of the following statements is true?
An exaggerated thoracic curvature of the vertebral column is called kyphosis.
Mr. Bo Deoders has a strong body odor
apocrine glands
Haversian system (osteon)
are the basic units in compact bone tissue
Bone remodeling may occur
as bones grow, as bones adjust to stress, as fractures heal and constantly during a person's lifetime.
The first cervical vertebrae is the
atlas.
A victim of an automobile accident goes into shock, which results in decreased blood flow. The victim's skin will
be pale
Which of the following functions is not associated with the skin
blood cell production
Due to the contraction of smooth muscle in the walls of the dermal blood vessels,
body heat is conserved.
The process of intramembranous ossification and endochondrial ossification are similar in several respects. which of the following statements applies to both of these kinds of ossifications
both processes form woven bone
A passageway connecting neighboring osteocytes in an osteon is a
canaliculus.
The proper sequence of events in bone repair is
clot, invasion of uncommitted cells, fibrocartilginious callus, bony, callus
Which of the vertebral columns is most inferior
coccyx
Cartilage
contains chondrocytes located in lacunae.
Spongy bone tissue
contains interconnecting plates called trabeculae.
Crash McBang is 14. He breaks femur in a skiing accident. The bone was properly aligned and healed well but was apparent that the leg had been broken was shorter than the other leg.the break in the femur was probably the
epiphyseal plate
What is the site of longitudinal growth in long bones?
epiphyseal plate
Ribs that do not attach directly to the sternum are called _____ ribs.
false
The three girdles that make up the appendicular skeleton are the pectoral, pelvic, and pubic.
false
A patient in a skiing accident is told that the lateral side of the ankle joint has been crushed. The bone that has been injured is the
fibula
Which of the following anatomical features of bones is correctly matched with its function?
foramen - a hole for a blood vessel
Which of the following is true about cartilage?
grows by appositional growth only is not vascularized contains osteocytes located in lacunae is surrounded by a membrane periosteum does not need nutrients and oxygen so it has no blood vessels ANSWER: is not vascularized
The proper sequence of events in bone repair is
hematoma formation, callus formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone.
The compression (weight-bearing) strength of bone matrix is due to the presence of
hydroxyapatite crystals.
a coroner determines the cause of death to be strangulation because which bone is fractured
hyoid
A boy grew rapidly and reached a height of 6'2 by 13. he had normal body proportion and sex development was not impacted. what caused his condition
hypersecretion of growth hormone
A young boy (10 years old) exhibited the following symptoms: advanced development of secondary sexual characteristics and rapid growth. Which of the following caused his condition?
hypersecretion of testosterone
A subcutaneous injection delivers medication into the
hypodermis
primary ossification center begin
in the center of diaphysis
The site where spinal nerves exit the vertebral column is the
intervertebral foramen
thick skin
is found in areas subject to pressure or friction such as palms.
The dermis
is responsible for most of the skin's structural strength.
What protein is found in the nails, hair, and epidermis?
keratin
Eighty-year old Mrs. Smith has a bent-over stance with a noticeable hump back. Along with osteoporosis, Mrs. Smith also is afflicted with which condition?
kyphosis
Delicate unpigmented hairs that cover the fetus in early development are called
lanugo hairs
The medullary cavity is
lined with endosteum.
An exaggerated curvature of the lumbar region is
lordosis.
which of the following bones is not paired
mandible
Some marrow of long bones is termed "red" marrow. The function of red marrow is to
manufacture blood cells.
which of the following statements about bone remodeling is correct
mechanical stress applied to bone increases osteoblast activity
Due to the dilation of smooth muscle in the walls of the dermal blood vessels
more blood flows to the skin
A person who gets hit in the back of the head might suffer from a ___ injury
occipital
Which of the following bones is part of the neurocranium?
occipital bone
Which type of bone cells give rise to osteoblasts?
osteochondral progenitor cell
Which of the following is correctly matched?
osteocytes- function in bone remodeling endosteum- lines outside of long bone osteoblasts- breakdown bone tissue osteoclasts- derived from stem cells known as monocytes periosteum- lines medullary cavity ANSWER: osteoclasts- derived from stem cells known as monocytes
The layer of the dermis that is responsible for our fingerprints is the
papillary layer
Cedric slipped and cut his finger. The cut bled, but did not penetrate to the hypodermis. The deepest layer penetrated was the
papillary layer of the dermis.
Select the regions that are composed of loose connective tissue.
papillary, Subcutaneous tissue or hypodermis
Which of the following is mismatched?
parathyroid hormone - increases calcium loss in the kidneys
The sequence of events that produces growth at the epiphyseal plate is
proliferation, hypertrophy, calcification, cell death, ossification, and remodeling.
Which of the following functions is associated with the skin?
protection against ultraviolet radiation of the sun
If you break the lateral bone of your forearm, you have fractured your
radius
Vitamin C is essential for normal collagen synthesis. If a child suffered from a vitamin C deficiency, which layer of the skin would be most affected?
reticular layer of dermis
Which of the statements concerning ribs is correct
ribs 1-7 are classified as true ribs there are five pairs of floating ribs the false ribs attach directly to the sternum with costal cartilage floating ribs do not attach to vertebrae ANSWER: ribs 1-7 are classified as true ribs
What are some bones that belong to the axial skeleton?
ribs, sternum, vertebrae, occipital
Skin glands do not include
salivary glands
Which does not describe osteoclasts
secretes enzymes to digest matrix secrete NACl to breakdown bone multinucleated with a ruffled border play a role in bone remodeling ANSWER: secrete NACl to breakdown bone
Manubrium, body, and xiphoid process are all parts of the
sternum.
the layer of epidermis that undergoes mitosis and forms new epidermal cells is the
stratum basale
the layer of epidermis farthest away from the dermis is the
stratum corneum
If you accidentally cut your arm and see connective tissue and fat you have cut the
stratum corneum, stratum basale, dermis, hypodermis
In which layer of the epidermis are granules of keratohyalin formed?
stratum granulosum
Jodie scrapped her knee when she fell off of her bike, why was ther no blood?
the epidermis was affected because it is avascular
The longitudinal growth of long bones ceases when
the epiphyseal plate is completely replaced with bone tissue.
The ribs articulate with the _____ vertebrae.
thoracic
Which of the curvatures of the vertebral column persist from before birth until later
thoracic and sacral
If you break the medial bone in your forearm, you have fractured your
ulna
which of the following is correctly matched
vertebral foramen- contains and protects spinal cord
Those ribs that attach directly to the sternum are referred to as _____ ribs.
vertebrosternal
Andrew is in a car accident and fractures his maxilla.what group of bones is it in
viscerocranium
One type of experimental contraceptive device is a skin patch that contains a chemical absorbed through the skin. Which of the following substances might be the type of chemical involved?
water soluble substances
Which of the following is true?
yellow marrow- stores adipose tissue
Check all of the bones that can be visualized with an anterior view of the skull.
Maxilla, Nasal bone, Zygomatic bone