Bio final

What number of kingdoms used in our class for classification?

5

Write the equation for photosynthesis

6CO2 + 6H2O + light = C6H12O6 + 6O2.

If a brain cell of an organism has 14 chromosomes as its diploid number, how many chromosomes would be expected to be found in its sperm?

7 from a parent

The part of the cell that is mostly water, with nutrients mixed with it, and helps suspend the organelles of the cell.

Cytoplasm

When related species become dissimilar as they evolve, they undergo what type of evolution?

Divergent evolution

List the taxonomic categories from largest to smallest

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

What are the structures that transport materials around the cell?

Endoplasmic reticulum

Changes in the foot of different species of fossil horses indicate that horses have done what?

Evolved into a new environment

How well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment is know as what?

Fitness

A cell spends mot of its time in what phase?

Interphase

The period between cell division is called?

Interphase

During strenuous exercise, the buildup of lactic acid in muscle cells result from what?

Lactic acid fermentation

What process makes gametes(Sex cells) in humans?

Meiosis

Evolution generally takes how long?

1 million years

How many ATP (net) can be gained in glycolysis?

2

At the end of meiosis the number of daughter cells produced is what number, and how do they compare to the parent cell, to each other?

2 daughter cells that share the same amount of chromosomes as their parents

The species name of the common fruit fly is melanogaster, its genus name is Drosophila, what is its correct scientific name?

Melanogaster

The movement of separated chromatids toward opposite poles happens in?

Metaphase

Compare mitosis and meiosis

Mitosis is somatic cell division that produces two identical cells with the same number (diploid) and kinds of chromosomes as the original cell. Meiosis is reproductive cell division that produces cells in which the number of chromosomes in the nucleus is reduced in half (haploid)

The leaves of a plant appear green because chlorophyll does what?

Uses pigments

Some unicellular organisms have a contractile valucole that "squirts" excess water that keeps entering the cell out so that it does not swell and rupture killing the cell. This is needed because the freshwater environment is what situation (osmistically) compared to the cell?

Valcuoles are used to regulate water

The pelvis of a whale and the appendix of a human are what type of organs?

Vestigial

Give three types, not examples, of evidence used to support evolution and explain one in detail.

Vestigial structures, bio geographical evidence, fossils. Fossils show that some organisms in the past had different body parents than the species living now, showing evolution.

The evolutionary history of a species is known as?

phylogeny

The principal compounds that living things use to store energy is(the cells energy source)

ATP

Natural selection is an example of the inheritance of what kind of characteristic traits?

Acquired traits

Cell using its ATP to move large materials into the call is called?

Active transport

As environments change, organisms must do what

Adapt

A net total of 36 molecules of ATP are produced from 1 molecule of glucose as a result of what?

Aerobic respiration

Because fermentation takes place in the absence of oxygen, it is said to be what?

Anaerobic

The function of lysosomes function in cells is to do what?

Break down worn out cells

The Krebs Cycle is found in respiration. Which cycle is found in photosynthesis?

Calvin Cycle

In addition to light and chlorophyll, photosynthesis requires what?

Carbon-dioxide and water

Which structure directly controls the transport of materials in and out of a cell?

Cell membrane

The theory of evolution states that species do what over time?

Change

In what organelle does photosynthesis take place?

Chloroplast

Kingdoms are divided into phyla, and a phylum is divided into which group?

Classes

What is the site of cellular respiration, so recharges ADP back to ATP.

In the mitochondria

In the scheme of classification, a family comes immediately after? And before?

Order, genus

The type of movement across membranes that only applies to water s called?

Osmosis

What raw materials are needed for cellular respiration?

Oxygen+glucose

Mitochondria role in the cell is to do what?

Power the cell

The red maple is classified as Acer rubrum. What is its species name?

Red maple

Directly produces proteins for the cell?

Ribisomes

What are homologous structers and give some examples?

They have a common ancestor. We have hands, cats have paws, bats have wings

According to the process of natural selection, individuals having variations that give them an advantage in obtaining limited resources will likely do what?

Stay the fittest

The contact between homologous chromosomes during meiosis is called ?

Synapsis

What kingdom has organisms that are multicellular with tissue, eukaryotic, and autotrophic?

The domain of plantae

In eukaryotic cells where most of the DNA is found where?

The nucleus

What controls most of the functions in a living cell?

The nucleus

Explain what is happening when a cell is in an equilibrium situation with its environment?

There will be no net flow of water into or out of the cell, and the cell's volume will remain stable.

What is the theory of evolution?

natural selection