Bio final
What number of kingdoms used in our class for classification?
5
Write the equation for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O + light = C6H12O6 + 6O2.
If a brain cell of an organism has 14 chromosomes as its diploid number, how many chromosomes would be expected to be found in its sperm?
7 from a parent
The part of the cell that is mostly water, with nutrients mixed with it, and helps suspend the organelles of the cell.
Cytoplasm
When related species become dissimilar as they evolve, they undergo what type of evolution?
Divergent evolution
List the taxonomic categories from largest to smallest
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
What are the structures that transport materials around the cell?
Endoplasmic reticulum
Changes in the foot of different species of fossil horses indicate that horses have done what?
Evolved into a new environment
How well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment is know as what?
Fitness
A cell spends mot of its time in what phase?
Interphase
The period between cell division is called?
Interphase
During strenuous exercise, the buildup of lactic acid in muscle cells result from what?
Lactic acid fermentation
What process makes gametes(Sex cells) in humans?
Meiosis
Evolution generally takes how long?
1 million years
How many ATP (net) can be gained in glycolysis?
2
At the end of meiosis the number of daughter cells produced is what number, and how do they compare to the parent cell, to each other?
2 daughter cells that share the same amount of chromosomes as their parents
The species name of the common fruit fly is melanogaster, its genus name is Drosophila, what is its correct scientific name?
Melanogaster
The movement of separated chromatids toward opposite poles happens in?
Metaphase
Compare mitosis and meiosis
Mitosis is somatic cell division that produces two identical cells with the same number (diploid) and kinds of chromosomes as the original cell. Meiosis is reproductive cell division that produces cells in which the number of chromosomes in the nucleus is reduced in half (haploid)
The leaves of a plant appear green because chlorophyll does what?
Uses pigments
Some unicellular organisms have a contractile valucole that "squirts" excess water that keeps entering the cell out so that it does not swell and rupture killing the cell. This is needed because the freshwater environment is what situation (osmistically) compared to the cell?
Valcuoles are used to regulate water
The pelvis of a whale and the appendix of a human are what type of organs?
Vestigial
Give three types, not examples, of evidence used to support evolution and explain one in detail.
Vestigial structures, bio geographical evidence, fossils. Fossils show that some organisms in the past had different body parents than the species living now, showing evolution.
The evolutionary history of a species is known as?
phylogeny
The principal compounds that living things use to store energy is(the cells energy source)
ATP
Natural selection is an example of the inheritance of what kind of characteristic traits?
Acquired traits
Cell using its ATP to move large materials into the call is called?
Active transport
As environments change, organisms must do what
Adapt
A net total of 36 molecules of ATP are produced from 1 molecule of glucose as a result of what?
Aerobic respiration
Because fermentation takes place in the absence of oxygen, it is said to be what?
Anaerobic
The function of lysosomes function in cells is to do what?
Break down worn out cells
The Krebs Cycle is found in respiration. Which cycle is found in photosynthesis?
Calvin Cycle
In addition to light and chlorophyll, photosynthesis requires what?
Carbon-dioxide and water
Which structure directly controls the transport of materials in and out of a cell?
Cell membrane
The theory of evolution states that species do what over time?
Change
In what organelle does photosynthesis take place?
Chloroplast
Kingdoms are divided into phyla, and a phylum is divided into which group?
Classes
What is the site of cellular respiration, so recharges ADP back to ATP.
In the mitochondria
In the scheme of classification, a family comes immediately after? And before?
Order, genus
The type of movement across membranes that only applies to water s called?
Osmosis
What raw materials are needed for cellular respiration?
Oxygen+glucose
Mitochondria role in the cell is to do what?
Power the cell
The red maple is classified as Acer rubrum. What is its species name?
Red maple
Directly produces proteins for the cell?
Ribisomes
What are homologous structers and give some examples?
They have a common ancestor. We have hands, cats have paws, bats have wings
According to the process of natural selection, individuals having variations that give them an advantage in obtaining limited resources will likely do what?
Stay the fittest
The contact between homologous chromosomes during meiosis is called ?
Synapsis
What kingdom has organisms that are multicellular with tissue, eukaryotic, and autotrophic?
The domain of plantae
In eukaryotic cells where most of the DNA is found where?
The nucleus
What controls most of the functions in a living cell?
The nucleus
Explain what is happening when a cell is in an equilibrium situation with its environment?
There will be no net flow of water into or out of the cell, and the cell's volume will remain stable.
What is the theory of evolution?
natural selection
