Bio II Tests 1+2

Order ____ includes the turtles and tortoises.

Testudines

Diploblastic animals, such as cnidarians and _____ , have only two germ layers, ectoderm and _________ .

ctenophores, endoderm

Hagfishes are differentiated from lampreys and all other fishes in that:

hagfishes lack vertebrate

Urochordates are odd chordates, as typically only the ____ show(s) the basic chordate characteristics.

larva

Viruses that do not destroy their host cell and instead integrate their DNA are:

lysogenic

Microsporocytes divide by ____ to form ____.

meiosis, microspores

A plant with parallel veins and floral parts in threes or multiples of three would be classified as a:

monocot

If adult sponges are sessile, why can they still be classified as animals?

sponge larvae are motile

In ______ selection, individuals with a phenotype near the mean are favored over those at the phenotypic extremes.

stabilizing

Which best describes a population that forms a new species within the same geographical region as the original species?

sympatric speciation

The logistic equation:

takes into account the carrying capacity of the environment.

Density-independent factors:

typically abiotic

Tunicates (also called ascidians or sea squirts) are ____ in the phylum __________ .

urochordates, chordata

What is the function of the structure labeled as B in the accompanying figure? (cilia)

To adhere to surfaces or other bacteria

What is the purpose of sex pili?

To transmit DNA between bacteria

The chordate nerve cord is____ and located _________

hollow, dorsally

If individuals in the same town continue to only mate with other individuals from the same town, one would expect to see an increase in homozygosity within the population.

homozygosity

A _____ is a filament that makes up the vegetative body of most fungi.

hypha

The monotremes (Protheria) are an unusual group of mammals because they:

lay eggs

snails and slugs

mollusca

squids

mollusca

A grasshopper belongs in the Ecdysozoa clade because of its ability to:

molt

Most conifers have separate male and female reproductive parts on the same tree. This condition is referred to as:

monoecious.

What are the structures labeled as G in the accompanying figure? (dots all in the cytoplasm of the bacteria)

ribosomes

Generally, r-selected organisms exhibit:

short life spans and early maturity

Which of the mollusks have a closed circulatory system?

squids

Which of the following can produce a population of individuals with a relatively high frequency of a harmful or rare allele?

the founder effect

Echinoderms are unique because:

their larvae are bilaterally symmetrical while the adult is pentaradially symmetrical.

Which is a characteristic of all annelids?

they have a segmented body

Sponges have specialized cells, but those cells are not organized into:

tissues

What is the purpose of protonephridia in flatworms?

to excrete waste

Which term best describes a very short, circular, single strand of naked RNA with no protective coat and no associated proteins to assist in duplication, that has infective capabilities?

viroid

Which statement about bacteria is FALSE?

Bacteria are not cellular and are sometimes not classified as life forms.

Which statement about bilateral symmetry is FALSE?

Bilateral symmetry evolved in cnidarians.

A fish with a cartilaginous skeleton and paired fins would be in the group:

Chondrichthyes.

In phylogenetic systematics, membership in a clade can be established by shared ancestral traits.

False

Variations that are acquired during the life of an individual that are favorable to the survival of an organism tend to be present in greater frequency in the next generation of those organisms.

False

One ancestral characteristic remaining in representatives of the Chytridiomycota, and not in any other phyla of fungi, is:

Flagellated cells

A characteristic that is independently acquired by reversal or convergent evolution exhibits ________.

Homoplasy

Systematists use phylogenetic trees to graphically represent ____________ among organisms.

Hypothesized evolutionary relationships

Why is the Hardy-Weinberg principle useful to biologists?

It identifies those factors that can change allele or genotype frequencies.

flatworms

Platyhelminthes

tapeworms

Platyhelminthes

Order the hierarchical levels of ecological organization

Population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

Which animal phylum has an asymmetrical body plan?

Porifera

Why is it believed that RNA was the first informational molecule to evolve?

RNA molecules are able to function as both catalytic molecules and substrates for their own replication.

"wheel animals"

Rotifera

What does p2 represent within the Hardy-Weinberg equation?

The homozygous dominant genotype at a given locus

How do leeches differ from other annelids?

They do not have setae or parapodia

Which are evolutionary modifications that improve the survival and reproductive success of an organism?

adaptations

In the accompanying figure, note the variation in these closely related birds. What does this illustrate? (Figure of yellow and red birds)

adaptive radiation

The most diverse, successful, and familiar group of plants today are the:

angiosperms

earthworms

annelida

leeches

annelida

Plasmids of bacteria often have genes involved in:

antibiotic resistance

One true characteristic of all animals is that they:

are heterotrophs

centipedes

arthropoda

lobsters

arthropoda

Which of the following statements about arthropods is FALSE?

arthropods have an incomplete digestive tract

As adults, ____ are the only sessile crustaceans whose external anatomy is completely different than its fellow crustaceans.

barnacles

The overuse of antibiotics is one of the world's most pressing health problems because it has led to a dangerous increase in antibiotic resistant bacteria. This has occurred as a result of:

directional selection within the bacterial population.

A(n) ____ is the transition zone where two ecosystems meet and intergrade.

ecotone

Which of the following is NOT an adaptation needed for living on land?

external respiratory surfaces

Segmentation in arthropods differs from that of annelids because arthropod segments are:

more specialized

In most protostomes, the blastopore develops into the:

mouth

Which process provides the genetic variability that natural selection acts on during evolution?

mutation

roundworms

nematoda

An example of a density-dependent factor that influences the size of a population is:

parasites

Which of the following are an example of a gymnosperm?

pines

An animal found in the rocky intertidal zone has eight overlapping plates and is tightly adhering to the rock with a muscular foot. This animal is most likely a member of the class:

polyplacophora

sponges

porifera

Behavioral and mechanical isolation are classified as what type of reproductive barrier?

prezygotic barriers

Determinate cleavage takes place in _______ and is characterized by a pattern of development where the ultimate fate of each cell is

protostomes, fixed early in the developmental process

Which structure do numerous mollusks use to scrape algae off rocks?

radula

When the size of a population greatly exceeds K, we can expect that the population will:

rapidly decrease

Birds are most closely related to:

reptiles

In which group did the amniotic egg first evolve?

reptiles

What would be the growth rate (r) of an island population of 1000 that has 20 births per 100 population, 20 death per 100 population, 10 immigrants per 100 population, and 5 emigrants per 100 population?

0.05

Refer to the accompanying table. What is the allele frequency of allele H? (Use three decimal points) Genotype Number HH 124 Hh 670 hh 410

0.381

The outgroup in this tree is: Fill the blank only with the letter or number that corresponds to your answer.

1

In a certain population, the allele frequencies of the M and N blood group alleles are 0.25 and 0.75, respectively. How many of a population of 600 would be expected to have MN blood type if the population is in genetic equilibrium for the MN locus?

225

The heart of amphibians has ______ chambers. The hearts of birds and mammals have _______ chambers.

3, 4

Which statement about mycorrhizae is FALSE?

Arbuscular mycorrhizae are extracellular.

spiders

Arthropoda

The most prevalent groups of fungi are:

Ascomycota and Basidiomycota

What is the most recent common ancestor of organisms 4 and 5 in the accompanying figure? Fill the blank only with the letter or number that corresponds to your answer.

D

_______is the process that marks the start of the dikaryotic stage (n + n) in the fungal reproductive cycle. At some point the two nuclei in the dikaryotic cell fuse and form a zygote nucleus. This process is called________

Karyogamy, plasmogamy

What are the two clades of the protostomes?

Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa

Which is an example of nonrandom mating?

Selecting a mate by their phenotype

Linnaeus simplified scientific classification by developing:

binomial system of nomenclature.

Gas exchange in arachnids takes place by tracheal tubes, ____, or both.

book lungs

You are told that the digestive tract of the animal you are studying developed an anus before a mouth. You realize that you may be looking at a(n):

cat

The cell walls of fungi are composed of:

chitin

According to the endosymbiont theory, which organelle evolved from photosynthetic bacteria?

chloroplasts

Sponges are believed to have arisen from the choanoflagellates because they possess:

choanocytes

comb jellies

cnetophores

corals

cnidaria

In cnidarians, nematocysts are housed within why type of specialized cell?

cnidocytes

Your abdominal cavity, which contains most of your major organs, is a:

coelom lined by mesoderm