Bio midterm review answer key

A hypothesis is most often defined as a(n)

"if/then" statement that is also an educated guess.

Identify two internal environmental factors that directly influence the rate of enzyme action.

1. Temperature 2. ph

Which statements listed below are associated with cell theory? (A) Cells are the basic units of structure in living things. (B) Cells are the basic units of function in living things. ( C) Cells come from pre-existing cells.

A,B and C

Which one of the following is not a scientific theory initiated or revolutionized by the invention of the light microscope?

Atoms are composed of smaller particles

In a marine ecosystem, algae are able to use sunlight and inorganic materials to make their own food. Clams feed on the algae by filtering them out of the water. In this ecosystem, the algae act as

Autotroph

Compare the processes of diffusion and osmosis.

Both are movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration. Osmosis is specific h20

Which of following nutrients from food serves as the fuel that allows the body to undergo cellular respiration

Carbohydrates

All the plant and animal life present in one cubic foot of soil makes up a

Community

Which will most probably occur when two organisms in the same habitat occupy the same niche?

Competition

Recycling of matter back into the ecosystem is done by

Decomposers

A student viewing a specimen under low power of a compound light microscope switched to high power and noticed that the field of view darkened considerably. Which microscope part should the student adjust to brighten the field of view?

Diaphragm

A dog trainer is trying to evaluate how attentive his dog is to different whistle sounds. He observes his dog's responses to many different whistles of varying pitch and then decides which one is most effective. Assuming he uses a good experimental design in his selection, what is the independent variable?

Different whistles sounds

What term best describes the process of breaking down food into simpler substances?

Digestion

What information is represented by a food web

Energy transfer in an ecosystem

What organic compounds is most celss

Glucose

Osmosis is the movement of water across cell membranes to maintain equal concentrations of dissolved particles on both sides of the membrane. Which one of the following best explains why there is no risk of cells in the human body taking in too much water into the cell?

Human cells are located in environments that have similar concentrations of dissolved particles.

A student writes the following statement: "If I exercise three times each week and reduce the amount of fatty food that I eat, then I will lose weight and decrease my cholesterol level. This is a example of

Hypothesis

An ecosystem is not considered to be self- sustaining if

It lacks a constant supply of energy

How would an increase in producers likely affect a particular food chain in a given habitat?

More organisms would move into the area because more food is available.

An oak tree provides food and shelter to organisms. It makes its own food through photosynthesis. This description of the oak tree in its environment represents the oak tree's

Niche

What type of organisms do decomposers feed upon?

Producers, herbivores, and carnivore

All chemical breakdown processes in cells directly involve

Reactions that are controlled by catalysts

What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?

Shipping and storing cellular products

What type of molecule would be produced by the linking together of many molecules of glucose?

Starch

A science professor stated, "Scientific progress is made by asking good questions and performing careful investigations." Which one of the following ideas supports this statement?

Students should form their own questions and design investigations to find the answers.

Explain why changing the shape of an enzyme could affect the ability of the enzyme to function.

The shape of the enzyme's active site determines what can bind to it

What should occur if there is no difference in concentration of solute on either side of a semi-permeable membrane, such as a cell membrane

The system is in equilibrium with no net change in water movement across the membrane.

Which one of the following statements describes starches, fats, proteins, and DNA?

They are complex molecules made from smaller molecules.

Why is it crucial to conduct historical and background research before your experiment or research begins?

To make sure you avoid pitfalls encountered by other researchers

The function of most proteins depends primarily on the

Type and order of amino acids

The cell theory states that all living things are made up of

cells

Chemical analysis of mitochondria indicates that these organelles

contain ATP molecules

By making predictions about how untested factors may affect experimental results, researchers are able to

create good research plans that address untested factors and set a path for future studies

What process allows materials to pass through the cell membrane in order to enter or exit the cell?

diffusion

The study of the interactions between organisms and their interrelationships with the physical environment is known as

ecology

All cells of an organism are engaged in many different chemical reactions. This fact is best supported by the presence in each cell of thousands of different kinds of

enzymes

To identify questions and concepts that guide scientific investigations, one should

formulate a testable hypothesis and demonstrate the logical connections between the scientific concepts.

Which invention most influenced the development of the cell theory?

light microscope

A biologist diluted a blood sample with distilled water. While observing the sample under a microscope, she noted that the red blood cells burst. This bursting is most likely the result of which process?

osmosis

Which structures are found in every living cell?

plasma membrane and cytoplasm

Which of the following groups contain only molecules that are each assembled from smaller organic compounds?

proteins, DNA, fats, starch

Which one of the following is the best example of an organism's niche?

rabbit acts as an herbivore in its environment.

The ecological niche of an organism refers to the

role organism plays in community

Research that leads to new experiments, discoveries, and revelations are most influenced by

scientific evidence that has been accumulated in the past.

Most of the starch stored in the cells of a potato is composed of molecules that originally entered these cells as

simple sugars

two examples of carbohydrates

sugars and starches

An independent variable is

the condition that is being tested in the experiment.

Which organism is considered an exception to the cell theory because it has a noncellular structure?

virus

Which inorganic substance found in living matter aids in the diffusion of gases through a cell membrane?

water

Which molecule will most likely diffuse through a cell membrane?

water

The process of osmosis would explain the net movement of water into a cell if the percentage of

water was 90% inside the cell and 95% outside the cell