Bio Primate

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Biological species concept

- A group of species that are able to interbreed and produce FERTILE offspring in a natural setting - Ancestral relationships

Archaea:

-Auto and hetero -Extremophiles -Prokaryote -Cell wall -unicellular

Cro-Magnon

-Beginning of hunter gatherer societies -Sophisticated tools -Fished -Tailored clothing -Domesticated animals

Advantages of Bipedalism

-Can carry objects -Can see over tall grass for food and predators

Protista

-Eukaryotic organisms that are unicellular, colonial, or multicellular -Auto or hetero -Junk drawer

Homo Neanderthalensis

-Evidence suggested that they used fire and constructed shelters -Buried their dead -Hunted and skinned animals -Had basic language (built shelter)

Virus

-Not living -A nucleic acid surrounded by a protein point

Disadvantages to Bipedalism

-Strain on hips and back -Can't run as fast -Easier target for predators, as your easier to see.

Fungi:

-Unicellular or multicellular eukaryote that absorb nutrients from organic materials in its environment -Heterotrophic, lack motility, have cells walls -Cell walls contain chitin -Hyphae: filaments responsible for growth, feeding, and reproduction -Heterotrophic

Animalia:

-heterotrophic, multicellular eukaryotes -No cell walls

Plantae:

-multicellular + have cell walls composed of cellulose -autotrophic -eukaryote

Bacteria:

-prokaryotes -cell walls contain peptidoglycan -Unicellular -Auto or hetero trophic

Rules:

1. First letter of genus is capitalized, all other letters of genus and specific epithet are lower case 2. If scientific name is printed in book or magazine, it should be italicized 3. If name is written by hand, both parts should be underlined 4. After scientific name has been written completely, the genus then can be abbreviated to first letter

Binomial Nomenclature (came from Linneaus)

1. Genus name 2. Specific epithet (species) Basis is Latin

When did Homo sapiens first appear in fossil record

195,000

Lucy

A. afarensis or Australopithecus afarensis

To classify species, scientists construct patterns of descent (phylogenies) by using characters (inherited features that vary among species

Analogous characters= not a close evolutionary relationship Homologous characters= shows similarities between common ancestors More shared DNA sequences=more shared genes, more evidence of recent common ancestor Ancestral characters: found within the entire line of descent of a group of organisms Derived characteristics: present in members of one group of the line but not in the common ancestor

Homo Sapiens:

Axes and stone tools

Three Domains

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

Binocular Vision

Front facing eyes that create overlapping fields of vision, allowing for a greater field of depth perception to detect movement and judge distances.

all non-monkey anthropoids

Hominoids

Hominins

Humans and all their distinct relatives

Out-of-Africa Hypothesis:

Humans evolved in Africa and migrated to all parts of the world

Species

Least Broad

Domain

Most broad

Aristotle's system

Organisms were either plants or animals, animals had red blood

Homo

Primate genus to first control fire and manipulate stone tools

Linnaeus's System

Taxonomic organization

Bipedal:

Walk upright on two legs

Genus

a group of species that are closely related and share common ancestor

Diurnal

active during the day

Homo erectus

ancestor from which humans evolved

Phylogenetic species concept

ancestry and descent

Typological species concept

based on physical similarities, Linnaeus and Aristotle

What grew as primates evolved

brain capacity

Cladogram

branching diagram that represents the proposed phylogeny or evolutionary history of a species or group

Homo ergaster

first homo species known to migrate in large numbers and have human nose with nostrils facing downward (migrated)

Analogous

no common ancestor

Homologous

same structure + common ancestor

Taxonomic Categories

species Genus Family Order Class: Phylum Kingdom Domain

Manual Dexterity

the ability to manipulate or grasp objects with hands

Homo Habilis

used of stone tools


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