Bio Primate
Biological species concept
- A group of species that are able to interbreed and produce FERTILE offspring in a natural setting - Ancestral relationships
Archaea:
-Auto and hetero -Extremophiles -Prokaryote -Cell wall -unicellular
Cro-Magnon
-Beginning of hunter gatherer societies -Sophisticated tools -Fished -Tailored clothing -Domesticated animals
Advantages of Bipedalism
-Can carry objects -Can see over tall grass for food and predators
Protista
-Eukaryotic organisms that are unicellular, colonial, or multicellular -Auto or hetero -Junk drawer
Homo Neanderthalensis
-Evidence suggested that they used fire and constructed shelters -Buried their dead -Hunted and skinned animals -Had basic language (built shelter)
Virus
-Not living -A nucleic acid surrounded by a protein point
Disadvantages to Bipedalism
-Strain on hips and back -Can't run as fast -Easier target for predators, as your easier to see.
Fungi:
-Unicellular or multicellular eukaryote that absorb nutrients from organic materials in its environment -Heterotrophic, lack motility, have cells walls -Cell walls contain chitin -Hyphae: filaments responsible for growth, feeding, and reproduction -Heterotrophic
Animalia:
-heterotrophic, multicellular eukaryotes -No cell walls
Plantae:
-multicellular + have cell walls composed of cellulose -autotrophic -eukaryote
Bacteria:
-prokaryotes -cell walls contain peptidoglycan -Unicellular -Auto or hetero trophic
Rules:
1. First letter of genus is capitalized, all other letters of genus and specific epithet are lower case 2. If scientific name is printed in book or magazine, it should be italicized 3. If name is written by hand, both parts should be underlined 4. After scientific name has been written completely, the genus then can be abbreviated to first letter
Binomial Nomenclature (came from Linneaus)
1. Genus name 2. Specific epithet (species) Basis is Latin
When did Homo sapiens first appear in fossil record
195,000
Lucy
A. afarensis or Australopithecus afarensis
To classify species, scientists construct patterns of descent (phylogenies) by using characters (inherited features that vary among species
Analogous characters= not a close evolutionary relationship Homologous characters= shows similarities between common ancestors More shared DNA sequences=more shared genes, more evidence of recent common ancestor Ancestral characters: found within the entire line of descent of a group of organisms Derived characteristics: present in members of one group of the line but not in the common ancestor
Homo Sapiens:
Axes and stone tools
Three Domains
Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
Binocular Vision
Front facing eyes that create overlapping fields of vision, allowing for a greater field of depth perception to detect movement and judge distances.
all non-monkey anthropoids
Hominoids
Hominins
Humans and all their distinct relatives
Out-of-Africa Hypothesis:
Humans evolved in Africa and migrated to all parts of the world
Species
Least Broad
Domain
Most broad
Aristotle's system
Organisms were either plants or animals, animals had red blood
Homo
Primate genus to first control fire and manipulate stone tools
Linnaeus's System
Taxonomic organization
Bipedal:
Walk upright on two legs
Genus
a group of species that are closely related and share common ancestor
Diurnal
active during the day
Homo erectus
ancestor from which humans evolved
Phylogenetic species concept
ancestry and descent
Typological species concept
based on physical similarities, Linnaeus and Aristotle
What grew as primates evolved
brain capacity
Cladogram
branching diagram that represents the proposed phylogeny or evolutionary history of a species or group
Homo ergaster
first homo species known to migrate in large numbers and have human nose with nostrils facing downward (migrated)
Analogous
no common ancestor
Homologous
same structure + common ancestor
Taxonomic Categories
species Genus Family Order Class: Phylum Kingdom Domain
Manual Dexterity
the ability to manipulate or grasp objects with hands
Homo Habilis
used of stone tools
