Bio Psych Final

Agonist

A drug that is able to mimic the effects of a neurotransmitter is called a

Blood brain barrier

A mechanism that prevents certain molecule from entering the brain but allows others to cross

The threshold of excitation

A membrane produces an action potential whenever the potential across if reaches what level

When the interneuron sense excitatorymessages to one inhibitory messages go to the other

A normal healthy animal never contracts the flexor muscles and the extensor muscles of the same leg at the same time why not

Right hand and Kaname it

A person who has had split brain surgery who say something in their right visual field can point to it with the

Remembering names of objects

A person with anomia would have the most difficulty with

recognizes that something is wrong with grammatically incorrect sentences

A person with brocas aphasia

they cross their left hand over to the right side of their body

A person with spatial neglect is more likely to notice an object in the left hand if

Activity is more intense and spreads more widely during conscious perception

A single visual pattern is presented under two conditions. Under one condition the viewer is conscious and on the other the viewer is not. How does the activity in the brain differ

Autonomic arousal leads to the experience of emotions

According to James Lange theory which best describes the role of autonomic arousal in the experience of emotions

Focusing attention on emotional stimuli

Across studies involving amygdala damage, the general conclusion seems to be that the amygdala is important for:

Orbital frontal cortex

After a head injury Yuki has difficulty learning which choices are beneficial and which choices are dangerous when she plays new board games with her friends the symptoms are most consistent with damage to her

Temporal

After an accident in individual has trouble with recognizing faces in which cortical lobe did they likely receive damage

Eat only when presented with a very sweet food

After damage to the lateral hypothalamus an animal will most likely

Spending more time in REM sleep

After several hours of sleep, most people are

Testosterone

Among criminals those with higher levels of which of the following 10 to commit more aggressive crimes

Sodium out of the cell or potassium into it

An EPSP is produced by the selective flow

The individual's mother was infected by toxoplasma Gandii parasite

An individual will have a slightly increased chance of developing schizophrenia if

Lack empathy if a child is crying

An individual with frontotemporal dementia is likely to

Serotonin

An individual with the short form of the transporter gene for which of the following neurotransmitters is at increased risk for depression following major stress

Inhibitory message slowing activity of the paraventricular nucleus

Axons from the hunger sensitive cells or the arcuate nucleus to the paraventricular nucleus deliver an

Prefrontal cortex will override basal ganglia

Blair is having to choose between choice a and b normally a would be the best choice and he would prefer it but in the current circumstance b would b the best choice. He makes the best choice because

Mesostriatal system

Blocking dopamine synapses can lead to mobility impairment similar to those scene in Parkinson's disease this affected due to the synapse located in the

Allow neurotransmitter me to activate receptors for longer durations

Blocking the reputable of neurotransmitters will

Little glucose is reaching the cells to be used as fuel

Both high levels in very low levels of insulin lead to increased eating why is this

Temporal summation

Carissa is in the lab working and was able to produce a reflexive response by stimulating one and put rapidly she successfully demonstrated

right hemisphere

Control of the emotional content of speech depends on

epileptic seizures

Damage to the corpus collision prevents

Understanding the meaning of language

Damage to the left hemisphere is more likely than right hemisphere damage to impair which ability?

Chemical; physical

Donald have theories that short term memory was dependent on blank processes and that long-term memory was dependent on blank processes

Synapse between the sensory neuron and motor neuron

During habituation of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia, the change in the nervous system takes place at the:

increased firing by GABA neurons

During sleep, what happens in the brain

Cortisol

During stress the adrenal gland releases

The physical representation of learning in the brain is called a

Engram

Produces extreme over eating

Experimental inhibition of the paraventricular nucleus in rats

Ionotropic

Glutamate opens sodium gates enabling sodium ions to enter post synaptic cell. What type of effect is this

Emotional behaviors

If Geri had disruptions to her Kim iv system, she would likely have problems with

Sensitization

If an intense stimulus is presented, following stimuli provoke a larger withdrawal response from the animal. This is known as

have difficulty remembering where they just placed their keys

If the pre frontal cortex is damaged, an individual may

Just before bed and again when you wake up

If you need to memorize something such as the names and functions of the cranial nerves you should study the list

Are slower and longer lasting

In comparison to Ionotropic receptors metabotrophic receptors effect

Counteract

In general serotonin and cortisol have affects that blank the effect of testosterone

Depolarization

In order to activate the NMDA receptor is blank as required in addition to glutamate

Depend on environmental factors

In regards to individual variation for antisocial and aggressive behavior genetic influences

Pick up grocery items with one hand but return them with the other

Individuals who have had split split brain surgery may at first

Can use symbols and productive combinations

Language studies with Bonobo chimpanzees suggest that bonobos

Functional asymmetries of the brain

Lateralization refers to the ____.

Survive

Levi montalcini found that muscled determine how many axons

Decreased activity and increased eating

Low levels of lepton are associated with

Operant conditioning

Martha spanks her child when they do poorly on exams this is an example of

Blocking dopamine receptors

Most medications for schizophrenia work by

Continue well into the adult years

Myelination and synaptogenesis

The frontal lobe

Non-fluent aphasia in which the individual has difficulty producing language is due to damage that includes

SSRI

Of a typical antidepressant drugs which has the most affinity

Causes the stomach to fill up more quickly

One interpretation of how the hormone CCK promotes satiety is that it

The difficulty of suppressing perceptions driven by expectations

Oscar is participating in a research study where he reports the color of the ink that is used to print the name of a color rather than simply reading the color name itself what is most likely being demonstrated in the research

Conditioned response

Pavlov presented a sound followed by meet in his experiment gradually the sound came to elicit salvation the celebration to the sound in this experiment was the

BDNF

People who have been diagnosed with depression typically have a lower than average levels of

Feelings, cognitions, behaviors, and physiological changes

Psychologists typically define emotions in terms of

a high level of brain activity

REM sleep is characterized by which of the following?

The learning of a conditioned response

Research indicates that the LIP of the cerebellum is necessary for

General Adaptation Syndrome

Seyle inferred that any threat to the body activated a generalized response, which he called

Activity of the Vegas nerve

Signals from the stomach and dudonem are communicated to the brain via

Part of the brain is still asleep

Sometimes people find themselves unable to move their postural muscles immediately after awakening. Why?

HPA axis which becomes increasingly important with prolonged stressors

Stress activates the

fMRI

Suppose you are interested in determining if the activity of the hippocampus is associated with viewing particular objects in humans which method would be the best choice

Attached to sodium channels, blocking sodium from entering and stopping the action potential from sending a pain message

Terrance went to the dentist and was given Novocain. This prevented him from feeling pain because the drug

Neural Darwinism

The concept that neurons refine their many connections based on which ones are most successful is known as:

The basal ganglia

The gradual learning of repetitive behaviors is dependent on which brain structure

Memory

The hippocampus plays a major role in

Retrograde amnesia

The inability to form memories for events that happened before brain damage occurred is a characteristic of

Food availability

The increasing prevalence of obesity can most likely be attributed to changes in

Ganglion cells that are not connected to any cones or rods

The input from the eyes to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, responsible for the shifting phase of the circadian rhythm, originates from

Light

The most potent zeitgeber for land animals is

The prefrontal cortex

The observation that schizophrenia behavioral symptoms seem to develop in adolescence or early adulthood coincide with the delayed maturation of which brain area

Hypothalamus

The release of hormones from the pituitary gland is controlled by the

Language learning

The social gating hypothesis supports the requirement of social interactions for blank to occur

The identity oosition

The view that mental processes and certain kinds of brain processes are the same thing, described in a different term is known as

It enables glucose in the blood stream to enter cells

Through what mechanism does insulin affect appetite

the presence of myelin

WhT will most effect the speed of an action potential in vertebrates

The startle response

What common measure of fear or anxiety is popular because it can be used with non humans as well as humans

They decrease it below the spontaneous firing rate

What do IPSP do to the firing range of neurons

Sensory neuron motor neuron muscle

What is the proper order of neurons in the reflex arc from first to last

Resting potential

What term describe the difference in voltage that typically exist between the inside and the outside of a neuron

Oligodendrocytes

What type of glial cells myelinate axons in the brain and spinal cord

Both axons innervated their original target

When Sperry rotated the frogs eye where did the axons terminate

Corticalmedialamygdala

When a hamster and counters an intruder in the cage activity in which brain area builds up until time attacks

Biological relatives than adopting relatives

When an adopted child develops schizophrenia, the disease is significantly more probable among the

LIP and red nucleus

When classical conditioning successfully paired a tone to the iBlink response activity was observed in the blank in response to the tone

False

When heterosexual man we're giving oxytocin or a placebo prior to meeting an attractive woman the oxytocin had no effect on married man but it cost single men to stand closer to the attractive woman

Open allowing potassium ions to flow out

When the excitation threshold has been met potassium channels

ratio of epsp to ipsp

Whether a neuron fires an action potential is determined by the

SNRI

Which category of antidepressant drugs operates by blocking the transporter proteins that reabsorb serotonin and norepinephrine into the presynaptic neuron after the release

The concentration gradient and electrical gradient both moves sodium ions in

Which describes how concentration and electrical gradient act on sodium ions when neuron is at rest

a normal startle response, but absence of learned fears

Which effect is likely to result from damage to the amygdala?

Working implicit memory but not explicit memory

Which of the following accurately describes HM's memory problems

Chemospecificity

Which of the following best describes the process by which developing axons find their general targets

Wernicke's involves understanding while brocas involves speaking

Which of the following describes an important difference between the two types of aphasia

Reticular formation

Which of the following extends from the medulla into the forebrain to regulate arousal

The occipital lobe is required for tactile and auditory processing

Which of the following is true about cortisol reprocessing of sensations in individuals blind since birth

Ectoderm

Which of the three primary germ layers develops into neural tissue

Activated auto receptors decrease neurotransmitter release

Which statement about autoreceptors is accurate

Far more neurons are produced than will ultimately survive

Which statement most accurately describes embryonic development of the nervous system in humans

Thalamus

Which structure provides the main source of input to the cerebral cortex

Transmission between neurons at synapses is slower than transmissions along axon

Why is the speed of conduction through a reflex arc slower than the speed of conduction of an action potential along an axon

Tipping the balance of excitation could push them into a mania state

Why might it be dangerous to increase neurotransmitter activity with typical anti depressants in someone with bipolar disorder

sympathetic nervous system

You are walking after dark when a sudden noise frightens you. Your heart pounds, your pulse races, and your breathing rate increases. These responses are due to

Memory of past events

after damage to the hippocampus HM had the most problems with

have fewer pleasant experiences

as compared to people without depression, individuals with depression

paraventricular

damage to which area of hypothalamus is likely to result in increased meal size

Inattentional blindness

failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere

medulla, pons, cerebellum

hindbrain consists of:

Neurotransmitters

loewi repeatedly stimulated the vagus nerd thereby decreasing a frogs heart rate he then collected fluid from around that heart transferred it to a second frogs heart and found that the second frog heart rate decreased what was loewi transferring

parietal lobe

someone who loses ability to identify objects by feeling them has suffered damage to which cerebral cortex

phi phenomenon

the fact that we fill in perceptual gaps with expectations is demonstrated by

prefrontal cortex

the problems that schizophrenics have with memory are most likely related to an increased tendency of having brain abnormalities in the

it speeds up the action potential down the length of the axon

what is the importance of the myelin sheath

Melatonin

which hormone released by pineal influences both circadian and cut annual rhythms

neurocognitive

which hypothesis suggests that dreams are just thinking that takes place under unusual conditions

dopamine

which neurotransmitter is important for addiction

concentration gradient moves it out and electrical gradient moves it in

which statement correctly describes how concentration gradient and electrical gradient act on potassium ions