Bio Psych Final
Agonist
A drug that is able to mimic the effects of a neurotransmitter is called a
Blood brain barrier
A mechanism that prevents certain molecule from entering the brain but allows others to cross
The threshold of excitation
A membrane produces an action potential whenever the potential across if reaches what level
When the interneuron sense excitatorymessages to one inhibitory messages go to the other
A normal healthy animal never contracts the flexor muscles and the extensor muscles of the same leg at the same time why not
Right hand and Kaname it
A person who has had split brain surgery who say something in their right visual field can point to it with the
Remembering names of objects
A person with anomia would have the most difficulty with
recognizes that something is wrong with grammatically incorrect sentences
A person with brocas aphasia
they cross their left hand over to the right side of their body
A person with spatial neglect is more likely to notice an object in the left hand if
Activity is more intense and spreads more widely during conscious perception
A single visual pattern is presented under two conditions. Under one condition the viewer is conscious and on the other the viewer is not. How does the activity in the brain differ
Autonomic arousal leads to the experience of emotions
According to James Lange theory which best describes the role of autonomic arousal in the experience of emotions
Focusing attention on emotional stimuli
Across studies involving amygdala damage, the general conclusion seems to be that the amygdala is important for:
Orbital frontal cortex
After a head injury Yuki has difficulty learning which choices are beneficial and which choices are dangerous when she plays new board games with her friends the symptoms are most consistent with damage to her
Temporal
After an accident in individual has trouble with recognizing faces in which cortical lobe did they likely receive damage
Eat only when presented with a very sweet food
After damage to the lateral hypothalamus an animal will most likely
Spending more time in REM sleep
After several hours of sleep, most people are
Testosterone
Among criminals those with higher levels of which of the following 10 to commit more aggressive crimes
Sodium out of the cell or potassium into it
An EPSP is produced by the selective flow
The individual's mother was infected by toxoplasma Gandii parasite
An individual will have a slightly increased chance of developing schizophrenia if
Lack empathy if a child is crying
An individual with frontotemporal dementia is likely to
Serotonin
An individual with the short form of the transporter gene for which of the following neurotransmitters is at increased risk for depression following major stress
Inhibitory message slowing activity of the paraventricular nucleus
Axons from the hunger sensitive cells or the arcuate nucleus to the paraventricular nucleus deliver an
Prefrontal cortex will override basal ganglia
Blair is having to choose between choice a and b normally a would be the best choice and he would prefer it but in the current circumstance b would b the best choice. He makes the best choice because
Mesostriatal system
Blocking dopamine synapses can lead to mobility impairment similar to those scene in Parkinson's disease this affected due to the synapse located in the
Allow neurotransmitter me to activate receptors for longer durations
Blocking the reputable of neurotransmitters will
Little glucose is reaching the cells to be used as fuel
Both high levels in very low levels of insulin lead to increased eating why is this
Temporal summation
Carissa is in the lab working and was able to produce a reflexive response by stimulating one and put rapidly she successfully demonstrated
right hemisphere
Control of the emotional content of speech depends on
epileptic seizures
Damage to the corpus collision prevents
Understanding the meaning of language
Damage to the left hemisphere is more likely than right hemisphere damage to impair which ability?
Chemical; physical
Donald have theories that short term memory was dependent on blank processes and that long-term memory was dependent on blank processes
Synapse between the sensory neuron and motor neuron
During habituation of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia, the change in the nervous system takes place at the:
increased firing by GABA neurons
During sleep, what happens in the brain
Cortisol
During stress the adrenal gland releases
The physical representation of learning in the brain is called a
Engram
Produces extreme over eating
Experimental inhibition of the paraventricular nucleus in rats
Ionotropic
Glutamate opens sodium gates enabling sodium ions to enter post synaptic cell. What type of effect is this
Emotional behaviors
If Geri had disruptions to her Kim iv system, she would likely have problems with
Sensitization
If an intense stimulus is presented, following stimuli provoke a larger withdrawal response from the animal. This is known as
have difficulty remembering where they just placed their keys
If the pre frontal cortex is damaged, an individual may
Just before bed and again when you wake up
If you need to memorize something such as the names and functions of the cranial nerves you should study the list
Are slower and longer lasting
In comparison to Ionotropic receptors metabotrophic receptors effect
Counteract
In general serotonin and cortisol have affects that blank the effect of testosterone
Depolarization
In order to activate the NMDA receptor is blank as required in addition to glutamate
Depend on environmental factors
In regards to individual variation for antisocial and aggressive behavior genetic influences
Pick up grocery items with one hand but return them with the other
Individuals who have had split split brain surgery may at first
Can use symbols and productive combinations
Language studies with Bonobo chimpanzees suggest that bonobos
Functional asymmetries of the brain
Lateralization refers to the ____.
Survive
Levi montalcini found that muscled determine how many axons
Decreased activity and increased eating
Low levels of lepton are associated with
Operant conditioning
Martha spanks her child when they do poorly on exams this is an example of
Blocking dopamine receptors
Most medications for schizophrenia work by
Continue well into the adult years
Myelination and synaptogenesis
The frontal lobe
Non-fluent aphasia in which the individual has difficulty producing language is due to damage that includes
SSRI
Of a typical antidepressant drugs which has the most affinity
Causes the stomach to fill up more quickly
One interpretation of how the hormone CCK promotes satiety is that it
The difficulty of suppressing perceptions driven by expectations
Oscar is participating in a research study where he reports the color of the ink that is used to print the name of a color rather than simply reading the color name itself what is most likely being demonstrated in the research
Conditioned response
Pavlov presented a sound followed by meet in his experiment gradually the sound came to elicit salvation the celebration to the sound in this experiment was the
BDNF
People who have been diagnosed with depression typically have a lower than average levels of
Feelings, cognitions, behaviors, and physiological changes
Psychologists typically define emotions in terms of
a high level of brain activity
REM sleep is characterized by which of the following?
The learning of a conditioned response
Research indicates that the LIP of the cerebellum is necessary for
General Adaptation Syndrome
Seyle inferred that any threat to the body activated a generalized response, which he called
Activity of the Vegas nerve
Signals from the stomach and dudonem are communicated to the brain via
Part of the brain is still asleep
Sometimes people find themselves unable to move their postural muscles immediately after awakening. Why?
HPA axis which becomes increasingly important with prolonged stressors
Stress activates the
fMRI
Suppose you are interested in determining if the activity of the hippocampus is associated with viewing particular objects in humans which method would be the best choice
Attached to sodium channels, blocking sodium from entering and stopping the action potential from sending a pain message
Terrance went to the dentist and was given Novocain. This prevented him from feeling pain because the drug
Neural Darwinism
The concept that neurons refine their many connections based on which ones are most successful is known as:
The basal ganglia
The gradual learning of repetitive behaviors is dependent on which brain structure
Memory
The hippocampus plays a major role in
Retrograde amnesia
The inability to form memories for events that happened before brain damage occurred is a characteristic of
Food availability
The increasing prevalence of obesity can most likely be attributed to changes in
Ganglion cells that are not connected to any cones or rods
The input from the eyes to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, responsible for the shifting phase of the circadian rhythm, originates from
Light
The most potent zeitgeber for land animals is
The prefrontal cortex
The observation that schizophrenia behavioral symptoms seem to develop in adolescence or early adulthood coincide with the delayed maturation of which brain area
Hypothalamus
The release of hormones from the pituitary gland is controlled by the
Language learning
The social gating hypothesis supports the requirement of social interactions for blank to occur
The identity oosition
The view that mental processes and certain kinds of brain processes are the same thing, described in a different term is known as
It enables glucose in the blood stream to enter cells
Through what mechanism does insulin affect appetite
the presence of myelin
WhT will most effect the speed of an action potential in vertebrates
The startle response
What common measure of fear or anxiety is popular because it can be used with non humans as well as humans
They decrease it below the spontaneous firing rate
What do IPSP do to the firing range of neurons
Sensory neuron motor neuron muscle
What is the proper order of neurons in the reflex arc from first to last
Resting potential
What term describe the difference in voltage that typically exist between the inside and the outside of a neuron
Oligodendrocytes
What type of glial cells myelinate axons in the brain and spinal cord
Both axons innervated their original target
When Sperry rotated the frogs eye where did the axons terminate
Corticalmedialamygdala
When a hamster and counters an intruder in the cage activity in which brain area builds up until time attacks
Biological relatives than adopting relatives
When an adopted child develops schizophrenia, the disease is significantly more probable among the
LIP and red nucleus
When classical conditioning successfully paired a tone to the iBlink response activity was observed in the blank in response to the tone
False
When heterosexual man we're giving oxytocin or a placebo prior to meeting an attractive woman the oxytocin had no effect on married man but it cost single men to stand closer to the attractive woman
Open allowing potassium ions to flow out
When the excitation threshold has been met potassium channels
ratio of epsp to ipsp
Whether a neuron fires an action potential is determined by the
SNRI
Which category of antidepressant drugs operates by blocking the transporter proteins that reabsorb serotonin and norepinephrine into the presynaptic neuron after the release
The concentration gradient and electrical gradient both moves sodium ions in
Which describes how concentration and electrical gradient act on sodium ions when neuron is at rest
a normal startle response, but absence of learned fears
Which effect is likely to result from damage to the amygdala?
Working implicit memory but not explicit memory
Which of the following accurately describes HM's memory problems
Chemospecificity
Which of the following best describes the process by which developing axons find their general targets
Wernicke's involves understanding while brocas involves speaking
Which of the following describes an important difference between the two types of aphasia
Reticular formation
Which of the following extends from the medulla into the forebrain to regulate arousal
The occipital lobe is required for tactile and auditory processing
Which of the following is true about cortisol reprocessing of sensations in individuals blind since birth
Ectoderm
Which of the three primary germ layers develops into neural tissue
Activated auto receptors decrease neurotransmitter release
Which statement about autoreceptors is accurate
Far more neurons are produced than will ultimately survive
Which statement most accurately describes embryonic development of the nervous system in humans
Thalamus
Which structure provides the main source of input to the cerebral cortex
Transmission between neurons at synapses is slower than transmissions along axon
Why is the speed of conduction through a reflex arc slower than the speed of conduction of an action potential along an axon
Tipping the balance of excitation could push them into a mania state
Why might it be dangerous to increase neurotransmitter activity with typical anti depressants in someone with bipolar disorder
sympathetic nervous system
You are walking after dark when a sudden noise frightens you. Your heart pounds, your pulse races, and your breathing rate increases. These responses are due to
Memory of past events
after damage to the hippocampus HM had the most problems with
have fewer pleasant experiences
as compared to people without depression, individuals with depression
paraventricular
damage to which area of hypothalamus is likely to result in increased meal size
Inattentional blindness
failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere
medulla, pons, cerebellum
hindbrain consists of:
Neurotransmitters
loewi repeatedly stimulated the vagus nerd thereby decreasing a frogs heart rate he then collected fluid from around that heart transferred it to a second frogs heart and found that the second frog heart rate decreased what was loewi transferring
parietal lobe
someone who loses ability to identify objects by feeling them has suffered damage to which cerebral cortex
phi phenomenon
the fact that we fill in perceptual gaps with expectations is demonstrated by
prefrontal cortex
the problems that schizophrenics have with memory are most likely related to an increased tendency of having brain abnormalities in the
it speeds up the action potential down the length of the axon
what is the importance of the myelin sheath
Melatonin
which hormone released by pineal influences both circadian and cut annual rhythms
neurocognitive
which hypothesis suggests that dreams are just thinking that takes place under unusual conditions
dopamine
which neurotransmitter is important for addiction
concentration gradient moves it out and electrical gradient moves it in
which statement correctly describes how concentration gradient and electrical gradient act on potassium ions