Bio 101 Test 3

Glycolysis occurs in this location of a cell

cytosol

Cellular respiration is the ________ pathways of _________ and __________ respiration

catabolic, aerobic and anaerobic

The electrons in the photosystems are excited by this

light energy

These are the three types of phosphorylation covered in chapters 10 and 11

substrate-level oxidative photo-phosphorylation

Producers use the energy from sunlight to do what?

turn CO2 into carbohydrates and O2

12) During the citric acid cycle, how many ATP are produced from one acetyl CoA by substrate level phosphorylation?

1

Glycolysis requires this initial amount of energy output

2 ATP

Once CO2 binds to RuBP, it breaks down into two of this molecule

3- phosphoglycerate

How many molecules of ATP are necessary for one round (3 CO2 enter) of the Calvin cycle

???

33) The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the Calvin cycle with

A) ATP and NADPH.

9) Which of the following happens in brewer's yeast when oxygen is not available?

A) ATP will be generated by glycolysis, and pyruvate will be reduced to ethanol and CO2

14) Which of the listed statements describes the results of the following reaction?

A) C6H12O6 is oxidized and O2 is reduced.

31) Circular electron flow occurs in the light reactions of photosynthesis during which of the flowing?

A) Electrons are passed from photosystem I to the electron transport chain to make ATP

18) Which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration of a glucose molecule?

A) Glycolysis

22) Which of the following statements is false?

A) In the redox reaction of photosynthesis, water is reduced and carbon dioxide is oxidized

7) Which of the following molecules is used to carry electrons to the electron transport chain during cellular respiration?

A) NADH

35) In mechanism, photophosphorylation is most similar to

A) Oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration.

19) In mitochondria, exergonic redox reactions

A) Provide the energy that establishes the proton gradient.

39) Linkage of a mechanical, chemical, or electromagnetic stimulus to a specific cellular response is known as what?

A) Signal transduction

This enzyme uses H+ gradient to synthesize ATP

ATP synthase

Producers use carbohydrates to generate what?

ATP and CO2

This graph plots a pigment's light absorption vs. wavelength

Absorption spectrum

Yeasts and bacteria can perform this type of fermentation when oxygen is scarce

Alcohol fermentation

This general class of organisms produce their own food

Autotrophs

25) Photorespiration occurs in C3 plants in which of the following conditions?

B) During the day, when the stomata are closed

6) As electrons are passed down the electron transport chain, what work is being done?

B) H+ ions are pumped from a low concentration to a higher concentration

15) Which electron carrier(s) are produced by the citric acid cycle?

B) NADH and FADH2

8) The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain in aerobic oxidative phosphorylation is which of the following?

B) O2

23) Which of the following correctly orders the movement of electrons during the light reactions of photosynthesis?

B) Photosystem II Electron transport chain Photosystem I NADPH

3) When a cell reduces glucose to CO2 and H2O, the CO2 is released during which of the following processes?

B) Pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle

40) Which of the following is an example of cell-cell communication that requires direct contact between the cells?

B) Synaptic signaling

24) When light strikes the light harvesting complex of photosystem I, which of the following occur?

C) Energy is passed from one chlorophyll molecule to another until it reaches the P700 chlorophyll molecules

4) Near the beginning of the citric acid cycle, citrate is converted its structural isomer, isocitrate. In the next step, what happens to the isocitrate.

C) Isocitrate is oxidized, NAD+ is reduced to NADH, and one CO2 is produced

17) The immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation is the

C) H+ concentration across the membrane holding ATP synthase.

20) In which of the following is photosynthesis likely to occur?

C) Mesophyll

38) In the Fall, when some leaves appear red, what wave length of light is being reflected from the red leaves?

C) Red

27) The enzyme that is necessary for fixing carbon at position A is what?

C) Rubisco

28) How many CO2 molecules need to enter the Calvin cycle in order to generate the molecule at position B?

C) Three

These types of plants have adapted their behavior to fight their hhot, dry climates

C4 and CAM plants Ex: corn, sugarcane, pineapple and cacti

These pigments appear yellow and orange and broaden spectrum of absorbed light in chloroplasts

Carotenoids

The beginning of the citric acid cycle starts with which of the following molecules?

D) Acetyl Co-A

32) Where does the Calvin cycle take place?

D) Chloroplast stroma

21) When light strikes a chloroplast which of the following will occur?

D) Electrons in chlorophyll will be excited and move to an outer electron shell

16) Which of the following processes are a series of redox reactions that break a six carbon sugar down to two carbons attached to CoA?

D) Glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation

34) Which of the following does not occur during the Calvin cycle?

D) Release of oxygen

30) Which of the following processes is most directly driven by light energy?

D) Transfer of elections from chlorophyll molecules to a primary electron acceptor

From one glucose molecule, what is the net production of molecules at the end of glycolysis

D) Two pyruvate, two ATP, two NADH

37) Which of the following is NOT produced from the G3P generated in the Calvin cycle?

E) ATP

13) Which enzyme is instrumental in the production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation?

E) ATP synthase

5) Oxidative phosphorylation produces ATP by combining which of the following processes?

E) Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis

26) The light reactions of photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation during cellular respiration share many similar features, EXCEPT which of the following?

E) Oxygen is used as the final electron acceptor

29) The name of the molecule at position C is what?

E) Ribulose bisphosphate

36) Plants exchange gasses with the atmosphere using what structure?

E) Stomata

11) Organic molecules other than glucose can be used to generate ATP. Fatty acids stored in fat are used in cellular respiration and enter the pathway at what point?

E) Two carbon fragments are clipped off and converted to acetyl CoA

10) A critical step that is necessary to initiate glycolysis is which of the following?

E) Using ATP to phosphorylate glucose

Oxidative phophorylation is composed of these two processes

Electron Transport chain and chemiosmosis

This type of long distance signaling occurs through the circulatory system

Endocrine (hormone) signaling

Without oxygen present, yeasts and bacteria can transform pyruvate to this molecule

Ethanol (alcohol)

Name all of the starting materials and products of glycolysis

Glucose -> pyruvate, ATP, NADH

This is the main product of the Calvin Cycle

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

Chloroplasts are concentrated in this layer of a leaf

Mesophyll

Citric acid cycle occurs here

Mitochondrial matrix (inside the inner membrane)

This molecule is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration

Molecular oxygen (O2)

These four compounds are the products of the citric acid cycle

NADH, FADH2, ATP and CO2

This is the main electron carrier in the light reactions

NADPH

This process occurs when CO2 levels are low in the Calvin Cycle

Photorespiration

Describe pyruvate oxidation in detail

Pyruvate oxidized, 1 carbon splits off and produces CO2, NADH is formed, Coenzyme A is added to form Acetyl CoA

This complex is composed of proteins associated with a pair of chlorophyll a molecules and a primary electron acceptor

Reaction - center complex

This type of reaction results in the gain of electrons

Reduction

This enzyme aids in carbon fixation

Ribulose 1 5- bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (rubisco)

Plants exchange gases through these openings

Stomata

The electrons in the light reactions originally come from this source

The splitting of water into protons, electrons and O2

Carbon Cycle- Organisms need

a constant influx of organic molecules to do the work necessary for life.

Consumers must continually _____ to transform organic compounds into ______ and ______

eat, ATP and CO2

What does cellular respiration do?

it breaks down organic molecules and use and electron transport chain for the production of ATP

The light reactions happen in this part of the chloroplast

on the thylakoid membrane

The calvin cycle occurs in this location in the chloroplast

stroma

Aerobic respiration

uses oxygen (O2) as the final +