Bio 101 Test 3
Glycolysis occurs in this location of a cell
cytosol
Cellular respiration is the ________ pathways of _________ and __________ respiration
catabolic, aerobic and anaerobic
The electrons in the photosystems are excited by this
light energy
These are the three types of phosphorylation covered in chapters 10 and 11
substrate-level oxidative photo-phosphorylation
Producers use the energy from sunlight to do what?
turn CO2 into carbohydrates and O2
12) During the citric acid cycle, how many ATP are produced from one acetyl CoA by substrate level phosphorylation?
1
Glycolysis requires this initial amount of energy output
2 ATP
Once CO2 binds to RuBP, it breaks down into two of this molecule
3- phosphoglycerate
How many molecules of ATP are necessary for one round (3 CO2 enter) of the Calvin cycle
???
33) The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the Calvin cycle with
A) ATP and NADPH.
9) Which of the following happens in brewer's yeast when oxygen is not available?
A) ATP will be generated by glycolysis, and pyruvate will be reduced to ethanol and CO2
14) Which of the listed statements describes the results of the following reaction?
A) C6H12O6 is oxidized and O2 is reduced.
31) Circular electron flow occurs in the light reactions of photosynthesis during which of the flowing?
A) Electrons are passed from photosystem I to the electron transport chain to make ATP
18) Which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration of a glucose molecule?
A) Glycolysis
22) Which of the following statements is false?
A) In the redox reaction of photosynthesis, water is reduced and carbon dioxide is oxidized
7) Which of the following molecules is used to carry electrons to the electron transport chain during cellular respiration?
A) NADH
35) In mechanism, photophosphorylation is most similar to
A) Oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration.
19) In mitochondria, exergonic redox reactions
A) Provide the energy that establishes the proton gradient.
39) Linkage of a mechanical, chemical, or electromagnetic stimulus to a specific cellular response is known as what?
A) Signal transduction
This enzyme uses H+ gradient to synthesize ATP
ATP synthase
Producers use carbohydrates to generate what?
ATP and CO2
This graph plots a pigment's light absorption vs. wavelength
Absorption spectrum
Yeasts and bacteria can perform this type of fermentation when oxygen is scarce
Alcohol fermentation
This general class of organisms produce their own food
Autotrophs
25) Photorespiration occurs in C3 plants in which of the following conditions?
B) During the day, when the stomata are closed
6) As electrons are passed down the electron transport chain, what work is being done?
B) H+ ions are pumped from a low concentration to a higher concentration
15) Which electron carrier(s) are produced by the citric acid cycle?
B) NADH and FADH2
8) The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain in aerobic oxidative phosphorylation is which of the following?
B) O2
23) Which of the following correctly orders the movement of electrons during the light reactions of photosynthesis?
B) Photosystem II Electron transport chain Photosystem I NADPH
3) When a cell reduces glucose to CO2 and H2O, the CO2 is released during which of the following processes?
B) Pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle
40) Which of the following is an example of cell-cell communication that requires direct contact between the cells?
B) Synaptic signaling
24) When light strikes the light harvesting complex of photosystem I, which of the following occur?
C) Energy is passed from one chlorophyll molecule to another until it reaches the P700 chlorophyll molecules
4) Near the beginning of the citric acid cycle, citrate is converted its structural isomer, isocitrate. In the next step, what happens to the isocitrate.
C) Isocitrate is oxidized, NAD+ is reduced to NADH, and one CO2 is produced
17) The immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation is the
C) H+ concentration across the membrane holding ATP synthase.
20) In which of the following is photosynthesis likely to occur?
C) Mesophyll
38) In the Fall, when some leaves appear red, what wave length of light is being reflected from the red leaves?
C) Red
27) The enzyme that is necessary for fixing carbon at position A is what?
C) Rubisco
28) How many CO2 molecules need to enter the Calvin cycle in order to generate the molecule at position B?
C) Three
These types of plants have adapted their behavior to fight their hhot, dry climates
C4 and CAM plants Ex: corn, sugarcane, pineapple and cacti
These pigments appear yellow and orange and broaden spectrum of absorbed light in chloroplasts
Carotenoids
The beginning of the citric acid cycle starts with which of the following molecules?
D) Acetyl Co-A
32) Where does the Calvin cycle take place?
D) Chloroplast stroma
21) When light strikes a chloroplast which of the following will occur?
D) Electrons in chlorophyll will be excited and move to an outer electron shell
16) Which of the following processes are a series of redox reactions that break a six carbon sugar down to two carbons attached to CoA?
D) Glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation
34) Which of the following does not occur during the Calvin cycle?
D) Release of oxygen
30) Which of the following processes is most directly driven by light energy?
D) Transfer of elections from chlorophyll molecules to a primary electron acceptor
From one glucose molecule, what is the net production of molecules at the end of glycolysis
D) Two pyruvate, two ATP, two NADH
37) Which of the following is NOT produced from the G3P generated in the Calvin cycle?
E) ATP
13) Which enzyme is instrumental in the production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation?
E) ATP synthase
5) Oxidative phosphorylation produces ATP by combining which of the following processes?
E) Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis
26) The light reactions of photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation during cellular respiration share many similar features, EXCEPT which of the following?
E) Oxygen is used as the final electron acceptor
29) The name of the molecule at position C is what?
E) Ribulose bisphosphate
36) Plants exchange gasses with the atmosphere using what structure?
E) Stomata
11) Organic molecules other than glucose can be used to generate ATP. Fatty acids stored in fat are used in cellular respiration and enter the pathway at what point?
E) Two carbon fragments are clipped off and converted to acetyl CoA
10) A critical step that is necessary to initiate glycolysis is which of the following?
E) Using ATP to phosphorylate glucose
Oxidative phophorylation is composed of these two processes
Electron Transport chain and chemiosmosis
This type of long distance signaling occurs through the circulatory system
Endocrine (hormone) signaling
Without oxygen present, yeasts and bacteria can transform pyruvate to this molecule
Ethanol (alcohol)
Name all of the starting materials and products of glycolysis
Glucose -> pyruvate, ATP, NADH
This is the main product of the Calvin Cycle
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
Chloroplasts are concentrated in this layer of a leaf
Mesophyll
Citric acid cycle occurs here
Mitochondrial matrix (inside the inner membrane)
This molecule is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration
Molecular oxygen (O2)
These four compounds are the products of the citric acid cycle
NADH, FADH2, ATP and CO2
This is the main electron carrier in the light reactions
NADPH
This process occurs when CO2 levels are low in the Calvin Cycle
Photorespiration
Describe pyruvate oxidation in detail
Pyruvate oxidized, 1 carbon splits off and produces CO2, NADH is formed, Coenzyme A is added to form Acetyl CoA
This complex is composed of proteins associated with a pair of chlorophyll a molecules and a primary electron acceptor
Reaction - center complex
This type of reaction results in the gain of electrons
Reduction
This enzyme aids in carbon fixation
Ribulose 1 5- bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (rubisco)
Plants exchange gases through these openings
Stomata
The electrons in the light reactions originally come from this source
The splitting of water into protons, electrons and O2
Carbon Cycle- Organisms need
a constant influx of organic molecules to do the work necessary for life.
Consumers must continually _____ to transform organic compounds into ______ and ______
eat, ATP and CO2
What does cellular respiration do?
it breaks down organic molecules and use and electron transport chain for the production of ATP
The light reactions happen in this part of the chloroplast
on the thylakoid membrane
The calvin cycle occurs in this location in the chloroplast
stroma
Aerobic respiration
uses oxygen (O2) as the final +