bio *
How many amino acids are coded for by the strand of mRNA shown here? Assume the reading frame begins with the first nucleotide
2
Chromosome
A portion of DNA that is condensed and rod-like
Gene
A portion of a chromosome that codes for a single protein
Codon
A set of 3 nucleotides that code for a specific amino acid
How come transcription MUST happen in the nucleus?
DNA cannot leave the nucleus
What is the central dogma of genetics / biology?
DNA needs to get its information to the ribosome through mRNA and tRNA reads the code on mRNA to produce proteins.
translate dna to mrna
DNA: ATA CTG GGA mRNA: _UAU GAC CCU_
You are trying to explain to your classmate how DNA is used to make proteins. What should you include in your explanation?
During translation, the genetic code in mRNA is read and used to put amino acids in place to make a protein. During transcription, DNA is used as a template to make a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA) which then leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cytoplasm DNA contains all of the instructions an organism needs to live. DNA sequences must be converted into messages that can be used to produce proteins which do most of the work in our bodies.
Messenger RNA carries a(n) ___________ of the DNA's instructions out of the nucleus to the ___________.
Exact copy; ribosome
Starting with mRNA, describe the process of transcription.
Messenger RNA goes into the nucleus, the DNA unzips and the mRNA reads the nucleotide complementary base pairs. Making a message for the mRNA to copy.
Write the correct sequence of molecules, as a gene goes from coded information in the nucleus, to the product the cell wants to make.
Nucleus—mRNA—-ribosome—tRNA—amino acid—-protein
translate to rna DNA: CGA DNA: TGA DNA: GTT
RNA:_GCU RNA:_ACU RNA:___CAA
Nucleotide
Subunit that makes up nucleic acids
Amino Acid
Subunit that makes up proteins
Which is an accurate description of the processes used to turn the DNA code of a gene into a protein?
Transfer RNA delivers specific amino acids to the ribosome, matching messenger RNA codons.
what would you need for transcription and translation
Translation: ribosome, mrna, trna, polypeptide Transcription: dna and mrna
tRNA has
anticodons
The result (what is created)(translation)
copy of dna instructions
location it occurs (transcription)
cytoplasm ribosome
What does it show to be the result of translation?
formation of a protein
a cell builds proteins from instructions encoded in its what?
genes/ dna
Type(s) of RNA involved in translation
mrna
the molecule copied directly from DNA is called the
mrna
The sequence of ________________ in a DNA molecule determines the protein that will be produced.
nucleotides
Location in the cell where the process occurs(translation)
nucleus
What type of bond holds the amino acids together in a protein?
peptide bonds
The result (what is created)(transcription)
proteins
What type of biomolecule (macromolecule) is produced at the ribosome?
proteins
tRNA brings amino acids to the
ribosomes
What type of RNA acts like a delivery truck, delivers amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis, and then leaves empty again, to go collect another amino acid?
tRNA
During the process of _______________, the genetic message from DNA is transformed into mRNA.
transcription
The step of protein synthesis that occurs in the cytoplasm is
translation
What process IMMEDIATELY preceeded protein synthesis at the ribosome?
translation
tRNA transfers amino acids during
translation
During the process of _______________, the genetic message from mRNA is transformed into proteins.
translation_
types of rna involved in transcription
trna
If a portion of a messenger RNA molecule contains the base sequence A-A-U, then the corresponding anti-codon on the tRNA base sequence is
uua
This model shows the process of protein synthesis including transcription and translation. What is the best explanation for what is occurring at the arrow?
The codon on the mRNA pairs with the anticodon on the tRNA which transfers amino acids into the proper sequence to form a protein.
AUG is a start codon, GAU codes for aspartic acid, and GGU codes for glycine. This is true for the simplest bacteria, the amoeba, and multicellular plants. What description best explains this phenomenon?
The genetic code is universal and suggests common ancestry across all groups of life.
Once mRNA completes, describe how the process of translation ends with the production of a protein.
The mRNA goes out of the nucleus and a ribosome attaches. tRNA comes in and reads the code with its anticodon that says what amino acid to attach to the amino acid chain next. Once all the amino acids are attached, you have the protein.