Bio Test 2
The energy production per glucose molecule through the citric acid cycle is _________
2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2
In the absence of oxygen, what is the net gain of ATP for each glucose molecule that enters glycolysis?
2 molecules
A cell has enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and nucleoid. It could be a cell from:
a bacterium
Which of the following is channel protein?
aquaporin
Where does the electron transport chain occur during cellular respiration?
cristae
Which of the following statements is false?
enzymes are used up in chemical reactions
Which of the following processes occur in the cytoplasm?
glycolysis
In the ETC cycle of aerobic respiration, which one is correct to describe structure A?
it passively diffuses H+ down its concentration gradient
What is the voltage across a membrane called?
membrane potential
What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily?
small and hydrophobic
Why are cells generally small in size?
to maintain sufficient surface area for the exchange of nutrients and wastes with the external environment
Inside a cell you construct, you place a 3 M sugar solution. You place the cell in a 2 M sugar solution. What happens?
water enters the cell
Light-dependent photosynthetic reactions produce
ATP, NADPH, O2
During the citric acid cycle, each acetyl group entering the cycle yields:
1 ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2
Thylakoids, DNA, and double membranes are all components found in ______
chloroplasts
How many ATP's can be produced through substrate-level phosphorylation in aerobic respiration by breaking down one molecule of glucose?
4
Substrate-level phosphorylation directly generates ATP during a chemical reaction. As a single molecule of glucose is completely oxidized, in the presence of oxygen, how many molecules of ATP are gained by substrate-level phosphorylation?
4
How many carbon dioxide molecules must added in c3 cycle to make a single molecule of glucose?
6
The cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells consist of _________
9+2 arranged pattern of microtubules
Which of the following are products of light reaction?
ATP and NADPH
Which sequence accurately reflects the flow of electrons in photosynthesis?
H2O - Photosystem II - Photosystem I - NADP
During aerobic respiration, H2O is formed. Where does the oxygen atom for the formation of water come from?
O2
The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain in aerobic respiration is _______, while the final electron acceptor in something is ________
O2, NADP
According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, which of the following is a true statement about membrane phospholipids?
They move laterally along the plane of the membrane
Why can C4 plants reduce photorespiration?
They use PEP carboxylase to initially fix CO2
A cell has enzymes, DNA, ribosomes. plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from:
a plant or animal
Which of the following would increase the electrochemical gradient across a membrane?
a proton pump
Contraction of muscle cells depends on what cellular structures?
actin filaments and myosin or dynein
Which of the following is most similar in structure to ATP?
an RNA nucleotide
Which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones?
catabolism
How do cells use the ATP cycle shown in the figure?
cells use the cycle to recycle ADP and phosphate
Which organelle or structure is absent in animal cells?
central vacuole
The cellular organelle of eukaryotic organism which is responsible for photosynthetic activity is the ________
chloroplast
The sodium-potassium pump is called an electrogenic pump because it _______
contributes to the membrane potential
Which of the following most closely matches the correct order of main events of cellular respiration?
glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, Krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation
Which wavelengths of light are the least effective in driving photosynthesis?
green color
Enzymes are described as catalysts, which means that they ________
increase the rate of the reaction without being consumed by the reaction
The membranes of winter what are able to remain fluid when it is extrememly cold by _________
increasing the percentage of unsaturated phospholipids in the membrane
When sprinting, your muscle cells perform _______ fermentation, while yeast cells perform _______ fermentation.
lactic acid, alcohol
Which pair of structures are responsible for cilia movement?
microtubules and dynein
What is active transport?
movement of molecules in or out of a cell against a concentration gradient
Which of the following has two phospholipid bilayers?
nuclear envelope
The final electron acceptor of cellular respiration is _______
oxygen
Which one is not a component of cytoskeleton?
peroxisomes
White blood cells engulf bacteria through what process?
phagocytosis
Which of the following are directly associated with photosystem I?
receiving electrons from the thylakoid membrane electron transport chain
In C3 photosynthesis, which enzyme helps fix carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in the Calvin cycle?
rubisco
Consider the U-tube. Side A has 0.2 M NaCl and 1.3 M sucrose. Side B has 0.8 M NaCl and 0.7 M sucrose. The membrane separating the sides is permeable to NaCl, but not permeable to sucrose.
side A will be higher (have more water) than side B
Which of the following is not a function of plastids?
store photosynthetic products
In the citric acid cycle, ATP molecules are produced by ________
substrate-level phosphorylation
When a plant cell, such as one from a rose stem, is submerged in a very hypotonic solution, what is likely to occur?
the cell will become turgid
Which of the following statements about the chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP is correct?
the chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP requires that the electron transport in the inner mitochondrial membrane be coupled to proton transport across the same membrane
Which statement is correct?
the contents of a red blood cell are hypertonic to distilled water
The permeability of a biological membrane to a specific polar solute may depend on which of the following?
the types of transport proteins in the membrane
Inside a cell you construct, you place a 1 M sugar solution. You place the cell in a 2 M sugar solution. What happens?
water leaves the cell
Osmosis is the process of ________
water transport across membrane
Do plant cells respire?
yes