bio test final part 2
As an overall average, about ______ of the energy at one trophic level is generally available to the next highest rank in the food chain.
10%
When did modern humans migrate from Africa into Asia and Europe?
100,000 years ago
If there were 10,000 calories of net primary productivity in a field, how much on average will be available to a primary consumer?
1000 calories
All of the caterpillars in an area weigh 2,000 kg. How much of the biomass will be converted into top carnivore tissue?
20 kg
Which of the following characteristics is not a plant adaptation to land?
Ability to undergo photosynthesis
In the replacement model of evolution, where did modern humans first evolve?
Africa
The closest living relatives of modern humans are
African apes
Plants can be used to make all of the following products except ____.
All of the above (plants medicine furniture houses)
Carbon returns to the atmosphere
All of the answers are correct.
A fungal infection that covers an amphibian's skin can quickly kill the animal. Why can't amphibians tolerate their skin being covered with a foreign substance?
Amphibians have small lungs and use their skin for gas exchange; they suffocate when their skin is covered with fungal growth
Scientists have shown that as atmospheric carbon dioxide levels increase, the pH of the oceans decreases, thereby threatening aquatic organisms such as coral and organisms with shells. What is the best explanation for this?
Carbon dioxide combines with water to form an acid
Why are developmental biologists so interested in studying echinoderm embryos?
Echinoderms are the closest living relatives of chordates
How are greenhouse gases suspected of causing climate warming?
Greenhouse gases prevent radiation of infrared energy back into space, trapping the heat near the Earths surface and causing the climate to warm
Which of the following is not an ecological benefit of plants?
Increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
Which of the following is not an ecological benefit of plants?
Increases the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
Which statement is NOT true about invertebrate animals?
Invertebrates lack a nervous system
A plant has vascular tissue and true roots, stems, and leaves, but it does not produce seeds. The plant has microphylls and bears its sporangia in strobili. This plant is a
Lycophyte
Which sequence is the correct one in plant evolution?
Multicellular embryo-vascular tissue-seed-flower
What is the first step in energy flow through an ecosystem
Producers absorb solar energy
What is the first step in energy flow through an ecosystem?
Producers absorb solar energy
Which statement about sponges is correct?
Sponges are filter feeders
You may hear some newscasters, politicians, TV show hosts, or friends and family members say that climate change is not real or that it is not caused by humans. What do the people who actually study how the natural world works think about climate?
The overwhelming majority of scientists, about 97% believe human- caused climate change is real
Forests help to regulate the global climate by
absorbing carbon dioxide
Some scientists estimate that over half of the world's rainforest has already been lost, mostly due to human activities. What would you predict as a consequence of the massive loss of plant life?
an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide
Apples, oranges, peanuts, and rice grains are produced by
angiosperms
Which of these are segmented?
annelids
In an aquatic ecosystem, the aquatic plants are eaten by small invertebrates that in turn are eaten by crayfish, the crayfish are eaten by fish, and the fish are eaten by ducks, in this system, the greatest amount of biomass would be found in the
aquatic plants
energy from an outside source and inorganic nutrients to make own organic nutrients acquire
autotroph
An organism that can use energy and inorganic substances to produce all the organic material it requires is a(n)
autotroph or producer
Which of the following is not a benefit of biodiversity
biological magnification
Which are the most numerous and diverse vertebrates?
bony fishes
While walking in the woods, you come across some low-growing plants clustered at the base of a tree. You collect one as a specimen for biology class. Upon examination in the lab, you find that the leaf-, stem-, and root-like structures contain no vascular tissue. The plant is
bryophyte
involves the elaborate exchange of gaseous products of consumer reparation/ breathing with a producer converting these components from the atmosphere into compounds it can use for itself
carbon
responsible for generation of fossil fuels
carbon
Which of these is a bivalve
clam
The world today derives the majority of its energy from which of the following sources?
coal and oil
Which feature is lacking in sponges?
contain organized true tissues
negative impact on the biodiversity of aquatic wildlife
dams
obtain nutrients from dead organic matter and release inorganic nutrients into the environment
decomposer
Which of the following features would have the greatest influence in creating a more sustainable urban society
decreasing the amount of land that is altered in order to accommodate human desires
increases atmospheric carbon dioxide
deforestation
soil no longer able to hold rainwater, plant/ animals unable to thrive, land unable to support agriculture
desertification
organisms that live in a marine environment have skin, gills tube feet, a coelom, and a water vascular system are classified as
echinoderm
Birds are not
ectothermic
All of the following are true about ecosystems EXCEPT
energy is constantly recycled
What is a common feature shared by both the roundworms and the arthropods?
exoskeleton
Growing livestock is more sustainable than growing crop plants.
false
Which of the following is/are suspected of causing climate change?
fossil fuel usage, deforestation, and agriculture
Which of the following is not a renewable resource
fossil fuels
Which is not a typical adult amphibian characteristic?
four-chambered heart
Based on the figures shown here, which organism is NOT a primary consumer?
fox
elements within the soil used to heat buildings
geothermal
A disproportionately large percentage of resources in more developed countries goes to
growing livestock
Conifers such as pine trees are
gymnosperms
The major cause of the loss in Earth's biodiversity is
habitat loss
Which of these is a unique characteristic of mammals?
hair
obtain energy and nutrients from algae or plants only
herbivore
A(n) __ is an individual animal that possesses both male and female sex organs
hermaphrodite
obtain energy and nutrients from consuming organic matter/compounds
heterotrophs
A company that owns an office building decides to build a green roof. Which of the following is least likely to occur as a result?
higher water bills because of the need to irrigate vegetation
contamination of aquifers, increase in earthquakes
hydraulic fracking
historically it accounts for the majority of the renewable energy power usage in the US
hydropower
Human society in its current form is unsustainable because
important natural resources are being consumed more quickly than they can be replenished
An ecosystem
includes both living and abiotic factors within a particular region.
Which of the following is not a way in which rural areas may be sustainable
increasing use of extensive irrigation techniques to nurture demanding crops
Which of these has the necessary adaptations to survive in a dry land environment?
insect
Which is the largest, most diverse group of arthropods?
insects
Which of these has radial symmetry?
jellyfish
A mutualistic association between a fungus and a cyanobacteria or green algae is a
lichen
Amphibians are the descendants of
lobe-finned fishes
Which organism does not posses features that identify them as an arachnid?
lobster
Beekeepers and scientists are puzzled and troubled by a decline in bee populations around the world. What would you predict as a likely consequence of the widespread lack of bees?
loss of crop productivity
deforestation may contribute towards climate change because
loss of tree disrupts the carbon cycle limiting the amount that is absorbed by plants and increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
Pollen grains are most similar to
male sperm
which of the following are greenhouse gases
methane and carbon dioxide
The mantle, foot, and visceral mass are all parts of a(n)
mollusc
Egg-laying mammals are known as
monotremes
The body of a typical fungus is termed a(n)
mycelium
is a limiting inorganic nutrient made available to producers by converting it from a gaseous from into a chemical compound primarily by bacteria
nitrogen
Eutrophication can be caused by excess accumulation of which of the following in a body of water?
nitrogen or phosphorous
Abiotic components of an ecosystem include
nonliving components only
Which feature is necessary in order to classify an organism as an ecdysozoan?
nonliving exoskeleton
What are the key features of chordates?
notochord, dorsal tubular nerve cord, pharyngeal pouches, and a tail
consume both plants and animals
omnivores
By definition, a fruit is derived from the
ovary
Deserification is primarily caused by which of the following activities?
overgrazing of livestock
Is a limiting inorganic nutrient released into the environment by slow weathering of rocks with the help of fungi
phosphate
When an animal respires, the carbon in the carbon dioxide that it breathes out comes indirectly from
photosynthesis
A community is
populations of multiple species interacting with one another is a specific area
You go on a canoe trip to the Boundary Waters Canoe Area (BWCA) in northern Minnesota. This ecosystem is cold most of the year and receives plenty of rainfall. It has many lakes that are full of walleye pike. You know that walleye like to eat minnows. In turn, the minnows feed on scuds (zooplankton), which eat algae (phytoplankton). zooplankton are which of the following?
primary consumers
What is the function of the fungal fruiting body?
produce spores for reproduction
Which feature is not found in the arthropods?
pseudocoelom lined with mesoderm
Which feature is resent in cnidarians but lacking in sponges?
radial symmetry
components of the earth that are in unlimited supply
renewable resources
The main reason reptiles are so well-adapted to land environment is their method of
reproduction
Most fungi in the environment function as
saprotrophs / decomposers
Which of these has a coelom?
sea star
If you were to examine chunks of coal for plant fossils, you would most likely find
seedless vascular plants
The repetition of body parts along the length of an animal's body is termed
segmentation
Which feature is used to identify the ecdysozoans?
shedding their exoskeleton
uses photovoltaic cells to convert photons to electrify
solar
The name Echinodermata literally means
spiny skin
A seed contains a(n)
sporophyte embryo
Which of these is a cephalopod?
squid
Which of the following is a community?
squirrels and the oak trees they live in
which of the following human behaviors is considered sustainable
the use of the sun in order to produce a readily available form of energy
scientists from many disciplines including biology, chemistry, physics, geology, meteorology, have found overwhelming evidence that climate change is occurring and is the result of human activities
true
Which are the "invertebrate" chordates?
tunicates and lancelets but not jawless fishes
An annelid would not
undergo metamorphosis
Which of these is not a chordate characteristic?
ventral, solid nerve cord
Which of these is present in all fishes?
vertebrae
provides a constant source of power or communities such that its energy can be sold when in excess and bought when in need
wind
