bio test final part 2

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As an overall average, about ______ of the energy at one trophic level is generally available to the next highest rank in the food chain.

10%

When did modern humans migrate from Africa into Asia and Europe?

100,000 years ago

If there were 10,000 calories of net primary productivity in a field, how much on average will be available to a primary consumer?

1000 calories

All of the caterpillars in an area weigh 2,000 kg. How much of the biomass will be converted into top carnivore tissue?

20 kg

Which of the following characteristics is not a plant adaptation to land?

Ability to undergo photosynthesis

In the replacement model of evolution, where did modern humans first evolve?

Africa

The closest living relatives of modern humans are

African apes

Plants can be used to make all of the following products except ____.

All of the above (plants medicine furniture houses)

Carbon returns to the atmosphere

All of the answers are correct.

A fungal infection that covers an amphibian's skin can quickly kill the animal. Why can't amphibians tolerate their skin being covered with a foreign substance?

Amphibians have small lungs and use their skin for gas exchange; they suffocate when their skin is covered with fungal growth

Scientists have shown that as atmospheric carbon dioxide levels increase, the pH of the oceans decreases, thereby threatening aquatic organisms such as coral and organisms with shells. What is the best explanation for this?

Carbon dioxide combines with water to form an acid

Why are developmental biologists so interested in studying echinoderm embryos?

Echinoderms are the closest living relatives of chordates

How are greenhouse gases suspected of causing climate warming?

Greenhouse gases prevent radiation of infrared energy back into space, trapping the heat near the Earths surface and causing the climate to warm

Which of the following is not an ecological benefit of plants?

Increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

Which of the following is not an ecological benefit of plants?

Increases the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

Which statement is NOT true about invertebrate animals?

Invertebrates lack a nervous system

A plant has vascular tissue and true roots, stems, and leaves, but it does not produce seeds. The plant has microphylls and bears its sporangia in strobili. This plant is a

Lycophyte

Which sequence is the correct one in plant evolution?

Multicellular embryo-vascular tissue-seed-flower

What is the first step in energy flow through an ecosystem

Producers absorb solar energy

What is the first step in energy flow through an ecosystem?

Producers absorb solar energy

Which statement about sponges is correct?

Sponges are filter feeders

You may hear some newscasters, politicians, TV show hosts, or friends and family members say that climate change is not real or that it is not caused by humans. What do the people who actually study how the natural world works think about climate?

The overwhelming majority of scientists, about 97% believe human- caused climate change is real

Forests help to regulate the global climate by

absorbing carbon dioxide

Some scientists estimate that over half of the world's rainforest has already been lost, mostly due to human activities. What would you predict as a consequence of the massive loss of plant life?

an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide

Apples, oranges, peanuts, and rice grains are produced by

angiosperms

Which of these are segmented?

annelids

In an aquatic ecosystem, the aquatic plants are eaten by small invertebrates that in turn are eaten by crayfish, the crayfish are eaten by fish, and the fish are eaten by ducks, in this system, the greatest amount of biomass would be found in the

aquatic plants

energy from an outside source and inorganic nutrients to make own organic nutrients acquire

autotroph

An organism that can use energy and inorganic substances to produce all the organic material it requires is a(n)

autotroph or producer

Which of the following is not a benefit of biodiversity

biological magnification

Which are the most numerous and diverse vertebrates?

bony fishes

While walking in the woods, you come across some low-growing plants clustered at the base of a tree. You collect one as a specimen for biology class. Upon examination in the lab, you find that the leaf-, stem-, and root-like structures contain no vascular tissue. The plant is

bryophyte

involves the elaborate exchange of gaseous products of consumer reparation/ breathing with a producer converting these components from the atmosphere into compounds it can use for itself

carbon

responsible for generation of fossil fuels

carbon

Which of these is a bivalve

clam

The world today derives the majority of its energy from which of the following sources?

coal and oil

Which feature is lacking in sponges?

contain organized true tissues

negative impact on the biodiversity of aquatic wildlife

dams

obtain nutrients from dead organic matter and release inorganic nutrients into the environment

decomposer

Which of the following features would have the greatest influence in creating a more sustainable urban society

decreasing the amount of land that is altered in order to accommodate human desires

increases atmospheric carbon dioxide

deforestation

soil no longer able to hold rainwater, plant/ animals unable to thrive, land unable to support agriculture

desertification

organisms that live in a marine environment have skin, gills tube feet, a coelom, and a water vascular system are classified as

echinoderm

Birds are not

ectothermic

All of the following are true about ecosystems EXCEPT

energy is constantly recycled

What is a common feature shared by both the roundworms and the arthropods?

exoskeleton

Growing livestock is more sustainable than growing crop plants.

false

Which of the following is/are suspected of causing climate change?

fossil fuel usage, deforestation, and agriculture

Which of the following is not a renewable resource

fossil fuels

Which is not a typical adult amphibian characteristic?

four-chambered heart

Based on the figures shown here, which organism is NOT a primary consumer?

fox

elements within the soil used to heat buildings

geothermal

A disproportionately large percentage of resources in more developed countries goes to

growing livestock

Conifers such as pine trees are

gymnosperms

The major cause of the loss in Earth's biodiversity is

habitat loss

Which of these is a unique characteristic of mammals?

hair

obtain energy and nutrients from algae or plants only

herbivore

A(n) __ is an individual animal that possesses both male and female sex organs

hermaphrodite

obtain energy and nutrients from consuming organic matter/compounds

heterotrophs

A company that owns an office building decides to build a green roof. Which of the following is least likely to occur as a result?

higher water bills because of the need to irrigate vegetation

contamination of aquifers, increase in earthquakes

hydraulic fracking

historically it accounts for the majority of the renewable energy power usage in the US

hydropower

Human society in its current form is unsustainable because

important natural resources are being consumed more quickly than they can be replenished

An ecosystem

includes both living and abiotic factors within a particular region.

Which of the following is not a way in which rural areas may be sustainable

increasing use of extensive irrigation techniques to nurture demanding crops

Which of these has the necessary adaptations to survive in a dry land environment?

insect

Which is the largest, most diverse group of arthropods?

insects

Which of these has radial symmetry?

jellyfish

A mutualistic association between a fungus and a cyanobacteria or green algae is a

lichen

Amphibians are the descendants of

lobe-finned fishes

Which organism does not posses features that identify them as an arachnid?

lobster

Beekeepers and scientists are puzzled and troubled by a decline in bee populations around the world. What would you predict as a likely consequence of the widespread lack of bees?

loss of crop productivity

deforestation may contribute towards climate change because

loss of tree disrupts the carbon cycle limiting the amount that is absorbed by plants and increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

Pollen grains are most similar to

male sperm

which of the following are greenhouse gases

methane and carbon dioxide

The mantle, foot, and visceral mass are all parts of a(n)

mollusc

Egg-laying mammals are known as

monotremes

The body of a typical fungus is termed a(n)

mycelium

is a limiting inorganic nutrient made available to producers by converting it from a gaseous from into a chemical compound primarily by bacteria

nitrogen

Eutrophication can be caused by excess accumulation of which of the following in a body of water?

nitrogen or phosphorous

Abiotic components of an ecosystem include

nonliving components only

Which feature is necessary in order to classify an organism as an ecdysozoan?

nonliving exoskeleton

What are the key features of chordates?

notochord, dorsal tubular nerve cord, pharyngeal pouches, and a tail

consume both plants and animals

omnivores

By definition, a fruit is derived from the

ovary

Deserification is primarily caused by which of the following activities?

overgrazing of livestock

Is a limiting inorganic nutrient released into the environment by slow weathering of rocks with the help of fungi

phosphate

When an animal respires, the carbon in the carbon dioxide that it breathes out comes indirectly from

photosynthesis

A community is

populations of multiple species interacting with one another is a specific area

You go on a canoe trip to the Boundary Waters Canoe Area (BWCA) in northern Minnesota. This ecosystem is cold most of the year and receives plenty of rainfall. It has many lakes that are full of walleye pike. You know that walleye like to eat minnows. In turn, the minnows feed on scuds (zooplankton), which eat algae (phytoplankton). zooplankton are which of the following?

primary consumers

What is the function of the fungal fruiting body?

produce spores for reproduction

Which feature is not found in the arthropods?

pseudocoelom lined with mesoderm

Which feature is resent in cnidarians but lacking in sponges?

radial symmetry

components of the earth that are in unlimited supply

renewable resources

The main reason reptiles are so well-adapted to land environment is their method of

reproduction

Most fungi in the environment function as

saprotrophs / decomposers

Which of these has a coelom?

sea star

If you were to examine chunks of coal for plant fossils, you would most likely find

seedless vascular plants

The repetition of body parts along the length of an animal's body is termed

segmentation

Which feature is used to identify the ecdysozoans?

shedding their exoskeleton

uses photovoltaic cells to convert photons to electrify

solar

The name Echinodermata literally means

spiny skin

A seed contains a(n)

sporophyte embryo

Which of these is a cephalopod?

squid

Which of the following is a community?

squirrels and the oak trees they live in

which of the following human behaviors is considered sustainable

the use of the sun in order to produce a readily available form of energy

scientists from many disciplines including biology, chemistry, physics, geology, meteorology, have found overwhelming evidence that climate change is occurring and is the result of human activities

true

Which are the "invertebrate" chordates?

tunicates and lancelets but not jawless fishes

An annelid would not

undergo metamorphosis

Which of these is not a chordate characteristic?

ventral, solid nerve cord

Which of these is present in all fishes?

vertebrae

provides a constant source of power or communities such that its energy can be sold when in excess and bought when in need

wind


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