BIO U6 SECTION QUIZZES
19 ____________________ have no body cavity.
Aceolomates
20 What has a large surface area to allow for gas exchange?
Alveoli
22 What are the two main compounds humans use to store food in the body?
Fat and Carbohydrate
22 The image above depicts a: (multiple connected animals, more than a line)
Food web
22 In the image below, what does the letter C represent? (big sac behind stomach)
Liver
20 ______ muscle is not ______.
Smooth; striated
21 The principal male sex hormones are called __________, and are produced in the testes.
androgens
21 The principle male sex hormones are called ______, and are produced in the testes.
androgens
21 At a synapse, transmission of a nerve impulse occurs from:
axon to dendrite
20 The hip is an example of which type of joint?
ball-and-socket joint
22 Which of the following is not an example of a pathogen? bacteria cancer virus fungi
cancer
19 The ______ system is the body's internal system of chemical communication.
endocrine
21 The cells responsible for producing glucagon and insulin are:
found in the Islets of Langerhans
21 Which nerve type stimulates muscles or glands?
motor neuron
22 What are these teeth specialized for? (canines)
ripping and shredding food
20 The pulmonary vein:
takes blood from the lungs to the heart
22 What is metabolic rate?
the total amount of energy an animal uses in a given period of time
21 True or false: Organs of the endocrine system are called glands.
true
21 Identify the reproductive organ indicated by the arrow. (one of the two long tubes from testes)
vas deferens
21 Which type of sensory receptor is responsible for smell and taste? Photoreceptor Mechanoreceptor Chemoreceptor None of the above
Chemoreceptor
20 Which of the following is an example of an animal with a hydrostatic skeleton? Crab Mussel Human Earthworm
Earthworm
22 Many white blood cells are produced by: adenoids tonsils lymph nodes mucous membranes None of the above.
None of the above. (bone marrow)
20 Which type of circulatory system has no blood vessels, and organs are covered in hemolymph? Closed Open
Open
20 What is a bone cell called?
Osteocyte
19 The simplest animal are:
Sponges
19 Which tissue type covers and lines organs?
epithelial
20 True or false: The SA node stimulates all 4 chambers to contract simultaneously.
false
19 The first animals were ______.
invertebrates
21 Most animals reproduce using _______________ reproduction
sexual
22 What is the main nitrogen-containing waste product in birds?
uric acid
20 Which letter is showing a sarcomere?
A - whoe unit thing
19 Which are characterized by the presence of 4 limbs and need to live near water to reproduce?
Amphibians
22 What is an osmoregulator?
An animal that actively adjusts its internal water balance to maintainosmotic pressure.
22 What substance is released by the liver and helps to digest fats?
Bile
20 What is osteoporosis?
Calcium and phosphorus ions are removed from bone faster than they are deposited.
19 The greatest diversification of early animals recorded in the fossil record is called the ______ explosion.
Cambrian
19 Which type of arthropods lack mandibles and have dagger-like mouthparts? Chelicerates Insects Myriapods Crustaceans
Chelicerates
22 ______ biosynthesis takes place in the liver, as does the synthesis of ______ from carbohydrates.
Fatty acid; glycogen
20 Which organism has an endoskeleton? Cockroach Mollusk Earthworm Frog
Frog
20 In bone, blood vessels can be found in:
Haversian canals
21 Which gland receives signals from the body and produces hormones?
Hypothalamus
20 Which of the following statements is not true for an animal with an open circulatory system? It has a tube-shaped heart. A fluid called hemolymph is pumped directly into the body cavity. It has an extensive network of blood vessels. It may be an insect. All of the above.
It has an extensive network of blood vessels.
19 Groups of tissues working together are called:
Organs
19 In this body form, the tentacles and mouth face upward and reproduction is asexual.
Polyp
19 Which of the following is not a physical trait of all chordates? A notochord A hollow nerve cord Protective braincase A tail that extends beyond the anus None of these are correct.
Protective Braincase
21 Which of the following statements is false? The pituitary gland is found in the brain. The pituitary gland has two parts, the anterior and the posterior pituitary. The anterior pituitary gland doesn't synthesize any of the hormones thatit releases into the bloodstream. The posterior pituitary gland secretes hormones from the hypothalamusdirectly into the bloodstream. The anterior pituitary releases hormones in response to signals from the hypothalamus.
The anterior pituitary gland doesn't synthesize any of the hormones thatit releases into the bloodstream.
22 _____________ spend most of their time in the _________________.
White blood cells; lymphatic system
21 ________________ is the female sex hormone and ____________ the male sex hormone.
estrogen; testosterone
21 During the ____________ phase of the ovarian cycle, the follile and egg mature under the influence of FSH and LH.
follicular
21 The cells responsible for producing glucagon and insulin are _______.
found in the islets of Langerhans
20 A hemoglobin molecule can carry ______ oxygen molecule(s).
four
20 A hemoglobin molecule can carry ________ oxygen molecule(s).
four
19 The first vertebrates are said to have been:
jawless fish
20 How is the heart of a reptile different than the heart of an amphibian?
reptiles have a partially divided ventricle, amphibians do not
22 What is digestion?
the breakdown of food into molecules small enough for the body to absorb
22 The human kidney is divided into two regions known as
the cortex and medulla.
20 The strength of a skeletal muscle contraction depends on which of the following? the number of motor units that contract. The presence of calcium ions. The amount of marrow. The lack of myofibrils. All of the above.
the number of motor units that contract.
19 The segments of an adult insect are fused into ______ regions.
three
20 With each breath, about ______ of the total lung capacity flows into and out of the lungs.
10%
21 Which letter shows the location of neurotransmitter storage? (at the skinny end of the neuron)
A
22 What is an antigen?
A foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body
20 Which of the following best explains the difference between a sprain and a strain? A sprain is permanent, while a strain can be surgically repaired. A strain occurs when ligaments or tendons are overstretched; a sprainoccurs when ligaments or tendons are torn. A sprain occurs when ligaments or tendons are overstretched; a strainoccurs when ligaments or tendons are torn. A strain takes much longer to heal than a sprain.
A strain occurs when ligaments or tendons are overstretched; a sprainoccurs when ligaments or tendons are torn.
21 Which effect does antidiuretic hormone (ADH) have on the body? ADH signals the kidneys to release water into the bloodstream. ADH signals the kidneys to take up more water from the bloodstream. ADH signals the hypothalamus when the solute concentration in the blood is too high. ADH signals the hypothalamus when the solute concentrations in the blood are too low. ADH signals the posterior pituitary when the solute concentrations in the blood are too low.
ADH signals the kidneys to release water into the bloodstream.
22 Which statement about passive and active immunity is false? Passive immunity occurs without an immune response Active immunity can be given from mother to baby Passive immunity can occur from getting an injection of the antibodies Active immunity is long lasting
Active immunity can be given from mother to baby
21 The adrenal medulla secretes which of the following hormones? epinephrine norepinephrine adrenaline All of the above.
All of the above
22 T cells: Can be helper T cells Can be killer T cells Stimulate B cells All of these
All of these
22 Which of the following is an example of a type of white blood cell involved in the internal nonspecific immune response? phagocytes neutrophils monocytes natural killer cells All of these are correct.
All of these
22 Which is not an effect of histamines? Increased blood flow Pain Swelling and redness All of these are effects of histamines
All of these are effects of histamines
22 Which is not an essential nutrient? Some fatty acids 8 amino acids Calcium All vitamins
All vitamins
19 Which is not a trait shared by all chordates? Notochord Tails Pharyngeal Slits Amniotic sac
Amniotic sac
19 Which of the following statements is not true about animals? Animal cells have external walls. Animals are heterotrophic. Most animal species are diploid and reproduce sexually. Some animals alter their morphology as they grow. Animal cells are supported and connected by a matrix of special proteins.
Animal cells have external walls.
22 Which is not true regarding the 2nd line of defense in the immune system? Blood vessels expand Phagocytes destroy foreign invaders Swelling can occur Fever can occur Antigens are detected to cause a response
Antigens are detected to cause a response
19 The vast majority of animal species living today are found in which of the following groups? Reptiles Echinoderms Arthropods Mollusks Fishes
Arthropods
19 Which are the most diverse of all animals? Reptiles Arthropods Mammals Amphibians
Arthropods
21 Which statement is false regarding the pancreas? Alpha cells produce glucagon when sugar levels are low Beta cells produce insulin when sugar levels are low Cells called the Islets of Langerhans produce alpha and beta cells The pancreas produces enzymes needed in digestion
Beta cells produce insulin when sugar levels are low
21 Which of the following statements is false? Diabetes mellitus is caused by a failure of the body to regulate glucose levels properly. Type I diabetes mellitus usually appears in childhood. Both Type I and Type II diabetes mellitus must be treated by insulin injections. Type I diabetes mellitus results because insulin is not produced. Type II diabetes mellitus is often associated with obesity and aging.
Both Type I and Type II diabetes mellitus must be treated by insulin injections.
21 Which of the following statements is false? Diabetes mellitus is caused by a failure of the body to regulate glucoselevels properly. Type I diabetes mellitus usually appears in childhood. Both Type I and Type II diabetes mellitus must be treated with insulin injections. Type I diabetes mellitus results because insulin is not produced. Type II diabetes mellitus is often associated with obesity and aging.
Both Type I and Type II diabetes mellitus must be treated with insulin injections.
21 This part of the brain controls basic involuntary body functions.
Brain stem
20 Which letter prevents oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood from mixing?
C (the wall)
19 Which is not a trait of animals? Can be multicellular or unicellular Eukaryotic Heterotrophic Diploid
Can be multicellular or unicellular
20 Which of the following matches the muscle type with its correct description? Skeletal muscle - responsible for involuntary movements of the body Cardiac muscle - responsible for heart muscle contraction Smooth muscle - responsible for voluntary movements of the body Skeletal muscle - responsible for contraction of the esophagus andstomach during digestion
Cardiac muscle - responsible for heart muscle contraction
20 Which of the following statements is false regarding cardiac muscle? The nerve signal enters one part of the heart and then spreads to all cardiac cells. Cardiac muscle is striated. Cardiac muscle is very similar to skeletal muscle. Cardiac muscle is found in blood vessels. None of these is correct.
Cardiac muscle is found in blood vessels.
20 Which of the following statements is false regarding cardiac muscle? The nerve signal enters one part of the heart and then spreads to allcardiac cells. Cardiac muscle is striated. Cardiac muscle in very similar to skeletal muscle. Cardiac muscle is found in blood vessels. None of the above.
Cardiac muscle is found in blood vessels.
20 The function of this system is to transport blood, collect waste materials, and regulate body temperature.
Cardiovascular System
22 Which type of immune response destroys infected body cells? Humoral immunity Cell mediated immunity Passive immunity The use of interferons
Cell mediated immunity
21 The ______ is the largest and most complex part of the human brain.
Cerebrum
19 Which type of arthropod lives has two distinct body regions and four or five pairs of legs? Chelicerates Trilobites Crustaceans Insects
Chelicerates
19 Which body system is responsible for transporting oxygen? Circulatory System Respiratory System Immune System Nervous System
Circulatory system
19 Which of the following groups of animals lack cephalization Arthropods Cnidarians Roundworms Annelids Rotifers
Cnidarians
20 Which of the following is NOT one of the main functions of the circulatory system? Deliver oxygen and nutrients to cells Conduct nerve impulses Remove waste products from cells and tissues Distribute hormones
Conduct nerve impulses
19 Which tissue type can be found in bone, blood, and joint cavities?
Connective
22 Animals that digest decayed organic material are called
Deposit feeders
22 Which of the following gives an animal dietary habit with its correct definition? Herbivore - feeds on both plants and animals Carnivore - feeds on only plant matter Detritivore - feeds on dead or decaying matter Ominvore - feeds on the dead remains of both plants and animals
Detritivore - feeds on dead or decaying matter
20 Which of the following is NOT one of the three main types of skeletons? Electrostatic skeleton Hydrostatic skeleton Exoskeleton Endoskeleton
Electrostatic skeleton
21 Which of the following statements is false? Glucocorticoids weaken the immune system. Estrogen helps prepare the uterus for pregnancy. Androgens are involved in the development of male secondary sex characteristics. Estrogen is involved in the development of female secondary sex characteristics. Mineralocorticoids regulate the salt and water balance of the blood.
Estrogen helps prepare the uterus for pregnancy.
20 Ignore colors. Which letter shows a vein?
F (right side, small)
21 Which letter shows the location where the impulse is received? (big end of neuron)
F - dendrites
21 Which statement is false? Males produce all their sperm starting at puberty Females produce all their eggs starting at puberty During spermatogenesis 4 sperm are produced. During oogenesis 1 egg is produced.
Females produce all their eggs starting at puberty
21 Which of the following accurately describes a characteristic of the second trimester of pregnancy? Placenta becomes visible and all major organs are present Fetus grows to 30cm and shows active movement Fetus grows to 50 cm and develops fat tissue under skin surface Fetus is born.
Fetus grows to 30cm and shows active movement
19 The first jawed vertebrates are said to have been the:
Fish
19 These can be free living or parasitic.
Flatworms
22 What type of diet are this teeth adapted for? (Molars)
Herbivorous
20 What is the main reason humans not able to rely on diffusion alone to move substances around the body?
Humans are too large for efficient diffusion
20 This type of skeleton is made of a fluid-filled cavity surrounded by muscles
Hydrostatic skeleton
20 What is the difference between a heart attack and a stroke?
In a heart attack there is an interruption of the blood supply to thecoronary arteries; in a stroke there is an interruption of the bloodsupply to the brain and nervous tissue.
22 Where are nutrients absorbed? In the stomach In the villi of the small intestine In the colon of the large intestine Both B and C
In the villi of the small intestine
19 Which is not a trait of echinoderms? Bilateral Symmetry Ossicles, or interlocking plates A water vascular system Incomplete digestive system Tube feet
Incomplete digestive system
21 Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle? Follicle and egg mature Uterine lining thickens Increasing production of LH Increasing production of progesterone
Increasing production of progesterone
21 Which of the following is not a hormone released from the hypothalamus or pituitary gland? Oxytocin ADH (antidiuretic hormone) FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) Insulin LH (luteinizing hormone)
Insulin
21 Which of the following is not a hormone released from the hypothalamus or pituitary gland? oxytocin ADA (antidiuretic hormone) FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) Insulin LH (luteinizing hormone)
Insulin
21 Which of the following statements is false? Glucagon is produced when blood glucose levels are low. Insulin is antagonistic to glucagon Insulin signals the cells of the body to take up more glucose. Insulin signals the liver to break down glucose. Insulin is produced by the pancreas.
Insulin signals the liver to break down glucose.
20 Which of these characteristics helps a flatworm circulate fluids around its body? A muscular heart A vascular system Interstitial fluid Electrical impulses A flat shape
Interstitial fluid
20 Which of the following statements is not true for an animal with an open circulatory system? It has a tube-shaped heart. A fluid called hemolymph is pumped directly into the body cavity. It has an extensive network of blood vessels. It may be an insect. All of these are untrue.
It has an extensive network of blood vessels.
20 Which of the following is not true for an insect regarding respiration? It has gills to exchange gases. It does not have blood vessels involved in gas exchange. It breathes using a system of trachea. Air enters its body using spiracles. All of these are true of an insect.
It has gills to exchange gases.
20 Which of the following statements is not true for an insect? It has gills to exchange gases. It doesn't have a network of blood vessels involved in gas exchange. It breathes using a system of tracheae. Air enters its body through spiracles. All of the above.
It has gills to exchange gases.
20 Which is not true of cardiac muscle tissue? It is found in the heart It is involuntary It is not striated
It is not striated
22 Which of the following statements about the specific immune response is false? Clonal selection creates short-lived effector cells to destroy the specific antigen. Clonal selection produces memory cells that are long-lived and can recognize the antigen in the future. It takes about two weeks for memory cells to respond to an antigen. The maximum response from effector cells takes about two weeks after the first time the body has been exposed to an antigen. Memory cells divide to produce effector cells when they are exposed to their specific antigen.
It takes about two weeks for memory cells to respond to an antigen.
20 What is the name for the place where two or more bones are connected?
Joint
20 What is the name for the long cord of connective tissue that holds two bones together?
Ligament
22 Which is not true regarding the lymphatic system? Lymph is fluid lost from cells and tissues It contain lymphatic vessels to carry lymph Lymph nodes clean lymph It prevents swelling in the body
Lymph is fluid lost from cells and tissues
19 Which of the following statements regarding the immune and lymphatic systems is not true? Lymphocytes are red blood cells that fight infection in the body. The immune and lymphatic systems make up the internal defense system of the body. The lymphatic system contains a network of lymph vessels that extends throughout the body. The immune and lymphatic systems include the specialized organ called the thymus. None of these is untrue.
Lymphocytes are red blood cells that fight infection in the body.
22 Which structure do insects have to help remove wastes? Flame cells Nephridium Malpighian Tubules Kidneys
Malpighian Tubules
19 The tissue that covers the internal organs on a mollusk is called the:
Mantle
22 Nephrons clean blood in a 3 step process. Which statement is incorrect? Blood vessels reabsorb water in the Loop of Henle. Materials too large to enter the capsule in the glomerulus enter later, in the collecting duct. Capillaries are under high pressure which forces materials out of the capillaries to become the filtrate. Materials not reabsorbed into the blood become urine.
Materials too large to enter the capsule in the glomerulus enter later, in the collecting duct.
20 What regulates breathing in the body?
Medulla oblongata
21 Which nerve type stimulates muscles or glands? Glial Cells Interneuron Motor neuron Sensory neuron
Motor neuron
22 Which white blood cell type destroys both virus-infected and cancer cells by attacking the plasma membrane? Neutrophil Natural Killer Cell Monocyte B cell
Natural Killer Cell
20 Which of the following is NOT one of the three main types of muscle? Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle Neural muscle
Neural muscle
22 Many white blood cells are produced by ______. adenoids tonsils lymph nodes mucous membranes None of these is correct.
None of these is correct.
22 Which is not true about digestion? Nutrients are absorbed in the stomach It starts the with breakdown of carbohydrates It involves enzymes It starts with both chemical and mechanical digestion in the mouth
Nutrients are absorbed in the stomach
20 What is the name of the condition when bones weaken due to a lack of minerals?
Osteoporosis
21 Where is the hormone estrogen produced?
Ovaries
21 Where is the hormone glucagon produced?
Pancreas
22 In the image below, what does the letter G represent?
Pancreas
20 Which of the following bones is not included in the axial skeleton? Pectoral girdle Skull Vertebrae Ribs
Pectoral girdle
22 Which of the following is NOT one of the defenses that the vertebrate body has against pathogens? Physical internal barriers Physical external barriers Non-specific immune response Specific immune response
Physical internal barriers
21 Which gland releases hormones to stimulate other glands to produce hormones? Thalamus Pituitary Gland Hypothalamus Adrenal Gland
Pituitary Gland
19 If salt levels get too high, the __________ releases ADH to go to the kidneys to ___________ water.
Pituitary, conserve
21 The function of the Somatic Nervous System is to:
Regulate conscious control and activities like movement
21 Which of the following is not a function of T3 and T4 produced by the thyroid gland? Inhibition of the production of TSH releasing hormone Regulation of the calcium levels in the blood The regulation of blood pressure and heart rate High body temperature and sweating The regulation of digestion and metabolism
Regulation of the calcium levels in the blood
22 Which of the following is not an effect of histamine at the site of an injury? Increased flow of blood to the region Swelling and redness of the region Increased flow of white blood cells into the damaged tissue. Release of pathogens into the region. All of the above.
Release of pathogens into the region.
20 Which of the following generates electrical impulses in the heart? AV node The bottom region of the heart SA node A series of specialized fibers running to the bottom of the heart Heart valves
SA node
20 Which of the following generates electrical impulses in the heart? AV node bottom region of the heart SA node a series of specialized fibers running to the bottom of the heart Heart valves
SA node
22 The ___________ immune response is faster than the __________ immune response due to memory cells.
Secondary; primary
20 Which of the following statements is false regarding smooth muscle? Smooth muscle is found in blood vessels Smooth muscle is striated muscle. Smooth muscle contracts with less tension than striated muscle. Myofibrils aren't organized into bundles of that run the length of the cell. None of the above.
Smooth muscle is striated muscle.
21 ______ neurons stimulate skeletal muscles.
Somatic motor
21 Which of the following is not a response to the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine? Suppression of the immune system The breakdown of glycogen into glucose by the liver An increase in heart rate An increase in blood volume pumped with each heart beat Dilation of the bronchioles in the lungs
Suppression of the immune system
20 Knees and elbows are types of _____________ joints.
Synovial
22 ______________ undergo clonal selection when activated by an antigen.
T cells and B cells
20 How are muscles connected to bone?
Tendon
21 What is the path sperm take, starting with the testes?
Testes; Vas Deferens; ejaculatory duct; urethra
22 Which statement about kidneys is not true? The medulla is the inner part of the kidney. The cortex is the outer part of the kidney. Most nephrons are found in the medulla. The Glomerulus is where water is conserved.
The Glomerulus is where water is conserved.
21 Which statement about the pituitary gland is not true? The anterior pituitary releases hormones directly into the bloodstream The posterior pituitary releases oxytocin The anterior pituitary releases both releasing and inhibiting hormones The posterior pituitary is releases hormones directly into the bloodstream
The anterior pituitary releases hormones directly into the bloodstream???
20 Which of the following statements are true? The cuticle of arthropod exoskeletons is composed of chitin. The movement of organisms with hydrostatic skeletons occurs through peristalsis. Osteoporosis occurs because of excess of ions is deposited in the bones. All joints have a large range of motion. Muscles push and pull against the bones of endoskeletons and hard plates of exoskeletons
The movement of organisms with hydrostatic skeletons occurs through peristalsis
20 Which of the following statements are true? The cuticle of arthropod exoskeletons is composed of chitin. The movement of organisms with hydrostatic skeletons occurs through peristalsis. Osteoporosis occurs because of excess of ions is deposited in the bones. All joints have a large range of motion. Muscles push and pull against the bones of endoskeletons and hard plates of exoskeletons.
The movement of organisms with hydrostatic skeletons occurs through peristalsis.
21 Which is not a difference between the endocrine and nervous systems? The nervous system communicates with electrical signals The endocrine system communicates with hormones The nervous system send signals through the bloodstream. The endocrine regulates slow processes.
The nervous system send signals through the bloodstream.
22 Which statement regarding antibodies is not true? Antibodies are proteins There are 2 antigen binding sites They are made by T cells The recognize foreign antigens and bind to them
They are made by T cells
21 What statement is false regarding T3 and T4? They are produced by the thyroid gland They help regulate metabolism The can inhibit their release via negative feedback They help regulate calcium levels in the blood
They help regulate calcium levels in the blood
21 Which of the following is a typical behavior of animals that fertilize their eggs externally? Mating involves the male placing his sperm in or near the female'sreproductive tract. They reproduce asexually. They produce only one egg. They produce many eggs. All of the above.
They produce many eggs.
19 Which is not a way to categorize animals? Symmetry Tissue Layers Method of obtaining energy Type of body cavity
Tissue Layers
22 Which of the following is not one of the functions of the body's external barriers? To physically keep pathogens out To wash away pathogens To destroy pathogens using enzymes To eliminate pathogens by phagocytosis
To eliminate pathogens by phagocytosis
21 What is the role of the hormone calcitonin?
To lower blood calcium levels by stimulating the bones to take in calcium
22 What is the purpose of the lymphatic system?
To maintain the fluid level in the circulatory system, to defend thebody against injury and infection;
21 What is the role of epinephrine?
To signal the liver to release glucose and increase oxygen delivery
21 What are the roles of the hormone insulin? (You may choose more than one answer.) To promote the production of growth factors and stimulate the growth of bones To signal the liver to break down glycogen and release glucose To stimulate activities of the gonads To signal the liver to take up glucose and store it a glycogen
To signal the liver to take up glucose and store it a glycogen
21 What is the role of the hormone oxytocin?
To stimulate uterine contractions and ejection of milk from the mammary glands.
22 Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin? Vitamin C Vitamin A Vitamin E Vitamin D Vitamin K
Vitamin C
20 What causes air to move in and out of the lungs?
When the diaphragm contracts if flattens and increases volumes
22 Which is not part of the first line of defense? Tears Sweat White blood cells Skin Saliva
White blood cells
22 ______ spend most of their time in the ______.
White blood cells; lymphatic system
20 Which correctly identifies the peaks in this electrocardiograph? a - impulse at SA node and contraction of atria, b - contraction of the ventricles a - impulse at SA node, b - atria contract a - atria contract, b - impulse from SA node moves to the lower heart a - ventricles contract, b - atria contract
a - impulse at SA node and contraction of atria, b - contraction of the ventricles
20 A jointed exoskeleton is known as ______.
a cuticle
20 Which of the following describes an exoskeleton? a skeleton made of fluid under pressure in closed compartments a hard casing on the surface of an invertebrate a hard supporting skeleton found inside the body tissue a rigid structure of neurons found near the skin of a vertebrate.
a hard casing on the surface of an invertebrate
19 The development of which characteristic enabled vertebrates to dominate the seas?
a hinged jaw
20 Which of the following organisms has an endoskeleton? a grasshopper a clam an earthworm a human a mollusk
a human
20 ______ is made up of compartments of pressurized fluid.
a hydrostatic skeleton
20 _____________ is made up of compartments of pressurized fluid. an endoskeleton a cuticle an exoskeleton a bivalve a hydrostatic skeleton
a hydrostatic skeleton
19 All mollusks possess:
a layer of specialized tissues called a mantle
19 Which of the following is not a physical trait of an echinoderm? Bilateral symmetry Lack of a head A water vascular system A notochord Calcified plates under the skin
a notochord
20 The arrangement of the myofilaments creates a functional unit called ______.
a sarcomere
20 The arrangement of the myofilaments creates a functional unit called _____________.
a sarcomere
20 Which of the following organisms has an endoskeleton? a grasshopper a clam an earthworm a sponge a mollusk
a sponge
20 During a muscle contraction, the ___________ slides over the ___________ causing the ___________ to shorten.
actin, myosin, sarcomere
19 Which of the following is not a type of vertebrate muscle tissue? adipose smooth cardiac skeletal None of these is correct.
adipose
21 Which gland responds to stress?
adrenal glands
21 The seminal vesicles contribute ______ to seminal fluid, while the prostate gland contributes ______.
alkaline fluid; sperm nutrients
22 The 3rd line of defense includes: T cells B cells Phagocytes All of these
all of these
20 The ______ are the sites where oxygen is transferred to the bloodstream, and carbon dioxide is transferred back to the air.
alveoli
19 Which of the following is the oldest group of tetrapods? amphibians amniotes jawless fishes reptiles mammals
amphibians
22 T cells and B cells undergo clonal selection when activated by ______.
an antigen
22 Both T and B cells are activated and reproduce when stimulated by
antigens
22 Osmoconformers like sea anemone: must actively adjust their internal water balance have lower osmotic pressure inside their cells than the osmotic pressureof sea water. are in equilibrium with the surrounding sea water. have higher osmotic pressure inside their cells than the osmoticpressure of sea water. excrete using flame cells.
are in equilibrium with the surrounding sea water.
22 Osmoconformers like the sea anemone must actively adjust their internal water balance. have lower osmotic pressure inside their cells than the osmotic pressure of sea water. are in equilibrium with the surrounding sea water. have higher osmotic pressure inside their cells than the osmotic pressure of sea water. excrete using flame cells.
are in equilibrium with the surrounding sea water.
20 Most of the carbon dioxide transported by human blood is transported as:
bicarbonate ions
19 Which of the following is the least dense connective tissue? cartilage adipose tissue blood bone All connective tissue has the same density.
blood
20 Which of the following is true regarding a closed circulatory system? organs are surrounded by hemolymph organs are surrounded by blood blood circulates in vessels hemolymph circulates in vessels
blood circulates in vessels
19 Which of the following is the most dense connective tissue? cartilage adipose tissue bone blood hair
bone
20 Which bones are not part of the appendicular skeleton? pelvic girdle pectoral girdle bones of the arms bones of the legs bones of the spine
bones of the spine
21 This part of the brain controls basic involuntary body functions. Cerebral Cortex Cerebrum Cerebellum Brain stem
brain stem
21 Which part of the brain controls basic life functions? Cerebrum Cerebellum Brain Stem Cerebral Cortex
brain stem
20 Which of the following bones is not included in the appendicular skeleton? breastbone pectoral girdle arms legs
breastbone
20 _________________ is a type of connective tissue found between bones that adds cushion and support.
cartilage
21 Identify the reproductive organ indicated by the arrow. (thicker part before uterus)
cervix
19 These have nematocysts to help capture prey.
cnidarians
22 What is osmoregulation?
control of the balance between water and salts in the body fluids of animals
20 A jointed exoskeleton is known as ________________. an axial skeleton a bivalve an echinoderm an appendicular skeleton cuticle
cuticle
21 Which of these lists the three germ layers from top to bottom, as shown in this image?
ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
22 Clonal selection produces ______.
effector cells and memory cells
22 Clonal selection produces:
effector cells and memory cells
21 By the end of the ______ week of development, all the major organs are present and the 5-cm human embryo is referred to as a fetus.
eighth
19 The ______ system is the body's internal system of chemical communication. It consists of ______ that secrete ______.
endocrine; glands; hormones
20 In humans, which of the following is not one of the roles of bone? Movement Protection Blood cell production Energy storage
energy storage
20 The _____________ prevents food and liquid from entering your trachea.
epiglottis
19 Body cavities are lined with ______ tissue.
epithelial
19 Body cavities are lined with material called ______, while ______ fills connective tissue.
epithelium; collagen
19 True or false: Shivering is an example of how the muscular system helps maintain biological homeostasis.
false
20 True or false: Skeletal muscles push on bone to create movement.
false
21 True or false: Oocytes get their nutrients from surrounding cells called the corpus luteum.
false
21 True or false: Reflexes work quickly due to the speed at which the brain receives the information.
false
22 True or false: Each pathogen has the same antigen.
false
22 True or false: Only humoral immunity produces memory cells.
false
22 Baleen whales and clams are both ______ feeders.
filter
22 Baleen whales and clams are both ____________ feeders.
filter
20 Which of the following has a heart with a single atrium and a single ventricle? amphibians birds humans fish All of the above
fish
20 Which of the following has a heart with a single atrium and a single ventricle? amphibians birds humans fish All of these are correct.
fish
22 How many different types of white blood cells are there?
five types
22 A flame cell is a type of excretory cell found in:
flatworms
21 During the ______ phase of the ovarian cycle, the follicle and egg mature under the influence of FSH and LH.
follicular
21 Sperm and egg cells are called ___________________.
gametes
22 For short-term storage, the liver and muscles store excess energy as ______.
glycogen
22 For short-term storage, the liver and muscles store excess energy as ____________.
glycogen
20 Which of the following is not a form by which carbon dioxide is carried in the blood? carbonic acid bicarbonate graphite hemoglobin None of the above.
graphite
22 Organisms that eat plants exclusively are called
herbivores
19 The process of maintaining the body's internal steady state is called ______.
homeostasis
19 The control center for most homeostatic mechanisms is the ______.
hypothalamus
21 In both males and females, the ______ produces gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH).
hypothalamus
21 In both males and females, the ______________ produces gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH).
hypothalamus
21 Which of the following is the primary gland that receives signals from the body, and responds by producing hormones? hypothalamus pituitary gland adrenal gland thyroid gland pancreas
hypothalamus
21 In both males and females, the ______ produces gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH). GnRH stimulates the ______ to produce two hormones called FSH and LH.
hypothalamus; pituitary gland
22 Malpighian tubules in ______________ collect wastes and discharge them.
insects
19 Skin, hair, and nails are part of the ______ system.
integumentary
20 Which of these characteristics helps a flatworm circulate fluids around its body? a muscular heart a vascular system interstitial fluid a flat shape
interstitial fluid
22 What is the main benefit of fat as an energy storage molecule?
it can store more calories per gram than other molecules
20 ___________ holds bones together at joints.
ligament
22 Glucose is stored as glycogen in the:
liver
20 Which is not a part of the cardiovascular system? Lymph Heart Blood Vessels Blood
lymph
21 In a sensory neuron, the threshold potential might be expected to be reached if the neuron was sufficiently stimulated by a:
mechanoreceptor, chemoreceptor, or photoreceptor
20 The body's breathing control centers are located in two regions of the brain, the ______ and the ______.
medulla oblongata; pons
21 The brain and spinal cord are protected by layers of connective tissue called ______.
meninges
19 The mantle is a layer of specialized tissue found in ______.
mollusks
19 Which tissue type may be voluntary or striated? Connective Nervous Muscular Epithelial
muscular
20 Skin breathers like earthworms:
must live in moist conditions to allow oxygen to be dissolved
20 Skin breathers like earthworms
must live in moist conditions to allow oxygen to be dissolved.
22 Which of the following are not types of phagocytes? neutrophils monocytes macrophages natural killer cells All of the above.
natural killer cells
22 Which of the following are not types of phagocytes? neutrophils monocytes macrophages natural killer cells All of these are types of phagocytes.
natural killer cells
22 _____________ destroy cancer cells by attacking their cell membranes and causing the cells to rupture.
natural killer cells
21 A ______ is a bundle of neurons with their axons arranged like a cable.
nerve
19 A neuron is a _____________________
nerve cell
21 The most basic type of nervous system is called a:
nerve net
21 Which of the following is found in the simplest type of nervous system? Radial nerves Nerve net Central nerve ring Nerve cord Peripheral nervous system
nerve net
21 The hypothalamus integrates signals from the ___________________ system and the ___________________ system.
nervous; endocrine
21 The principle cell of the nervous system, which receives and transmits electrochemical signals, is the ______.
neuron
19 Nerve cells are called ______.
neurons
21 Cells that transmit impulses in the nervous system are called:
neurons
20 Which of the following is true regarding an open circulatory system? organs are surrounded by hemolymph organs are surrounded by blood blood circulates in vessels hemolymph circulates in vessels
organs are surrounded by hemolymph
22 Animals that actively adjust their internal water balance to maintain ______ are called osmoregulators.
osmotic pressure
20 The living bone cells found within the calcium matrix are called ______.
osteocytes
21 Identify the reproductive organ indicated by the arrow. (side circle)
ovary
21 During ovulation in vertebrate animals, an egg is released into the abdominal cavity, near the opening of one of a pair of tubes called the ______.
oviducts
21 During ovulation in vertebrate animals, an egg is released into the abdominal cavity, near the opening of one of a pair of tubes called the ______________.
oviducts
20 Animal cells need ____________ and they need to get rid of _____________.
oxygen; carbon dioxide
21 Where are the islets of Langerhans located?
pancreas
20 Which part of blood helps maintain blood volume? red blood cells white blood cells platelets plasma
plasma
19 Cnidarian ______ usually reproduce asexually.
polyps
19 Animals with ______ have their body parts arranged regularly around a central axis.
radial symmetry
20 Blood leaving the lungs through the pulmonary vein has a ______ partial pressure of oxygen and a ______ partial pressure of carbon dioxide.
raised; lowered
22 In the mammalian kidney, the blood vessels that twist around the tubules ______ nutrients and water, leaving the residue as ______ in the collecting duct.
reabsorb; urine
20 Which of the following is NOT one of the three main roles of the skeleton? support rigidity protection movement
rigidity
22 The ______ immune response is much faster than the ______ immune response, thanks to memory cells.
secondary; primary
22 The __________ immune response is much faster than the __________ immune response, thanks to memory cells.
secondary; primary
21 The ______ contribute alkaline fluid, fructose and enzymes to semen.
seminal vesicles
21 The _____________ contribute alkaline fluid, fructose and enzymes to semen.
seminal vesicles
21 Which of the below detects stimuli and sends it to the brain? Glial cells Sensory neurons Motor neurons Interneurons
sensory neurons
21 The adrenal medulla secretes which of the following hormones? epinephrine norepinephrine adrenaline ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) All of these hormones.
should be top 3...
19 The integumentary system consists of ______, which protect the body against ______.
skin, hair and nails; injury, infection, and drying out
22 In the image below, what does the letter I represent? (smaller noodly tubes surrounded by large tube)
small intestine
22 The ______ is where most of the digestion and absorption of nutrients takes place.
small intestine
22 The ____________ is where most absorption of nutrients takes place.
small intestine
19 Which of the following animals is not an arthropod? centipede lobster butterfly tick snail
snail
20 Which organism has a 3 chambered heart? Fish Bird Snake Mouse
snake
21 In a resting neuron, there are relatively more ______ outside the neuron and more ______ inside the neuron.
sodium ions; potassium ions
21 During the early stage of gamete production, the male germ cell's first haploid stage is called ______ and the female germ cell's first haploid stage is called ______.
spermatocyte; oocyte
21 During the early stage of gamete production, the male germ cells mature into __________ and the female germ cells mature into ___________.
spermatogonia; oogonia
21 In humans, male germ cells mature to become ____________ and female germ cells mature become _______________.
spermatozoa; oocytes
22 Nerve fibers embedded in the lining of the digestive tract control the ___________ of the digestive system.
spontaneous movement
21 During the initial stage of embryo development, the inner cells of the blastocyte are known as ______.
stem cells
21 During the initial stage of embryo development, the inner cells of the blastocyte are known as __________.
stem cells
22 In comparing the digestive organs of a horse and a dog, the horse has a smaller ______ than a dog.
stomach
22 In comparing the digestive organs of a horse and a dog, the horse has a smaller ___________ than a dog.
stomach
20 Skeletal muscle is a type of ______ muscle.
striated
20 Skeletal muscle is a type of ___________ muscle
striated
20 The pulmonary vein: takes blood from the heart to the lungs takes blood from the lungs to the body organs takes blood from the body organs to the heart. takes blood from the kidneys to the heart. takes blood from the lungs to the heart.
takes blood from the lungs to the heart.
21 Identify the reproductive organ indicated by the arrow. (testicle)
testis
21 Almost all sensory input goes through the ________________________
thalamus
21 The hypothalamus secretes releasing hormones that affect:
the anterior pituitary gland
20 Which skeletal system is responsible for the support of the upright human body?
the axial skeleton
20 Which skeletal system is responsible for the support of the upright human body? the appendicular skeleton the axial skeleton the synovial joint the ball-and-socket joints the hydrostatic skeleton
the axial skeleton
22 The human kidney is divided into two regions known as ______ and ______.
the cortex; the medulla
19 The excretory system includes ______.
the kidneys and bladder
21 In neuronal cells, voltage-gated sodium ion channels open when the ______ is reached.
threshold potential
22 What is the role of the small intestine?
to complete digestion and absorb nutrients
22 What is the main benefit of villus and villi?
to increase surface area for absorption
20 What is the role of red marrow?
to produce blood cells
22 What is the role of chief cells in the stomach?
to secrete pepsinogen, which is converted by HCl into pepsin
22 Which is part of the lymphatic system? Kidneys Tonsils Small intestine Heart
tonsils
22 Which of the following is a component of the lymphatic system? heart kidneys tonsils stomach None of these is correct
tonsils
19 True or false: Insects that undergo incomplete metamorphosis look the same as adults as when they hatch.
true
19 True or false: Reptiles, birds, and mammals are characterized by the presence of an amnion.
true
21 True or false: FSH and LH regulate egg production.
true
21 True or false: Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles in the axon terminals.
true
21 True or false: The inner layer of a blastocyst become the fetus.
true
22 True or false: Lymphocytes destroy pathogens.
true
22 Nitrogen is excreted by mammals and adult amphibians as ______, by birds and reptiles as ______, and by most aquatic animals as ______.
urea; uric acid; ammonia
21 Which of the following describes an estrous cycle? uterus lining is shed monthly; reproduction can occur year round uterus lining is not shed; reproduction occurs only at certain times of the year uterus lining is not shed; reproduction can occur year round uterus lining is shed monthly; reproduction occurs only at certain times of the year
uterus lining is not shed; reproduction occurs only at certain times of the year
21 In mammals, which of the following is the path taken by sperm as they travel from the testes to the outside of the body?
vas deferens to the ejaculatory duct to the urethra
21 In mammals, which of the following is the path taken by sperm as they travel from the testes to the outside of the body? the ejaculatory fluid urethra to the ejaculatory duct to the vas deferens vas deferens to the ejaculatory duct to the urethra vas deferens to the urethra to the ejaculatory duct the urethra
vas deferens to the ejaculatory duct to the urethra
20 Which of the following is not a correct characterization of a vein? veins have thinner walls than arteries veins are not subject to as much pressure as arteries veins carry blood back to the heart veins always carry deoxygenated blood
veins always carry deoxygenated blood
22 Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin? vitamin C vitamin A vitamin E vitamin D vitamin K
vitamin C
22 Which of the following is not an example of an external barrier against pathogens? tears white blood cells skin saliva All of these are correct.
white blood cells
22 Which of the following is not an example of an external barrier of our body against pathogens? tears white blood cells skin saliva all of the above
white blood cells
