BIO1010 Exam 3 Review

(Q14) In humans, which of the following stages occurs next after zygote?

blastocyst

(Q14) Viral sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), like HIV, HPV and herpes,

can often be treated to reduce symptoms and new infections.

(Q12) Removing growth factors from the environment around dividing cells is most likely going to _________

decrease the rate of cell division

(Q12) During the mitotic cell cycle the cytoskeleton does NOT

duplicate the chromosomes, replicating the DNA

(Q14) In humans, where does fertilization normally take place?

in the oviduct

(Q14) Which part of the female reproductive system is where meiosis occurs?

the ovaries

(Q13) Consider the human life cycle. Which of the following is a diploid stage of the life cycle?

zygotes

(Q12) Assuming no crossing over, sister chromatids

All of the other answers are correct

(Q14) In which of the following parts of the human female reproductive system does meiosis occur?

the ovaries

(Q12) By definition, the number of types of chromosomes is n. For a given cell, n=12. How many double helix use of DNA are there during G2 of the mitotic cell cycle?

48

(Q13) Snails are hermaphrodites, reproduce sexually, are diploid, and have 24 chromosomes (n=12). Where do the chromosomes in a snail zygote come from?

12 from a sperm cell, 12 from an egg

(Q13) Where do the chromosomes in a human zygote come from?

23 from a sperm cell, 23 from an egg

(Q12) If you are testing the hypothesis that your clicker stopped working because the batteries wore out, what evidence would support your hypothesis most strongly?

Changing the batteries makes the clicker work again.

(Q12) Sister chromatids are made by _____ during _______

DNA during S phase

(Q13) Sister chromatids are made by ______

DNA synthesis during S phase.

(Q14) Which of the following should NOT be treated with antibiotics to treat the underlying cause of disease?

HIV

(Q13) What is an advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?

It generates more new combinations of alleles than asexual reproduction.

(Q13) What is an advantage of asexual reproduction over sexual reproduction?

It is more effective in all environments, whereas sexual reproduction only works in the water

(Q13) Exactly one copy of each type of chromosomes is in each daughter cell after _____

Meiosis

(Q12) Which of the following happens FIRST during the mitotic cell cycle?

Microtubules emerge from the centrosomes.

(Q12) Sister chromatids are made during _________

S phase of the mitotic and meiotic cell cycles

(Q13) Sister chromatids are made during _______

S phase of the mitotic and meiotic cell cycles

(Q12) Which of the following occurs during BOTH cell division in prokaryotes and the mitotic cell cycle of eukaryotes?

The DNA duplicates

(Q14) Which of the following describes a cell with n = 9?

The cell has 9 tetrads on the metaphase plate during metaphase I

(Q12) Which of the following situations is most likely if a eukaryotic cell is stuck at the M checkpoint?

The cell is in mitosis with all but two of the chromosomes aligned on the metaphase plate.

(Q12) Of the events below, which would happen NEXT in the mitotic cell cycle after the DNA was replicated?

The mitotic spindle would start to form

(Q12) Of the events below, which would happen NEXT in the mitotic cell cycle after the DNA was replicated?

The mitotic spindle would start to form.

(Q12) imagine you work in a lab and prepare two Petri dishes with plenty of nutrients and exactly the same density of cultured skin cells. The density starts at 100 cells per dish. The cells are low enough density that they are not touching each other. The professor you work with asked you to test substance Q to see if it is a growth factor. Which experience and result would most strongly support the hypothesis that substance Q is a growth factor?

You add Q to one dish; when you count later the dish with Q has 300 cells and the dish without Q has 100 cells

(Q13) Which of the following organisms is using asexual reproduction?

a budding hydra

(Q12) You would find sister chromatids _________

after DNA replication and before metaphase

(Q12) A cell will pass the M checkpoint when

all of the chromosomes are aligned on the metaphase plate.

(Q12) The sister chromatids have just separated and are now the daughter chromosomes moving to opposite poles of a cell in mitosis. This cell is in ________

anaphase.

(Q13) Homologous chromosomes ________

are similar, but not exactly the same because one came from mom and the other from dad.

(Q13) Homologous chromosomes are two chromosomes of the same type. Homologous chromosomes

are similar, but not exactly the same because one came from mom and the other from dad.

(Q13) when in the cell cycle are there meiotic cell divisions?

as the cells go from being haploid to being diploid

(Q12) Which of the following is LEAST likely to lead to cancer?

avoiding smoking

(Q12) Which of the following lists includes things that happen to the cytoskeleton during the mitotic cell cycle in the correct order?

centrosomes duplicate, mitotic spindles form, microtubules pull sister chromatids apart, cytokinesis

(Q12) If you are testing the hypothesis that a flashlight doesn't work because the bulb is burned out, what evidence would support your hypothesis most strongly?

changing the bulb makes the flashlight work again

(Q12) for this question assume that the cells do not have density-dependent inhibition. If a cell had a mutation that caused a growth factor receptor to be stuck in the shape and only had when growth factors were bound, and you would expect cells with this mutation to __________

divide more frequently than usual

(Q12) The cytoskeleton plays a big role in the mitotic cell cycle. Actin microfilaments are used in the mitotic cell cycle for

dividing the cell in two during cytokinesis.

(Q12) You would find sister chromatids ___________

during the G2 phase of the cell cycle.

(Q14) What are the correct names, in order for the stages of mammalian development?

egg, zygote, blastocyst, embryo, fetus, infant

(Q13) Consider the human life cycle. Which of the following type of cell is haploid?

eggs

(Q14) A human blastocyst normally implants in the ______ and becomes a human embryo

endometrium of the uterus

(Q14) What is the function of the placenta?

exchanging gasses, nutrients and waste between the mother and fetus

(Q13) Which happens next after gametes are made in the human life cycle?

fertilization

(Q13) Which of the following refers to a type of sexual reproduction?

fertilization of an egg

(Q14) In humans, which of the following stages occurs next after embryo?

fetus

(Q14) Each tetrad of duplicated homologous chromosomes....

forms during prophase I of meiosis.

(Q14) You start with one cell where the number of types of chromosomes (n) is equal to fourteen, and watch it undergo meiosis. At the end of telophase II and cytokinesis II you would see.....

four cells, each with fourteen chromosomes.

(Q13) The purpose of the meiotic cell cycle is to _________

generate haploid gametes from diploid stem cells.

(Q13) Sexual reproduction is more advantageous than asexual reproduction when ________

genetic diversity is important for the survival of some of the organisms.

(Q14) Which of the following should NOT be treated with antibiotics to treat the underlying cause of disease?

genital herpes

(Q12) Assuming there are no mutations, sister chromatids

have identical DNA sequences to each other.

(Q13) Homologous chromosomes DO NOT _____

have the same alleles

(Q12) Sister chromatids

have the same genes.

(Q12) Sister chromatids_____

have the same lengths.

(Q12) Centromeres

hold sister chromatids together through metaphase

(Q12) Plant cells and animal cells both undergo mitosis and cytokinesis. New cell wall material is deposited from vesicles

in plant cells during cytokinesis.

(Q14) In a human, the prostate

is a valve that lets only urine or only semen into the urethra.

(Q14) You look at a cell and see 14 tetrads on the metaphase plate. From this information you would know that ______

it is a non-human cell in metaphase I.

(Q14) Of the following, which type of contraception also gives some protection against sexually transmitted diseases?

latex condoms

(Q13) Which happens next after fertilization in the human life cycle?

meiosis of diploid cells

(Q14) You are studying cells where the number of types of chromosomes (n) is equal to nine. You look down the microscope and see one cell with eighteen duplicated chromosomes lined up on the metaphase plate. This cell is in _____

metaphase of mitosis.

(Q12) During anaphase, the chromosomes _______

move to opposite poles of the cell

(Q12) To lower your risk of dying of cancer you should ________

not smoke

(Q13) Assume no mutations for this question. You are studying a multicellular animal. All of the cells that are NOT dividing have ________

pairs of homologous chromosomes with one from the mom and one from the dad.

(Q12) When does the nuclear envelope dissolve?

prophase/prometaphase

(Q12) The cytoskeleton plays a big role in the mitotic cell cycle. Microtubules are used in the mitotic cell cycle for _________

pulling the sister chromatids apart.

(Q12) Which of the following is LEAST likely to directly involve the cytoskeleton?

repairing mutations when the DNA is replicated incorrectly

(Q12) Binary fission is how prokaryotes _________

reproduce

(Q12) Which of the following would be most likely to lead to cancer?

smoking

(Q14) During metaphase I of meiosis....

tetrads are aligned together in the middle of the cell.

(Q13) During the human life cycle?

the adults are diploid and the gametes are haploid

(Q12) The purpose of ______________ is making more cells to repair wounds and replace dead cells, for asexual reproduce lion of single- celled eukaryotes, and for growth during development

the mitotic cell cycle

(Q12) You are working with environmental contaminants, and have found chemical A in the water supply. You are concerned it is a growth factor, so you run experiments to test this hypothesis. You have two sets of identical flasks of cells, set 1 and set 2. You add chemical A to set 1, but do not add chemical A to set 2. You wait a three days and measure the number of cells again. The data that is most convincing that chemical A is a growth factor would be ___________

the number of cells in set 1 is larger than the number in set 2 at the end of the experiment.

(Q14) In a human, the egg travels from...

the ovary through the oviduct to the uterus through the cervix and vagina.

(Q14) In which part of the human male reproductive system does meiosis occur?

the seminiferous tubules

(Q14) Which of the following prevents a sperm from the wrong species from fertilizing an egg?

the sperm receptors on the egg

(Q12) Which of the following has to occur during mitosis before anaphase?

the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores

(Q14) Of the following choices, in humans the next location a sperm cell would be found in after being in the vas deferens would be ______

the urethra.

(Q12) The purpose of mitosis is

to get exactly one copy of each chromosome into each daughter cell

(Q13) When do cells divide by going through the meiotic cell cycle?

to make sperm

(Q12) When do cells divide by going through the mitotic cell cycle?

to replace dead cells

(Q13) When do cells divide by going through the mitotic cell cycle?

to replace dead cells

(Q12) Binary fission results in _________

two daughter cells, each with one copy of the circular chromosome

(Q12) During telophase of mitosis, the chromosomes _________

uncoil from their condensed state.