Physics Ch 18

dipole

An uneven distribution of the positive and negative charges within a polar molecule produces a ________________

surface, surfaces

Any excess charge resides entirely on the ___________or _________ of a conductor

insulator

Any material that hold electrons securely within their atomic orbits is considered an _________________

polarizing

Both positive and negative objects attract a neutral object by ______________its molecules

Q, q

Both the magnitude and direction of the Coulomb force field depend on _______ and the test charge _______.

Circumference of a circle with radius r or diameter d

C = 2πr =πd is the formula to determine the __________________

Coulomb charge, q

C = is the abbreviation for _____________ , containing units and is ( A*s) used for determining ______________

capacitance; Coulomb

C, is a common abbreviation used for _________________ or _________________.

1. electric charge 2. there are only two types of charge, positive and negative 3. The force between charges decreases with distance

Characteristics of static electricity (3)

-1.00 C

6.25 x 10e18 electrons have a combined charge of _________ (*hint* electrons are negatively charged)

dipole moment

A _______________ is defined as the magnitude of a dipole

Field

A _____________________ is a way of conceptualizing and mapping the force that surrounds any object and acts on another object at a distance without any apparent physical connection

Faraday cage

A ____________________acts like a shield around an object, preventing electrical charge from penetrating inside

point charge

A charged particle, designated Q, generating an electric field is designated a ____________________

free

A conductor allows ____________ charges to move about within it.

grounded

A conductor connected to the Earth, allowing charge to freely flow to and from Earth's unlimited reservoir, considered ______________

ampere (current unit); area

A is a common symbol used as a meaning for _____________ (*HINT: two meanings*)

ampere current, I

A is the abbreviation for _______________ used in ______________

N/C (Newton/Coulomb) (kg * m/s^2)/(A/s)

Electric field E, has units of:

Q, r

Electric field is seen to depend only on the charge_________, and the distance __________. It is completely independent of the test charge q. (* HINT: the abbreviation*)

field lines

Electric field strength is exactly proportional to the number of ___________________per unit area

Capacitancne

F = C/V (farad) is the SI derived unit of

farad (unit of capacitance, a coulomb per volt); force; magnitude of a force

F, is a common abbreviation used to represent _________________, ___________________, and _______________

F = k(q1q2)/r^2 F = magnitude of force F between two point charges, q1 and q2, separated by a distance r. k, a constant, is equal to 8.988x10e9 (N*m^2)/C^2

Numeric formula for Coulomb's law

power; pressure;

P, is the abbreviation for _____________ or ________________.

potential energy

PE is the abbreviation for _________________

heat; positive charge/negative charge

Q, is a common abbreviation used for ______________ and/or ____________________.

resistance

R, is the abbreviation for ____________

resistor and capacitor circuit

RC is the abbreviation for _____________

N/C

SI unit for Electric field _______

E = k(|Q| /r^2)

The magnitude of the electric field E created by a point charge Q . r is the distance from Q. E is a vector and fields due to multiple charges add like vectors (*HINT: formula*)

Laser printer

This device uses the xerographic process to make high-quality images on paper, employing a laser to produce an image on a photo-conducting drum.

True

True/False Neutral objects can be attracted to any charged object?

Electrostatic force

_____________ is defined as the existence of two types of charge, where its observed that like charges repel, unlike charges attract, force decreases with distance.

electrical storms

______________ _____________result when the electrical field of Earth's surface in certain locations become more strongly charged, due to changes in the insulating effect of the air.

electrostatic equilibrium

________________ is observed when field charges respond due to excess charge placed on a conductor or the conductor is put into a static electric field.

Van de Graaff generators

_____________________ are devices used to demonstrate high voltage due to static electricity.

Electric field lines

______________________ are drawn around charged objects used to visualize field strength and direction.

superconductors

__________________________ allow the movement of charge without any loss of energy

electrostatic repulsion

_____________________________ is the phenomenon of two objects with like charges repelling each other

Conductor

_____________________allow for free charges to move about within it.

xenography

a dry copying process based on electrostatics

Van de Graaff generator

a machine that produces a large amount of excess charge, and is used for experiments with high voltage

polar

a molecule with an asymmetrical distribution of positive and negative charge is defined as a ______________ molecule

test charge

a particle (designated, q) with either a positive or negative charge set down within an electric field generated by a point charge is defined as a ______________________

point charge

a particle having a charge (Q) acting on a test charge q is defined as a ________________

proton

a particle in the nucleus of an atom and carrying a positive charge equal in magnitude and opposite in sign to the amount of charge carried by an electron

vector

a quantity with both magnitude and direction

polarized

a state in which the positive and negative charges within an object have collected in separate locations

insulators

a substance that does not allow charges to move through them is defined as a __________________________

acceleration

a, is the abbreviation for _____________

g

acceleration due to gravity

Faraday cage

acts like a shield around an object, preventing electric charge from penetrating inside.

(atomic mass unit) 1.6605 x 10e-27 kg

amu is the abbreviation for

free charge

an electrical charge either (positive or negative) which can move about separately from its base molecule is defined as ________________.

free electron

an electron that is free to move away from its atomic orbit

surface

any excess charge will collect along the _____________ of the conductor

atmosphere

atm is the abbreviation for _______________

electromagnetic force

atomic and molecular interactions, such as the forces of friction, cohesion, and adhesion, are now known to be manifestations of

speed of light

c, is the abbreviation symbol for _____________

VB−VA

change in potential

sharp, points

conductors with __________corners or _____________ will collect more charge at those points

F; N/C

electric field E * small positive test charge q: Eq ____________, and has units of __________

the ration of the Coulomb force to the test charge E-electric field F-Coulomb force (electrostatic force) q- test charge E=F/q

electric field formula , E= F/q, is defined as the ________________ (*Hint: identify all parts, E, F, q)

electromotive force

emf, is the abbreviation for ____________________

Van de Graaff generators, photocopiers, laser printers, ink-jet printers, and electrostatic air filters

equipment used for practical applications of electrostatics (*HINT: devices, machines - #5*)

Induced negative charge

ex. using a ground connection: a positively charged rod is brought near a neutral metal sphere, polarizing it. the sphere is grounded, allowing electrons to be attracted from the earth's supply. The ground connection is broken. The positive rod is removed, leaving the sphere with an induced ___________________ charge (negative/positive)

water molecules are polarized, giving them slightly positive and slightly negative sides. Therefore, water is susceptible to a charged rod's attraction. As the water flows downward, due to the force of gravity, the charged conductor exerts a net attraction to the opposite charges in the stream of water, pulling it closer.

explain the attraction of water to a charged rod

coulomb force constant

k, is the abbreviation for ____________ with a numerical value of 8.99×10e9 N⋅m^2/C^2

the mass of an electron, e

m(subscript e)

mass

m, is the abbreviation for _______________

Δm= E /c^2

mass, Δm, can be created from energy in the amount E/c^2, c = speed of light constant.

vector sum

mathematical combination of two or more vectors, including their magnitudes, directions and positions

ε0

permittivity of free space abbreviation

induction

process by which an electrically charged object brought near a neutral object creates a charge in that object

conductors

pure water and dry table salt are examples of (conductors/insulators)

charge of a proton

q(subscript-p) is an abbreviation for

electron charge; test charge

q, is an abbreviation/symbol for _____________

radian Angle

rad is the abbreviation for ________________ and represents an ___________________

rad

radian

r

radius of a curvature; radius of a nucleus; resistivity

electrical storms

results when the electrical field of Earth's surfaces in certain locations becomes more strongly charged, due to changes in the insulating effect of the air.

root mean square

rms, is the abbreviation for ________________

second, a Time abbreviation

s, is the abbreviation for

polarization

slight shifting of positive and negative charges to opposite sides of an atom or molecule

law of conservation of charge

states whenever a charge is created, an equal amount of charge with the opposite sign is created simultaneously

screening

the dilution or blocking of an electrostatic force on a charged object by the presence of other charges nearby

Coulomb force

unlike gravitational force, _______ can cancel, since it can either be attractive or repulsive

coulomb force

unlike gravitational force, it can cancel, since it can be either attractive or repulsive

y

vertical axis

w

weight

Induction

when a charge is created in a nearby object without direct contact is an example of ______________________

W

work; watt

plus or minus

± is the symbol for _________

permeability of free space 8.85418782 × 10-12 m-3 kg-1 s4 A2

µ0 abbreviation for_________________--

_change in gravitational potential energy

ΔPEg is the symbol for ______________

potential difference

ΔV is the symbol for ________________

magnetic flux

Φ is the symbol for __________

ohm Resistance, R

Ω = is the abbreviation for ___________ with units (V/A), and is used when determining ______________.

ohm

Ω is the symbol for __________

emf (voltage) or Hall electromotive force

ε, is a common symbol representing ________________________ or ______________________

permittivity of free space

ε0 is the symbol for ________________

wavelength

λ is the symbol used for _______________

density

ρ is the abbreviation for ______________-

"proportional to"

∝ is the symbol for

1.60 x 10e-19

∣ qe ∣ , the magnitued of basic charge of an electron (numerical value)

perpendicular to

⊥ is the symbol for

Ground wire

instrument that supplies a conducting path to the ground

Coulomb force

is extraordinarily strong compared with the gravitational force (*HINT: type of force.*)

energy stored in a capacitor

Ecap, is the abbreviation for _______________

Coulomb's law

Mathematical formula for electrostatic force (name)

Force (in Newtons)

N , is the abbreviation for ________________-

F, force (newton)

N is the abbreviation for _______________ with the units kg*m/s^2; and is used to represent the _________________

avogadro's number

N(subscript-A) is the abbreviation representing _______________

Newton-meter

N*m is an abbreviation for ____________________, a work-energy unit.

N*m

Newton time meter (SI unit of torque)

F = k(qQ)/r^2, for a point charge Q, acting on a test charge q, at a distance r

.Using Coulomb's law, F=k(q1q2)/r^2, its magnitude is given by the equation

parallel to

// is the symbol for _______________

6.25x10e18 The number of protons needed to make a charge of +1.00 C

1.00 C x (1 proton/1.60 x 10e-19 C) =

dipole

two centers of equal and opposite charges are defined as a ______________

Field

A map of the amount and direction of a force acting on other objects, extending out into space is defined as a ____________________

electron

A particle orbiting the nucleus of an atom and carrying the smallest unit of negative charge

Area of a sphere with radius r

A=4πr^2 is the formula for _________________

Area of a circle with radius r or diameter d

A=πr^2 =πd^2/4 is the formula for ______________________.

alternating current

AC is the abbreviation for _______________

F = k(q1q2)/r^2

Coulomb's law, where q1 and q1 are two point charges separated by a distance r, and k≈ 8.99 x 10e9 N*m /C^2, is the formula for determining force (*HINT: equation)

total capacitance in parallel

Cp is the abbreviation representing ____________________

total capacitance in series

Cs, is the abbreviation for ____________________

direct current

DC, is the abbreviation for _____________

conductor

Definition of a _______________________ is any substance that has free electrons and allows charge to move relatively freely through it

Ink-jet printer.

Device commonly used to print computer-generated text and graphics, also employs electrostatics

Faraday Cage

Device using a magnetic shield which prevents electric charge from penetrating its surface

Electric field E, where F is the Coulomb or electrostatic force on a small positive test charge q.

E = F/q formula parts are identified as: E __________ F___________ q __________

Coulomb

E = F/q, F ==>> F = Eq; F is the ____________ force or electrostatic force exerted on a small positive test charge q.

F=qE, E= F/q q=F/E F=k(qQ)/r^2 E = k(qQ)/qr^2 q cancel; E = k(Q)/r&2

E = F/q, F= k(qQ)/r^2 manipulate to determine the magnitude of the electric field, E for a point charge

electric field strength

E, is a common abbreviation for ____________________

cross

Field lines can never _______________

Positive; negative

Field lines must begin on ____________ and terminate on _____________, or at infinity in the hypothetical case of the charge.

positive, negative

Field lines must begin on _____________charges and terminate on _____________charges

net force

Fnet is an abbreviation for ______________

Fg = G (mM)/r^2

Formula for Newton's law of gravitation

Gravitational constant

G is the abbreviation for _________________ (*HINT: 6.67 x 10e-11 N*m^2/kg^2 numerical value*)

cancel

Gravitational force on a large scale dominate interactions between large objects because it is always attractive, while Coulomb forces tend to _________

electric current; moment of inertia (rotational inertia)

I, is the abbreviation used for _________________

point charges; distance, r; k ≈ 8.99 x 10e9 N*m / C^2

In Coulomb's law, q1 and q2 are _________ __________ , separated by a __________ ___, and _________________

zero

Inside a conductor, the electric field is_____

electroscope

Instrument in physics demonstrations that is made with foil leaves hung from a conducting metal stem

joule

J, is an abbreviation for _______________

Joule E, energy

J, is the abbreviation for ______________ with units kg*m^2/s^2.

perpendicular

Just outside a conductor, the electric field lines are __________________ to its surface, ending or beginning on charges on the surface (*Hint: direction in relation to...*)

kinetic energy

KE is the abbreviation for ____________________

mechanical energy

KE+PE abbreviations represent a value for ____________________

total charge is constant in any process. No charge is actually created or destroyed when charges are separated. Rather, existing charges are moved about.

Law of conservation of charge says ...

temperature; tesla

T- is the abbreviation for ___________ or ____________

True

T/F The electrostatic force between two subatomic particles is far greater than the gravitational force between the same two particles

True. The field is unique at any point. If they crossed, the field would have two directions at that location (an impossibility if the field is unique)

T/F Field lines can never cross... If true or false, explain why.

tesla Magnetic field, B

T= is the abbreviation for ________________ with units N/(A*s), and is used to determine _______________________

coulomb (C)

The SI unit of charge is the

strength

The _____________ of the field is proportional to the closeness of the field lines

electrostatic force field

The _______________ __________ _________ surrounding a charged object extends out into space in all directions

electrostatic force

The amount and direction of attraction or repulsion between two charged objects is defined as _____________________.

static electricity

The buildup of electric charge on the surface of an object is characterized as ________________

τ

The common abbreviation used for : characteristic time constant for a resistance and inductance (RL) or resistance and capacitance (RC) circuit; characteristic time for a resistor and capacitor (RC) circuit; torque is...

tangent

The direction of the electric field is ___________ to the field line at any point in space

away, toward

The electric field lines for a positive test charge q+ point _____________from a positive charge and ______________a negative charge

Decreases

The force between charges ____________ (increases/decreases) with distance

distance

The force between charges decreases with _________

Protons

The nucleus of an atom is positive due to the presence of positively charged____________ (protons/neutrons/electrons)

electrostatic repulsion

The phenomenon observed when two objects with like charges repell each other is defined as ________________________.

Polarization

The separation of charges in an object that remains neutral is defined as ___________________

polarization

The slight shifting of positive and negative charges to opposite sides of an atom is called___________________

proportional; perpendicular

The strength of the field is _______________ to the number of lines per unit area _______________ to the lines

charge, electron (or proton)

The symbol q is commonly used for_________, and the subscript e, indicates the charge of a single________

negative positively positive and negative induced polarization (induction)

Two uncharged or neutral metal spheres are in contact with each other but insulated from the rest of the world. A positively charged glass rod is brought near the sphere on the left, attracting _____________charge and leaving the other sphere _____________charged. The spheres are separated before the rod is removed, thus separating ___________ and _____________ charge. the spheres retain net charges after the inducing rod is removed---without ever having been touched by a charged object. This is an example of________________-

Volume of a sphere with radius r

V =(4/3)/ (πr^3 ) is the formula for _________________

Volt (volt)

V is the abbreviation for ____________, with SI units J/C. Also used to describe electrical potential.

electric potential; volt

V, is the abbreviation for ________________

Power/work J/s (Joule/s)

W, is the abbreviation for _____________ with the SI units__________

positively, negative

When glass is rubbed with silk, the glass becomes ____________ (positively/negatively) charged and the silk becomes____________(positively/negatively) charged.

electrostatic force

__________ ___________ exerted by a point charge on a test charge q at a distance depends on the charge of both charges ( q1 and q2), as well as the distance r between the two (*HINT: type of force)

Electrostatic repulsion

___________ in the leaves of the charged electroscope separates them (the leaves)

Coulomb's law

gives the magnitude of the force between point charges. (*HINT: Formula*)

change in vertical position; planks constant; height of an object; maximum height of an object

h, is a common abbreviation used for______________ (*HINT: at least four values/uses *)

static equilibrium

the electrical forces around a conductor will cause free charges to move around inside the conductor until _____________ ____________ is reached.

Electrostatics

the study of electric fields in static equilibrium is the definition of ____________________

electrostatics

the study of electric forces that are static or slow-moving is defined as _______________