BIO41: Chapter 8
PCR
DNA primers and DNA polymerase are essential for what process?
RNA template
What does reverse transcriptase use in order to synthesize a DNA molecule?
Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates
What provides the energy for DNA polymerization in a PCR reaction?
it can be copied, transcribed, and translated into a desired protein
Why would a recombinant DNA molecule be inserted into a host cell?
recombinant DNA technology
genetic engineering aka
they stimulate the body's immune system to respond to and remember these foreign materials
how do antigens work?
with radioactive isotope or dyes
how do some probes "label" DNA?
desired protein recipe is inserted into bacteria or yeast cells and proteins are synthesized in vast quantities
how is desired protein synthesized?
insert a desirable gene, remove an undesirable gene, or replace a defective gene with a functioning gene
in general, how might recombinant DNA technology be used to prevent a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in a single gene?
genetic engineering
recombinant DNA technology aka
organisms, vectors, restriction enzymes, ligase, DNA synthesizers, DNA sequencers, reverse transcriptase, and probes
what are some tools needed for recombinant DNA
plasmids and viruses
what are some type of vectors used when developing a recombinant DNA?
vaccines that expose you to the pathogen's antigens
what are subunit vaccines?
eliminate undesirable phenotypes, create organisms that produce useful products, and combine beneficial genes
what are the goals of recombinant DNA?
weakened bacteria, viruses, and toxins
what are type of antigens are used as vaccines?
a type of recombinant DNA therapy
what are vaccines?
antigens
what are weakened bacteria, viruses, and toxins?
antigens
what do vaccines contain?
the goals of recombinant DNA
what does eliminating undesirable phenotypes, creating organisms that produce useful products, and combining beneficial genes represent?
complementary DNA
what does reverse transcriptase synthesize?
Hepatitis B
what is a successful example of a subunit vaccine?
the use of microorganisms to make practical products
what is biotechnology?
DNA primers and DNA polymerase
what is essential in PCR?
a type of recombinant DNA therapy
what is gene therapy?
screens for genetic disorders
what is genetic screening used for?
to screen for mutant genes
what is genetic screening used for?
a type of recombinant DNA therapy
what is genetic screening?
they need to be cut by the same restriction enzyme
what is necessary in order for two sticky ends to go together like a puzzle?
entire DNA or specific genes
what is polymerase chain reaction capable of copying?
a type of recombinant DNA therapy
what is protein synthesis?
synthesized DNA
what is recombinant DNA?
vectors
what is responsible for carrying the DNA somewhere new when developing a recombinant DNA?
restriction enzymes
what is responsible for cutting DNA at a specific sequence?
ligase
what is responsible for gluing DNA back together?
restriction enzymes
what is responsible for protecting a bacterial cell from invading phages?
diagnostics
what is term describes finding gene sequences unique to certain pathogens?
it glues DNA back together
what is the function of ligase?
they are used as vectors
what is the function of plasmids and viruses when developing a recombinant DNA?
to cut DNA
what is the function of restriction enzymes?
they carry the DNA somewhere new
what is the function of vectors when developing a recombinant DNA?
find gene sequences unique to certain pathogens
what is the purpose of diagnostics?
defective genes are replaced with normal copies
what is the purpose of gene therapy?
to replicate DNA in a test tube
what is the purpose of polymerase chain reaction?
animal cells, tissues, or organs introduced into the human bodies
what is xenotransplants?
E coli
what organism is well know, well understood and commonly used when developing a recombinant DNA?
replication, transcription, transformation, transduction, and conjugation
what processes are involved in recombinant DNA?
antigens
what stimulates the body's immune system to respond to and remember foreign materials?
probes
what structure uses radioactive isotopes or dyes to label DNA?
PCR and probes
what techniques are used during diagnostics?
recombinant DNA and genetic screening
what technologies are probes used for?
polymerase chain reaction
what term describes DNA replication in a test tube?
genetic screening
what term describes screening for genetic disorders?
palindromes
what term describes sequences that read the same forwards and backwards?
biotechnology
what term describes the use of microorganisms to make practical products?
gene therapy
what therapy is used to replace defective genes with normal copies?
genetic screening
what therapy is used to screen for mutant genes?
probes
what tool is used for genetic screening?
recombinant DNA
what type of DNA does not exist naturally?
subunit vaccines
what type of vaccine exposes you to the pathogen's antigens?
in vaccines
where are antigens found?
at a very specific sequence
where do restriction enzymes cut on a DNA?
because it is well known, well understood
why is E coli so common and valuable organism used when developing a recombinant DNA?
so that the two sticky ends fit together like a puzzle
why is it necessary to cut DNA with the same restriction enzyme?
polymerase chain reaction
PCR aka
reverse transcriptase
Synthesis of cDNA requires the use of
to protect the cell from invading phages
The natural role of restriction enzymes in bacteria is
DNA polymerase
The process known as PCR involves the use of
reverse transcriptase
an RNA template is used to synthesize a DNA molecule during what process?
complementary DNA
cDNA aka
DNA synthesizers and DNA sequencers
what DNA machines are available?
xenotransplants
what are animal cells, tissues, or organs that are introduced into the human body?
protein synthesis, genetic screening, gene therapy, genetically modified organisms, vaccines, diagnositics
what are common recombinant DNA therapies?
providing the energy for DNA polymerization in a PCR reaction
what are deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates responsible for?
sequences the read the same forwards and backwards
what are palindromes?
recombinant DNA techniques
what are placing recombinant DNA in bacteria, polymerase chain reaction, and electrophoresis?
to find a specific complimentary sequence
what are probes used for?
small piece of DNA (or RNA)
what are probes?
processes involved in recombinant DNA
what are replication, transcription, transformation, transduction, and conjugation?
probes
what are small pieces of DNA used to find a specific complimentary sequence?
putting recombinant DNA in bacteria, polymerase chain reaction, and electrophoresis
what are some recombinant DNA techniques used?
