BIOC 385 FINAL EXAM 191-250

The correct mRNA secondary structure of transcriptional termination is __________ stem-loop structure. 2-3 3-4 1-3 2-4

3-4

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes recognize __________ as a start codon. AUG UAC GUA CAU

AUG

In yeast, the number of tRNA genes is __________ the number of __________. equivalent to; amino acids less than; amino acids equivalent to; mRNAs greater than; codons

less than; amino acids

Which is the correct order of mRNA degradation? (1) poly(A) tail removal; (2) 7-methylguanosine cap removal; (3) RNA hydrolysis (1) 7-methylguanosine cap removal; (2) RNA hydrolysis; (3) poly(A) tail removal (1) 7-methylguanosine cap removal; (2) poly(A) tail removal; (3) RNA hydrolysis (1) RNA hydrolysis; (2) Poly(A) tail removal; (3) 7-methylguanosine cap removal

(1) poly(A) tail removal; (2) 7-methylguanosine cap removal; (3) RNA hydrolysis

Which sequence is MOST likely to be prenylated in the ER? (The ... represents additional amino acids N-terminal to those shown.) ...Cys-Leu-Leu-Phe-Ala-Lys ...Leu-Phe-Leu-Cys-Ile-Phe ...Phe-Ile-Leu-Ser-Ile-Leu ...Cys-Leu-Cys-Leu-Lys-Phe

...Leu-Phe-Leu-Cys-Ile-Phe

Noncanonical base pairings of A and I would contain __________ hydrogen bonds. The base pairing of C and I would contain __________ hydrogen bonds. 1; 3 1; 2 2; 2 2; 1

2; 2

In E. coli, __________ RNA-DNA base pairs are maintained and about __________ base pairs of single-stranded DNA are maintained in the transcription bubble. 20; 80 8; 17 17; 20 200; 1000

8; 17

A full catalytic cycle of an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase generates __________ as a product. ATP ADP H2O AMP

AMP

Place the following steps in the initiation phase in a prokaryote in their proper order.A. mRNA binds to the complex.B. GTP is hydrolyzed.C. IF1, IF2, and IF3 bind the 30S subunit. C; B; A C; A; B A; B; C B; C; A

C; A; B

Which sequence is MOST likely to be modified with the fatty acid myristoylate in the ER? (The ... represents additional amino acids N-terminal to those shown.) Cys-Leu-Ala-Ile-Ser-Phe... Leu-Gly-Phe-Ala-Ser-Phe... Gly-Leu-Phe-Ala-Ile-Ser... Phe-Leu-Cys-Gly-Leu-Ile...

Gly-Leu-Phe-Ala-Ile-Ser...

An experimental prep is able to separate the following membrane fractions: nuclear membrane, Golgi apparatus membrane, transport vesicle membrane, and mitochondrial membrane. The membrane fractions can then be analyzed via Western blotting for the presence of specific proteins. Which fraction would indicate the presence of t-SNAREs? nuclear membrane Golgi apparatus membrane transport vesicle membrane mitochondrial membrane

Gogli apparatues membrane

What function do HAT and HDAC perform in the chromatin-modifying process? Both HAT and HDAC activate the gene. Both HAT and HDAC repress the gene. HAT represses the gene and HDAC activates the gene. HAT activates the gene and HDAC represses the gene.

HAT activates the gene and HDAC represses the gene

When DNA is damaged, what protein is activated? LexA repressor RecA SOS operon lac operon

RecA

Which of the following is NOT a component that is released from the ribosome on translation termination? RF2 nascent polypeptide tRNA Met-tRNAfMet

Met-tRNA fMet

Which enzyme is important in the processing of tRNA and mRNA from prokaryotes? RNaseP snRNA reverse transcriptase ribozyme

RNaseP

Which of the following best describes how trans- and cis-acting factors operate? Cis-acting factors can bind to specific DNA sequences whereas trans-acting sites are DNA sequences. Trans-acting factors can bind to specific DNA sequences whereas cis-acting sites are DNA sequences. Trans- and cis-acting factors can both bind to specific DNA sequences. Trans- and cis-acting factors can both only bind to DNA elements to which they are physically linked.

Trans-acting factors can bind to specific DNA sequences whereas cis-acting sites are DNA sequences.

Which of the following mRNA codons would NOT be recognized by a tRNA that is charged with an amino acid? CAA GUU CUC UAA

UAA

In a leucine zipper, the leucine resides are found every seventh amino residue. This forces the supersecondary structure to be a(n) -helix. -sheet. coiled-coil. hairpin turn.

coiled-coil

A helix-turn-helix motif can best be described as a(n) __________ followed by a(n) __________. -helix; -helix -helix; -helix -helix; -helix -helix; -helix

a-helix; a-helix

Eukaryotic RNA polymerase II facilitates the removal of exons. addition of 7-methylguanylate cap. addition of a poly(A) tail. translation of the RNA transcript.

addition of 7-methylguanylate cap

The C-terminal domain (CTD) of the eukaryotic RNA polymerase II is involved in the transcriptional process of addition of a poly(A) tail. removal of exons. directing RNA to the cytoplasm. product phosphorylation.

addition of a poly(A) tail

Which component of the Nirenberg-Leder experiment, that assigned triplet codons to specific amino acids, was radioactively labeled? ribosome aminoacyl-tRNA tRNA mRNA

aminoacyl-tRNA

tRNA must be __________ before binding to the ribosome to allow for translation to occur. charged with a codon charged with an anticodon charged with an amino acid bound by ATP

charged with an amino acid

Which antibiotic functions by inhibiting DNA gyrase? vancomycin coumermycin aminoglycosides clindamycin

coumermycin

In the ER, prenylation can occur. Prenylation is the attachment of an isoprenoid group to a __________ residue via a(n) __________. lysine; amide cysteine; thioester threonine; ester serine; ester

cysteine; thioester

iPS cells can be defined as __________ cells. differentiated dedifferentiated embryonic stem somatic stem

dedifferentiated

The most significant influence on why mRNA is processed differently in prokaryotes than eukaryotes is the fact that eukaryotes separate transcription and translation with a nucleus. prokaryotes are often polycistronic. eukaryotes are multicellular organisms. prokaryotes do not add a poly(A) tail.

eukaryotes separate trasncription and translation with a nucleus

Bicoid, Hunchback, Giant, and Kruppel are all transcription factor proteins involved in __________ pattern. even-skipped expression odd-skipped expression even-skipped transcription odd-skipped transcription Question 248

even-skipped expression

The proteins encoded by GAL1, GAL2, GAL7, and GAL10 are all needed for converting __________ to glucose-6-phosphate. glucose fructose galactose galactose

galactose

Gene expression can be controlled by the modification of histones by all of the following EXCEPT phosphorylation. methylation. acetylation. glycosylation.

glycosylation

Enzyme-mediated protein modification in eukaryotic cells is a means of regulating the activity of the protein. Which of the following is UNLIKELY to result from such a modification? phosphorylation methylation glycosylation hydration

hydration

When the Trp repressor is bound to the trp operon, it results in the __________ by RNA polymerase. inhibition of transcriptional initiation disruption of transcriptional elongation initiation enhancement of transcriptional elongation

inhibition of transcriptional initiation

Trans activity refers to the __________ for a ribozyme. cleavage of another identical RNA molecule intermolecular cleavage of substrate intramolecular cleavage conserved activity of all enzymes

intermolecular cleavage of substrate

Different tRNAs for the same amino acid that bind alternate codons are known as __________ tRNAs. cognate isoacceptor variable class I and class II

isoacceptor

What are the two key protein complexes recruited to the preinitiation complex by activator proteins? mediator complex and DNA polymerase mediator complex and TFIID TFIID and RNA polymerase TFIID and DNA polymerase

mediator complex and TFIID

A common RNA base modification is methylation. amination. carboxylation. hydroxylation.

methylation

Consider an in vitro experiment in which all components needed for protein synthesis are present. If tRNAs charged with radioactively labeled amino acids are added, over time the radioactivity would be located in which of the following components? mRNA aminoacyl tRNA synthetase nascent protein codons

nascent proteins

A protein is targeted to the plasma membrane. Its final functional location is as a subunit of a transmembrane protein that interacts with the central subdomain of the membrane. Analysis of this protein would most likely show modification with a myristoylate. palmitoylate. isoprenoid. phosphate.

palmitoylate

What characteristics of eukaryotic mRNA are recognized through specific interactions during the formation of the translation initiation complex? cap Shine-Dalgarno sequence poly(A) tail GTP-binding site

poly(A) tail

Pluripotent state can be defined as a __________ cell. differentiated predifferentiated G1 state of the S state of the

predifferentiated

High concentration of CI protein in the cell __________ expression of the __________. prevents; lytic promoter allows; lytic promoter prevents; trp operon allows; attenuator sequence

prevents; lytic promoter

When IPTG is added to a cell, what is the predicted outcome? Protein synthesis stops. Protein overproduction occurs. The DNA sequence coding for a given protein is altered. An epigenetic state occurs.

protein overproduction occurs

The antibiotics streptomycin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol all interfere with cell membrane formation. protein synthesis. nucleic acid synthesis. cell wall formation.

protein synthesis

In negative autoregulation, proteins activate their own expression. proteins repress their own expression. a regulatory protein controls DNA expression. a regulatory protein turns off DNA expression.

proteins repress their own expression

Prokaryotic mRNA will directly interact with __________ during translation. release factors 23S rRNA Kozak sequence GTP

release factors

The initiation of transcription in eukaryotes occurs in the same manner as prokaryotic transcription. requires the complete unfolding of the gene into single-stranded DNA. requires many more transcription factors than prokaryotic transcription. uses RNA polymerase as well as helicase and primase.

requires many more transcription factors than prolaryotic transcription

Which type of RNA facilitates RNA interference by resulting in degraded mRNA? snoRNA siRNA miRNA rRNA

siRNA

More than 100 different RNA base modifications have been identified, and most of those are found in mRNA. rRNA. snRNA. tRNA.

tRNA

Which of the following is considered the adaptor molecule in protein synthesis? mRNA DNA tRNA rRNA

tRNA

Release factor hydrolyzes GTP during the __________ step of translation. initiation elongation translocation termination

termination

tRNAs interact with the ribosome only after they bind the free mRNA. the small and large subunits have come together. the first peptide bond in the nascent chain is formed. the AUG start codon is positioned in the E site.

the small and large subunits have come together

Which is true of ribozymes? They have conserved primary sequences. They are not true catalysts. They are transcription factors. They have conserved secondary and tertiary structures.

they have conserved secondary and tertiary structures

The control point for most gene regulation occurs at the initiation of transcription. RNA processing. protein synthesis. protein modifications.

transcription

The phrase trans-acting factors is short for __________ factor protein. translation transcription transunion transform

transcription

What are factors in RNA synthesis? DNA promoter regions RNA polymerases transcription factors receptor proteins

transcription factors

What will happen to the lac operon when there are elevated levels of glucose in a cell? CRP binds strongly. Transcription occurs at a very high rate of expression. Transcription occurs at a very low rate of expression. The lac repressor is bound.

transcription occurs at a very slow rate of expression

The group I and group II introns catalyze which class of reaction? transferase cleavage hydrolysis transesterification

transesterification

A knockout mutation in the X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) lncRNA of mice would result in one inactivated X chromosome in female mice. the inhibited transcription and translation of X-linked proteins. two inactive X chromosomes in female mice. two active X chromosomes in female mice.

two active X chromosomes in female mice

What are two medical applications that iPS could be used for? type 1 diabetes and Parkinson's type 2 diabetes and Parkinson's Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Alzheimer's and type 2 diabetes

type 1 diabetes and Parkinson's

Noncanonical base pairings are observed between the third position of the codons and the first position of the anticodons. This concept is known as the nonsense rule. noncanonical hypothesis. wobble hypothesis. 3:1 hypothesis.

wobble hypothesis