BIOCHEMISTRY-CHAPTER 7.3-the RIBOSOME---rRNA S values, pro/eukaryotes.

in eukaryotes, precursor rRNA "45S" is processed into which parts of what subunits?

1. 18S of small subunit 2. 28S and 5.8S of large subunit

What are the names of the ribosome's three binding sites for tRNA?

1. Aminoacyl 2. Peptidyl 3. Exit

in eukaryotes, how are the two ribosomal subunits classified? (What are their rRNA S values?). What is an entire eukaryotic ribosomes' S value?

1. Large- 60S 2. Small- 40S Entire eukaryotic ribosome: 80S

Translation requires 4 things

1. ribosomes 2. mRNA 3. activated tRNA (attached amino acid) 4. GTP provides energy for all three steps

The 30S small subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes has what rRNA strands/

18S

What are the three S values of the types of rRNA found in prokaryotic ribosomes?

23S, 18S, 5S

What are the S values of the large/small subunits of prokaryotic ribosomes? What is the S value for the entire prokaryotic ribosome?

50S large and 30S small Entire prokaryotic ribosome: 70S

5S rRNA is found in the ___ ribosomal subunit of eukaryotic/prokaryotic ribosomes

5S rRNA is found in the LARGE ribosomal subunit of BOTH eukaryotic/prokaryotic ribosomes.

How does the structure of the ribosome imply it's function?

It's structure brings mRNA close to the aminoacyl-tRNA complex, allowing the ribosome to function as a site of mRNA translation into protein.

In Eukaryotes: RNA polymerase I transcribes 28S, 18S, and 5.8S rRNA in the nucleolus into a single unit of precursor rRNA called the "_____"

Precursor ribosomal RNA called the 45S

What are the S values for the prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes?

Prokaryotic: 70S (50S/30S) Eukaryotic: 80S (60S/40S)

which RNA polymerase transcribes the 28S, 18S, and 5.8S rRNA found in eukaryotic ribosomes? Where are these rRNA types transcribed?

RNA polymerase I transcribes 28S, 18S, and 5.8S in the nucleolus.

RNA polymerase _____ transcribes 5S rRNA _______ nucleolus

RNA polymerase III transcribes 5S rRNA OUTSIDE nucleolus

rRNA is classified by an "S" value. What does this S value mean?

The larger the S value, the larger the rRNA strand.

The ribosome is made of _____ and -_____

The ribosome is made of proteins and rRNA

The total S value of a ribosome is/is not additive

The total S value of a ribosome is not additive.

What is a benefit of the size differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes?

These size differences can allow us to selectively target bacteria/prokaryotes with drugs that only attack prokaryotic ribosomes.

What rRNA strands do eukaryotic ribosomes have?

They have four different types: 1. 5s 2. 5.8S 3. 18S 4. 28S

An rRNA's S value is determined by

both shape and size.

Eukaryotic ribosomes contain ____ rRNA strands

eukaryotic ribosomes contain 4 rRNA strands

mRNA exits out ____ _____ into cytoplasm and finds a ______

mRNA exits out nuclear pores into cytoplasm and finds a ribosome.

Prokaryotic ribosomes have a larger/smaller S value than eukaryotic ribosomes

prokaryotic ribosomes have a SMALLER S value than eukaryotic ribosomes.

The 50S large subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes has what rRNA strands?

the 5S and the 23S

The ribosome has one ____ subunit and one -____ subunit--are they always bound?

the ribosome has one large subunit and one small subunit. They only bind during protein syn thesis.

The ribosome has ____ binding sites for tRNA:

three Aminoacyl, Peptidyl, and Exit

Inside the ribosome, mRNA is _____ into a functional protein

translated