BIOL 1130 CH. 5-6 Exam

The nail _____ covers the nail bed. a)lunula b)cuticle c)eponychium d)root e)body

body

The process of depositing calcium salts into a tissue other than bone is called a)remodeling b)ossification c)resorption d)calcification e)osteolysis

calcification

The skin may turn orange as a result of ________ buildup. a)keratin b)melanin c)biliverdin d)bilirubin e)carotene

carotene

_____ is a pigment found in vegetables that can make skin appear orange or yellow. a)sebum b)cerumen c)melanin d)carotene e)cyanosis

carotene

Glands that are located in the passageway of the external ear are called ___________ glands. a)merocrine b)apocrine c)mammary d)ceruminous e)sebaceous

ceruminous

The organic component of the matrix, which makes up around one-third of the mass of bone, is dominated by a)collagen fibers b) calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate c)calcium carbonate d)calcium phoshate e)dendritic fibers

collagen fibers

The blood supply to the skin arises from a network of blood vessels called the _______ plexus in the hypodermis, at its border with the reticular layer of the dermis. a)brachial b)cutaneous c)mesenteric d)cervical e)celiac

cutameous

The skin is also called the ________ membrane. a)serous b)peritoneal c)mucous d)cutaneous e)synovial

cutaneous

Shafts of hair are comprised of a)keratinized adipose cells b)living keratinized dermal cells c)dead keratinized epidermal cells d)dead keratinized dermal cells

dead keratinized epidermal cells

The shaft of a long bone is called the a)epiphysis b)trabecula c)lamella d)canaliculus e)diaphysis

diaphysis

When the body is overheated, the skin responds by a)dilating blood vessels b)decreasing melanin production c)losing oxygen to surrounding tissues d)constricting blood vessels

dilating blood vessels

When the arrector pili muscles contract, a)shivering occurs b)"goose bumps" are formed c)the skin changes color d)hairs are shed

"goose bumps" are formed

Choose the correct order of the cell layers, or strata, in a section of thick skin, from the basement membrane toward the free surface (deep to superficial) 1. stratum lucidum 2. stratum basale 3. stratum corneum 4. stratum granulosum 5. stratum spinsosum a)2, 4, 5, 3, 1 b)3, 5, 4, 1, 2 c)2, 5, 4, 1, 3 d)3, 4, 1, 5, 2 e)2, 1, 4, 5, 3

2, 5, 4, 1, 3

Which of the following occurs in intramembranous ossification? a)Hyaline cartilage model forms. b)Periosteum forms a collar around the cartilage c)Ossification centers are formed as blood vessels and osteoblasts enter the centers of the epiphyses d)As the bone enlarges, osteoclasts break down some of the spongy bone and create a marrow cavity e)Fibrous connective tissue is converted to bone tissue, which first resembles spongy bone.

Fibrous connective tissue is converted to bone tissue, which first resembles spongy bone.

Epidermal cells synthesize this vitamin when exposed to sunlight. a)vitamin A b)vitamin C c)vitamin E d)vitamin D3 e)vitamin D2

Vitamin D3

Red bone marrow functions in the formation of a)osteocytes b)new bone c)blood cells d)osteoblasts

blood cells

Small channels, called ___________ radiate through the matrix of bone. a)lamellae b)canaliculi c)Haversian canals d)lacunae

canaliculi

Osseous tissue is classified as which of the following? a)striated muscle tissue b)neural tissue c)connective tissue d)epithelial tissue

connective tissue

The fold of stratum corneum over the base of a nail is called the a)free edge b)body c)root d)cuticle e)bed

cuticle

The dermis is composed largely of ________ a)neural b)adipose c)fluid connective d)dense irregular connective

dense irregular connective tissue

The hormone calcitonin functions to a)elevate calcium levels in body fluids b)stimulate the absorption of calcium and phosphate ions in the digestive tract c)stimulate osteoclast activity d)depress calcium levels in body fluids e)depress osteoblast activity

depress calcium levels in body fluids

Projections of loose connective tissue from the dermis, which extend upward between the adjacent ridges of the epidermis, are called a) dermal papillae b) epidermal ridges c) reticular layers d) strata

dermal papillae

Epidermal cells are supplied with nutrients from blood vessels located in the a)epidermis b)subcutaneous layer c)dermis d)hypodermis

dermis

Which of the following is the correct order of the layers of the cutaneous membrane? a) dermis hypodermis, dermis b) dermis, epidermis, hypodermis c) epidermis, dermis, hpodermis d) epidermis, hypodermis, dermis

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

The presence of an epiphyseal line indicates a)epiphyseal growth is just beginning b)growth in bone diameter is just beginning c)the bone is fractured at that location d)epiphyseal growth has ended e)the presence of an epiphyseal line does not indicate any particular event

epiphyseal growth has ended

Through which mechanism does perspiration function in cooling the body? a)evaporation b)conduction c)diffusion d)radiation e)convection

evaporation

A burn that destroys only the superficial cells of the epidermis, such as a mild sunburn, is classified as a)fourth-degree b)first-degree c)third-degree d)second-degree

first-degree

Which type of burn appears inflamed and feels tender but has no blisters? a)first-degree b)full-thickness c)third-degree d)second-degree

first-degree

The lipid in oil glands is released through which type of secretion? a)merocrine b)holocrine c)apocrine d)endocrine e)eccrine

holocrine

The loose connective tissue that separates the integument from deeper tissues and organs is called the a)hypodermis or subcutaneous layer b)integument or dermis c)epidermis or dermis d)epidermis or superficial fascia

hypodermis or subcutaneous layer.

The primary function of ___________ is exemplified when bones function as levers. a)storage b)support c)protection d)movement

movement

Which cell populations are particularly sensitive to changes in calcium ion concentration? a)collagen and reticular fibers b)cartilage cells c)elastin and collagen fibers d)neurons and muscle cells e)neurons and connective tissue fribroblasts

neurons and muscle cells

During the process of _______, an existing tissue is replaced with bone. a)calicification b)resorption c)osteolysis d)ossificaton

ossification

Bone forming cells are called a)osteoclasts b)osteoblasts c)osteons d)osteocytes

osteoblasts

Immature, active bone cells that produce new bone matrix are termed a)chondrocytes b)osteocytes c)osteoclasts d)stem cells e)osteoblasts

osteoblasts

Bone cells capable of dissolving the bony matrix are termed a)osteocytes b)osteons c)condrocytes d)osteoclasts e)osteoblasts

osteoclasts

_________ are giant bone cells with 50 or more nuclei a)Osteocytes b)Osteoclasts c)Osteons d)Osteoblasts e)Canaliculi

osteoclasts

Which of the following is found only in compact bone? a)marrow b)canaliculi c)trabeculae d)osteons e)osteoblasts

osteons

Two hormones that work together to elevate calcium levels in the body are _________ and ____________. a)parathyroid hormone; calcitriol b)parathyroid hormone; calcitonin c)vitamin D3; growth hormone d)growth hormone; calcitonin

parathyroid hormone; calcitriol

The connective tissue covering the outer surface of a bone is (the) a)endosteum b)matrix c)osteon d)periosteum

periosteum

Perforating canals a)provide passageways for linking the blood vessels of the central canals with those of the periosteum and the marrow cavity b)occur in growing juvenile bone, but are obliterated in adult bone c)are always associated with osteons in cancellous bone d)are arranged in concentric layers around a central canal e)are arranged parallel to the long axis of the central canal

provide passageways for linking the blood vessels of the central canals with those of the periosteum and the marrow cavity

Which of the following is the function of hair associated with a nerve fiber? a)helps cushion a light blow to the head b)protects the scalp from UV light c)provides protection for the surface of the eye d)helps prevent the entry of foreign particles e)provides an early-warning system that may help prevent injury

provides an early-warning system that may help prevent injury

Functions of the skin include: a)producing adipose tissue b)synthesizing digestive enzymes c)synthesizing antibodies d)regulating body temperature

regulating body temperature

A small amount of ultraviolet radiation is beneficial because it a)stimulates the synthesis of photoreceptor pigments in the eye b)adjusts overall gland secretion rates in the body c)stimulates vitamin D3 synthesis in the epidermis d)constricts blood vessels in the dermis e)increases blood flow in the dermis

stimulates vitamin D3 synthesis in the epidermis

The deepest layer of cells in the epidermis is the cells of the ________. a)stratum granulosum b)stratum corneum c)stratum basale d)stratum lucidum

stratum basale

The layer of the epidermis at the exposed surface is the a)stratum basale b)stratum granulosum c)stratum spinosum d)stratum corneum

stratum corneum

The epidermal layer whose cells have stopped dividing and started to produce large amounts of keratin is the a)stratum corneum b)stratum lucidum c)stratum spinosum d)stratum granulosum

stratum granulosum

As cells are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface, a)they enter the dermis b)they divide c)they die d)they produce daughter cells

they die

The type of burn that injures the hypodermis, deeper tissues, and organs is a(n) a)partial-thickness burn b)first-degree burn c)second-degree burn d)third-degree burn

third-degree burn

Spongy bone is made up of a network of bony rods or plates called a)canaliculi b)osteons c)lamellae d)trabeculae

trabeculae

Melanin serves to protect cells in the deeper layers of the epidermis from a)melanocyte activity b)discoloration c)ultraviolet radiation d)keratin production

ultraviolet radiation

Rickets is a condition marked by a softening and bending of bones that occurs in growing children, as a result of _______ deficiency. a)vitamin C b)vitamin D3 c)thyroid hormone d)vitamin A

vitamin D3

In the skeletal system, compact bone is usually located a)only in a narrow ring around the diaphysis of long bones b)where bones are not heavily stressed c)in direct contact with articular cartilages d)where stresses arrive from many directions e)where stresses come from a limited range of directions

where stresses come from a limited range of directions.

Why are injections administered in the hypodermis when administering drugs using a hypodermic needle? a)There are no vital organs in the region b)both elastic fibers and collagen fibers are present c) there is an abundance of capillaries in the hypodermis d)the presence of blood vessels and the lymphatic vessels help local tissues defend and repair themselves e)the hypodermis is highly innervated

There are no vital organs in the region

The condition that results from clogged sebaceous glands is a)acne b)a freckle c)a carbuncle d)a boil e)a blister

acne

An increase in the diameter of growing bone is termed ________ growth. a)appositional b)intramembranous c)endochondral d)epiphyseal

appositional

The medullary cavity of a long bone is lined with a)endosteum b)osteon c)lacunae d)lamellae e)periosteum

endosteum

The _____ layer of the skin contains bundles of collagen fibers and elastin, and is responsible for the mechanical strength and flexibility of the skin. a)germinative b)papillary c)subcutaneous d)corneal e)reticular

reticular

Which of the following accounts for almost two-thirds of the mass of bone tissue? a)osteons b)cells c)calcium phosphate d)protein fibers

Calcium phosphate

Which of the following is an example of the skeletal system's primary function of providing structural support? a)red marrow fills the internal cavities of many bones b)bones change the magnitude and direction of the forces generated by skeletal muscles c)calcium salts are found in bone d)individual bones provide a framework for the attachment of soft tissues and organs e)the skull encloses the brain

Individual bones provide a framework for the attachment of soft tissues and organs.

The presence of __________ strongly indicates that the long bone is still growing. a)trabeculate b)an epiphyseal line c)an epiphyseal plate d)an epiphysis

an epiphyseal plate

In other mammals, the ______ glands function as scent glands, providing an important form of communication a)sebaceous b)eccrine c)apocrine d)mammary e)merocrine

apocrine

The glands that begin discharging a sticky, cloudy, and potentially odorous secretion at puberty are called ________ glands. a)mucous b)sebaceous c)merocrine d)ceruminous e)apocrine

apocrine

What is the composition of the papillary layer of the dermis? a)dense, irregular connective tissue b)reticular connective tissue c)areolar connective tissue d)stratified squamous epithelium

areolar connective tissue

Perspiration that is produced by apocrine sweat glands a)is more than 99 percent water b)helps to cool the surface of the skin when it evaporates c)contains electrolytes and waste products, such as urea d)contain astringent compounds that contract the skin and its sweat gland pores e)is limited to the hair follicles of the axilla, nipples, and groin

is limited to the hair follicles of the axilla, nipples, and groin

A thickened area of scar tissue that is covered by a shiny, smooth epidermal surface is called a(n) a)keloid b)scab c)abrasion d)callus

keloid

The protein that contributes to many of the skin's protective qualities is called a)dermicidin b)carotene c)keratin d)melanin e)calcitrol

keratin

Narrow sheets of calcified matrix are referred to as a)lamellae b)osteons c)osteoclasts d)canaliculi

lamellae

The pale crescent area of the nail is called the a)nail root b)free edge c)nail bed d)cuticle e)lunula

lunula

Osteocytes a)secrete acids and enzhmes b)are immature bone cells c)are giant cells with 50 or more nuclei d)maintain normal bone structure by recycling the calcium salts in the bony matrix around themselves e)are the cells responsible for the production of new bone

maintain normal bone structure by recycling the calcium salts in the bony matrix around themselves

Regulatory functions of the skeletal system include a)contracting muscles b)mainting the normal concentration of calcium and phosphate ions in body fluids c)cushioning abdominal organs such as the kidneys d)facilitating transmission of nerve impulses e)absorbing the shock of unexpected rapid body movements

maintaining the normal concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions in body fluids

Modified and specialized sweat glands that produce milk are called ________ glands. a)ceruminous b)apocrine c)merocrine d)mammary e)sebaceous

mammary

Which of the following is formed via intramembranous ossification? a)humerus b)mandible c)femur d)tibia e)carpal bones

mandible

In albinism, ________ is lacking. a)keratin b)melanin c)keratinocytes d)carotene e)collagen

melanin