BIOL 1130 CH. 5-6 Exam
The nail _____ covers the nail bed. a)lunula b)cuticle c)eponychium d)root e)body
body
The process of depositing calcium salts into a tissue other than bone is called a)remodeling b)ossification c)resorption d)calcification e)osteolysis
calcification
The skin may turn orange as a result of ________ buildup. a)keratin b)melanin c)biliverdin d)bilirubin e)carotene
carotene
_____ is a pigment found in vegetables that can make skin appear orange or yellow. a)sebum b)cerumen c)melanin d)carotene e)cyanosis
carotene
Glands that are located in the passageway of the external ear are called ___________ glands. a)merocrine b)apocrine c)mammary d)ceruminous e)sebaceous
ceruminous
The organic component of the matrix, which makes up around one-third of the mass of bone, is dominated by a)collagen fibers b) calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate c)calcium carbonate d)calcium phoshate e)dendritic fibers
collagen fibers
The blood supply to the skin arises from a network of blood vessels called the _______ plexus in the hypodermis, at its border with the reticular layer of the dermis. a)brachial b)cutaneous c)mesenteric d)cervical e)celiac
cutameous
The skin is also called the ________ membrane. a)serous b)peritoneal c)mucous d)cutaneous e)synovial
cutaneous
Shafts of hair are comprised of a)keratinized adipose cells b)living keratinized dermal cells c)dead keratinized epidermal cells d)dead keratinized dermal cells
dead keratinized epidermal cells
The shaft of a long bone is called the a)epiphysis b)trabecula c)lamella d)canaliculus e)diaphysis
diaphysis
When the body is overheated, the skin responds by a)dilating blood vessels b)decreasing melanin production c)losing oxygen to surrounding tissues d)constricting blood vessels
dilating blood vessels
When the arrector pili muscles contract, a)shivering occurs b)"goose bumps" are formed c)the skin changes color d)hairs are shed
"goose bumps" are formed
Choose the correct order of the cell layers, or strata, in a section of thick skin, from the basement membrane toward the free surface (deep to superficial) 1. stratum lucidum 2. stratum basale 3. stratum corneum 4. stratum granulosum 5. stratum spinsosum a)2, 4, 5, 3, 1 b)3, 5, 4, 1, 2 c)2, 5, 4, 1, 3 d)3, 4, 1, 5, 2 e)2, 1, 4, 5, 3
2, 5, 4, 1, 3
Which of the following occurs in intramembranous ossification? a)Hyaline cartilage model forms. b)Periosteum forms a collar around the cartilage c)Ossification centers are formed as blood vessels and osteoblasts enter the centers of the epiphyses d)As the bone enlarges, osteoclasts break down some of the spongy bone and create a marrow cavity e)Fibrous connective tissue is converted to bone tissue, which first resembles spongy bone.
Fibrous connective tissue is converted to bone tissue, which first resembles spongy bone.
Epidermal cells synthesize this vitamin when exposed to sunlight. a)vitamin A b)vitamin C c)vitamin E d)vitamin D3 e)vitamin D2
Vitamin D3
Red bone marrow functions in the formation of a)osteocytes b)new bone c)blood cells d)osteoblasts
blood cells
Small channels, called ___________ radiate through the matrix of bone. a)lamellae b)canaliculi c)Haversian canals d)lacunae
canaliculi
Osseous tissue is classified as which of the following? a)striated muscle tissue b)neural tissue c)connective tissue d)epithelial tissue
connective tissue
The fold of stratum corneum over the base of a nail is called the a)free edge b)body c)root d)cuticle e)bed
cuticle
The dermis is composed largely of ________ a)neural b)adipose c)fluid connective d)dense irregular connective
dense irregular connective tissue
The hormone calcitonin functions to a)elevate calcium levels in body fluids b)stimulate the absorption of calcium and phosphate ions in the digestive tract c)stimulate osteoclast activity d)depress calcium levels in body fluids e)depress osteoblast activity
depress calcium levels in body fluids
Projections of loose connective tissue from the dermis, which extend upward between the adjacent ridges of the epidermis, are called a) dermal papillae b) epidermal ridges c) reticular layers d) strata
dermal papillae
Epidermal cells are supplied with nutrients from blood vessels located in the a)epidermis b)subcutaneous layer c)dermis d)hypodermis
dermis
Which of the following is the correct order of the layers of the cutaneous membrane? a) dermis hypodermis, dermis b) dermis, epidermis, hypodermis c) epidermis, dermis, hpodermis d) epidermis, hypodermis, dermis
epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
The presence of an epiphyseal line indicates a)epiphyseal growth is just beginning b)growth in bone diameter is just beginning c)the bone is fractured at that location d)epiphyseal growth has ended e)the presence of an epiphyseal line does not indicate any particular event
epiphyseal growth has ended
Through which mechanism does perspiration function in cooling the body? a)evaporation b)conduction c)diffusion d)radiation e)convection
evaporation
A burn that destroys only the superficial cells of the epidermis, such as a mild sunburn, is classified as a)fourth-degree b)first-degree c)third-degree d)second-degree
first-degree
Which type of burn appears inflamed and feels tender but has no blisters? a)first-degree b)full-thickness c)third-degree d)second-degree
first-degree
The lipid in oil glands is released through which type of secretion? a)merocrine b)holocrine c)apocrine d)endocrine e)eccrine
holocrine
The loose connective tissue that separates the integument from deeper tissues and organs is called the a)hypodermis or subcutaneous layer b)integument or dermis c)epidermis or dermis d)epidermis or superficial fascia
hypodermis or subcutaneous layer.
The primary function of ___________ is exemplified when bones function as levers. a)storage b)support c)protection d)movement
movement
Which cell populations are particularly sensitive to changes in calcium ion concentration? a)collagen and reticular fibers b)cartilage cells c)elastin and collagen fibers d)neurons and muscle cells e)neurons and connective tissue fribroblasts
neurons and muscle cells
During the process of _______, an existing tissue is replaced with bone. a)calicification b)resorption c)osteolysis d)ossificaton
ossification
Bone forming cells are called a)osteoclasts b)osteoblasts c)osteons d)osteocytes
osteoblasts
Immature, active bone cells that produce new bone matrix are termed a)chondrocytes b)osteocytes c)osteoclasts d)stem cells e)osteoblasts
osteoblasts
Bone cells capable of dissolving the bony matrix are termed a)osteocytes b)osteons c)condrocytes d)osteoclasts e)osteoblasts
osteoclasts
_________ are giant bone cells with 50 or more nuclei a)Osteocytes b)Osteoclasts c)Osteons d)Osteoblasts e)Canaliculi
osteoclasts
Which of the following is found only in compact bone? a)marrow b)canaliculi c)trabeculae d)osteons e)osteoblasts
osteons
Two hormones that work together to elevate calcium levels in the body are _________ and ____________. a)parathyroid hormone; calcitriol b)parathyroid hormone; calcitonin c)vitamin D3; growth hormone d)growth hormone; calcitonin
parathyroid hormone; calcitriol
The connective tissue covering the outer surface of a bone is (the) a)endosteum b)matrix c)osteon d)periosteum
periosteum
Perforating canals a)provide passageways for linking the blood vessels of the central canals with those of the periosteum and the marrow cavity b)occur in growing juvenile bone, but are obliterated in adult bone c)are always associated with osteons in cancellous bone d)are arranged in concentric layers around a central canal e)are arranged parallel to the long axis of the central canal
provide passageways for linking the blood vessels of the central canals with those of the periosteum and the marrow cavity
Which of the following is the function of hair associated with a nerve fiber? a)helps cushion a light blow to the head b)protects the scalp from UV light c)provides protection for the surface of the eye d)helps prevent the entry of foreign particles e)provides an early-warning system that may help prevent injury
provides an early-warning system that may help prevent injury
Functions of the skin include: a)producing adipose tissue b)synthesizing digestive enzymes c)synthesizing antibodies d)regulating body temperature
regulating body temperature
A small amount of ultraviolet radiation is beneficial because it a)stimulates the synthesis of photoreceptor pigments in the eye b)adjusts overall gland secretion rates in the body c)stimulates vitamin D3 synthesis in the epidermis d)constricts blood vessels in the dermis e)increases blood flow in the dermis
stimulates vitamin D3 synthesis in the epidermis
The deepest layer of cells in the epidermis is the cells of the ________. a)stratum granulosum b)stratum corneum c)stratum basale d)stratum lucidum
stratum basale
The layer of the epidermis at the exposed surface is the a)stratum basale b)stratum granulosum c)stratum spinosum d)stratum corneum
stratum corneum
The epidermal layer whose cells have stopped dividing and started to produce large amounts of keratin is the a)stratum corneum b)stratum lucidum c)stratum spinosum d)stratum granulosum
stratum granulosum
As cells are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface, a)they enter the dermis b)they divide c)they die d)they produce daughter cells
they die
The type of burn that injures the hypodermis, deeper tissues, and organs is a(n) a)partial-thickness burn b)first-degree burn c)second-degree burn d)third-degree burn
third-degree burn
Spongy bone is made up of a network of bony rods or plates called a)canaliculi b)osteons c)lamellae d)trabeculae
trabeculae
Melanin serves to protect cells in the deeper layers of the epidermis from a)melanocyte activity b)discoloration c)ultraviolet radiation d)keratin production
ultraviolet radiation
Rickets is a condition marked by a softening and bending of bones that occurs in growing children, as a result of _______ deficiency. a)vitamin C b)vitamin D3 c)thyroid hormone d)vitamin A
vitamin D3
In the skeletal system, compact bone is usually located a)only in a narrow ring around the diaphysis of long bones b)where bones are not heavily stressed c)in direct contact with articular cartilages d)where stresses arrive from many directions e)where stresses come from a limited range of directions
where stresses come from a limited range of directions.
Why are injections administered in the hypodermis when administering drugs using a hypodermic needle? a)There are no vital organs in the region b)both elastic fibers and collagen fibers are present c) there is an abundance of capillaries in the hypodermis d)the presence of blood vessels and the lymphatic vessels help local tissues defend and repair themselves e)the hypodermis is highly innervated
There are no vital organs in the region
The condition that results from clogged sebaceous glands is a)acne b)a freckle c)a carbuncle d)a boil e)a blister
acne
An increase in the diameter of growing bone is termed ________ growth. a)appositional b)intramembranous c)endochondral d)epiphyseal
appositional
The medullary cavity of a long bone is lined with a)endosteum b)osteon c)lacunae d)lamellae e)periosteum
endosteum
The _____ layer of the skin contains bundles of collagen fibers and elastin, and is responsible for the mechanical strength and flexibility of the skin. a)germinative b)papillary c)subcutaneous d)corneal e)reticular
reticular
Which of the following accounts for almost two-thirds of the mass of bone tissue? a)osteons b)cells c)calcium phosphate d)protein fibers
Calcium phosphate
Which of the following is an example of the skeletal system's primary function of providing structural support? a)red marrow fills the internal cavities of many bones b)bones change the magnitude and direction of the forces generated by skeletal muscles c)calcium salts are found in bone d)individual bones provide a framework for the attachment of soft tissues and organs e)the skull encloses the brain
Individual bones provide a framework for the attachment of soft tissues and organs.
The presence of __________ strongly indicates that the long bone is still growing. a)trabeculate b)an epiphyseal line c)an epiphyseal plate d)an epiphysis
an epiphyseal plate
In other mammals, the ______ glands function as scent glands, providing an important form of communication a)sebaceous b)eccrine c)apocrine d)mammary e)merocrine
apocrine
The glands that begin discharging a sticky, cloudy, and potentially odorous secretion at puberty are called ________ glands. a)mucous b)sebaceous c)merocrine d)ceruminous e)apocrine
apocrine
What is the composition of the papillary layer of the dermis? a)dense, irregular connective tissue b)reticular connective tissue c)areolar connective tissue d)stratified squamous epithelium
areolar connective tissue
Perspiration that is produced by apocrine sweat glands a)is more than 99 percent water b)helps to cool the surface of the skin when it evaporates c)contains electrolytes and waste products, such as urea d)contain astringent compounds that contract the skin and its sweat gland pores e)is limited to the hair follicles of the axilla, nipples, and groin
is limited to the hair follicles of the axilla, nipples, and groin
A thickened area of scar tissue that is covered by a shiny, smooth epidermal surface is called a(n) a)keloid b)scab c)abrasion d)callus
keloid
The protein that contributes to many of the skin's protective qualities is called a)dermicidin b)carotene c)keratin d)melanin e)calcitrol
keratin
Narrow sheets of calcified matrix are referred to as a)lamellae b)osteons c)osteoclasts d)canaliculi
lamellae
The pale crescent area of the nail is called the a)nail root b)free edge c)nail bed d)cuticle e)lunula
lunula
Osteocytes a)secrete acids and enzhmes b)are immature bone cells c)are giant cells with 50 or more nuclei d)maintain normal bone structure by recycling the calcium salts in the bony matrix around themselves e)are the cells responsible for the production of new bone
maintain normal bone structure by recycling the calcium salts in the bony matrix around themselves
Regulatory functions of the skeletal system include a)contracting muscles b)mainting the normal concentration of calcium and phosphate ions in body fluids c)cushioning abdominal organs such as the kidneys d)facilitating transmission of nerve impulses e)absorbing the shock of unexpected rapid body movements
maintaining the normal concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions in body fluids
Modified and specialized sweat glands that produce milk are called ________ glands. a)ceruminous b)apocrine c)merocrine d)mammary e)sebaceous
mammary
Which of the following is formed via intramembranous ossification? a)humerus b)mandible c)femur d)tibia e)carpal bones
mandible
In albinism, ________ is lacking. a)keratin b)melanin c)keratinocytes d)carotene e)collagen
melanin