BIOL 203 Lecture 12 Recharge

What is the approximate ratio of glial cells to neurons?

10:1

Which types of glial cells are found in the central nervous system?

Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, Microglia, and Ependymal cells

Which process of a neuron is specialized for rapid conduction of nerve signals to structures relatively far away from the neuron cell body?

Axon

Match the following terms with their description.

Axon hillock- A mound located on one side of the soma from which the axon originates Axoplasm- Cytoplasm of the axon Axolemma- Plasma membrane of the axon Axon collateral-Branch that originates from an axon

Sensory (afferent) neurons do which of the following?

Carry signals to spinal cord and brain

Which fundamental physiological property of neurons allows them to send signals quickly over long distances?

Conductivity

Choose the name of the thin layer of fibrous connective tissue found around myelin in nerve fibers of the peripheral nervous system.

Endoneurium

List the fundamental physiological properties of neurons.

Excitability, conductivity, secretion

True or false: Damaged nerve fibers in the CNS regenerate very fast whereas damaged nerve fibers in the PNS never regenerate.

False

The nervous system plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis. List, in order, the basic steps that describe how the nervous system carries out this task.

Information received by sensory receptors is transmitted to the CNS, Information is processed and an appropriate response is determined, and A command is issued to effectors such as muscles or glands

Which term refers to the segment of an axon between the axon hillock and the first glial cell?

Initial segment

Which term refers to the outermost layer of myelin, containing the nucleus and cytoplasm of the Schwann cell?

Neurilemma

Which term refers to the thick outermost coil of a Schwann cell?

Neurilemma

Which factors influence the speed of nerve signal conduction?

Presence of myelin and Diameter of axon

Which type of axonal transport involves movement up the axon toward the soma?

Retrograde

Which type of glial cell aids in regeneration of damaged peripheral nerve fibers by forming a regeneration tube to help reestablish the former connection?

Schwann cells

The release of a neurotransmitter is an example of which physiological property exhibited by a neuron?

Secretion

Which is true about a neuron with a large diameter, myelinated axon as compared to a neuron with a small diameter, unmyelinated axon?

Signal conduction will be faster

Which term applies to the small swellings at the distal end of the axon of a neuron that contain synaptic vesicles?

Synaptic knobs

Movement away from the neuron cell body toward an axon ending is called ______ transport.

anterograde

Two organ systems are dedicated to internal coordination, communication between the other systems, and maintaining the overall homeostasis of the body. They are the _______ system, which communicates by means of hormones, and the ________ system which sends quick electrical and chemical messages from cell to cell.

endocrine; nervous

The plural form of ganglion is ______.

ganglia

The ______ (the cell body of a neuron) gives rise to branch-like processes called ______, which are the primary sites for receiving signals from other neurons.

neurosoma, dendrites