BIOL 230: SA# 10

e. Both A and C Remember that... large increases in CO2 will result in BTB turning Yellow, small increases increases in CO2 will result in BTB turning Green, and no increase in CO2 will result in BTB remaining Blue. All the living things in this experiment - the snail and the plant - will produce CO2 during cellular respiration and release CO2, causing BTB to change to yellow. In addition, plants will take up CO2 from the water during photosynthesis if there is light present (which there is in this experiment). When a snail is present alone in this experiment, it is only giving off CO2, and BTB will turn yellow. When a plant is present in this experiment, it is both giving out and taking up CO2. If there is an equal balance of the plant giving out and taking up CO2, then the BTB will stay blue, even though there is lots of carbon dioxide gas coming and going from the water. When a snail and a plant are present together in this experiment, both are producing CO2, and only the plant is taking CO2, back up for photosynthesis. As such, BTB will likely turn green, reflecting some CO2 going into the water and making it acidic.

After 1 hour, which of the following predictions would you make about the results of Rosa's experiment? a. Tube A will be yellow because the snail is producing CO2 during cellular respiration. b. Tube B will be yellow because the plant is producing CO2 during cellular respiration. c. Tube B will be blue because the plant is producing CO2 during cellular respiration and also taking up CO2 during photosynthesis. d. Both A and B e. Both A and C

D. stored in the pyruvate

During glycolysis, when glucose is transformed to pyruvate, most of the energy of glucose is... A. used up in the splitting of glucose B. transferred to ADP, forming ATP C. transferred directly to ATP D. stored in the pyruvate E. stored in the NADH produced

d. It is involved in the synthesis of ATP during cellular respiration. Always focus on our KEY IDEAS (Gorillas!) about transformations of energy and matter in living things:First, plants are living things, and so plants have to do cellular respiration - all the time, both day and night - to be alive! Plants do cellular respiration in their mitochondria just like other eukaryotes (like YOU because YOU are a EUKARYOTE, too). Just like you, plants use oxygen to transfer the energy in food (sugars) into ATP, which is just a more usable form of energy in cells. Like in this big idea...Key Idea (Gorilla!) #4: All living things - plants, animals, bacteria, fungi - do cellular respiration to transfer energy from food to ATP, and in the process release mass in the form of carbon dioxide

How do plants use the oxygen gas (O2) that is produced during photosynthesis? a. None of it is used by plants. b. It is used to build more sugar/glucose in photosynthesis. c. It is a source of direct energy for plants. d. It is involved in the synthesis of ATP during cellular respiration. e. It is only released for animals to use.

e. 6 Remember that it is really useful to remember the chemical formula for glucose - C6H12O6 - because you can figure out so many things from just that simple formula! Since there is 1 carbon atom in each carbon dioxide molecule (CO2) released, a total of 6 carbon dioxides are released for each glucose molecule (C6H12O6) that goes through the processes of cellular respiration:Get That Cell Energy!Glycolysis, Transition reaction, Citric Acid/Kreb's Cycle, and Electron Transport Chain/Chemiosmosis!In which of these four processes is carbon dioxide released? In Glycolysis? NO, the main thing happening here is that ONE 6-carbon glucose is just being split into TWO 3-carbon pyruvate molecules.In the Transition reaction? YES, 2 carbon dioxide molecules (CO2) are released - onefor each of the two pyruvate molecules that we start with - leaving two 2-carbon Acetyl CoA molecules at the end. This is where glucose starts to be taken apart to transfer energy to small energy carrier molecules (NADH in this phase).In the Citric Acid/Kreb's Cycle? YES, 4 carbon dioxide molecule (CO2) are released - 2 for each of the 2 Acetyl CoA molecules that we start with - leaving no carbon-based molecules at the end. All the energy of glucose has been transferred to the energy carrier molecules. (NADH and FADH2 in this phase)In the Electron Transport Chain/Chemiosmosis)? NO, glucose has already been taken apart and there are no carbon-based molecules left! The main things happening here are 1) the transfer of energy from 12 energy carriers (NADH and FADH2) to lots of ATP, and 2) the leftover hydrogens and electrons being accepted by oxygen gas to form water.

How many carbon dioxide molecules are released from the cellular respiration of 1 glucose molecule? a. 12 b. 3 c. 0 d. 1 e. 6

d. Both A and B Since there is NO LIGHT, plants cannot do photosynthesis and will NOT take up CO2 from the water. So in all the tubes with living creatures, only cellular respiration is happening and BTB will turn yellow. When a snail is present alone in this experiment, it is only giving off CO2, and BTB will turn yellow. When a plant is present in this experiment in the DARK, it is only giving off CO2, and BTB will turn yellow. When a snail and a plant are present together in this experiment, both are producing CO2. As such, BTB will turn yellow.

How would the results of Rosa's experiment be different if it had been done in the DARK? a. Tube A will be yellow because the snail is producing CO2 during cellular respiration. b. Tube B will be yellow because the plant is producing CO2 during cellular respiration. c. Tube C will be green because the plant is producing CO2 during cellular respiration and also taking up CO2 during photosynthesis. d. Both A and B e. Both B and C

e. both A and C Remember that the carbon atom from carbon dioxide in the air will become part of a plant by becoming part of a glucose molecule that is built during photosynthesis.Now, to answer this question, you also need to remember that plants (and you!) use glucose for two main purposes: 1) to transfer energy from glucose to ATP through cellular respiration, which provides energy for all the activities happening in cells (e.g., transcription, translation, moving molecules around, and so much more). We've studied this a bunch and in lots of detail!2) to re-arrange the atoms from glucose (sometimes combined with other atoms, too) through biochemical reactions to make all the different carbon-based molecules in a cell, like proteins, DNA, lipids, and more.So, the carbon atom could be released again as carbon dioxide gas if the glucose molecule it was built into then got taken apart during cellular respiration. However, it is also important to remember that the carbon atom could become part of any carbon-based molecule (e.g., DNA, RNA, protein, lipids, etc) in the plant that is made from re-arranged glucose.

Once a carbon atom from carbon dioxide in the air becomes part of a plant, which of the following paths could that carbon atom take? a. become part of a protein molecule in the plant b. become part of a water molecule c. exit the plant in a molecule of CO2 d. both B and C e. both A and C

d. accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain Remember that oxygen is only DIRECTLY involved in the final phase of cellular respiration (GTCE!), which is the Electron Transport Chain/Chemiosmosis. The 12 HYDROGENS and ELECTRONS from a single glucose (C6H12O6) molecule are how energy is transferred from glucose to the 12 energy carriers (NADH, and FADH2) and then finally to ~32-34 ATPs that can be used to power all the activities of a cell. At the end of the Electron Transport Chain/Chemiosmosis, these HYDROGENS and ELECTRONS are left over and combine with oxygen gas (that you are breathing in all the time!) to make water.

The oxygen gas (O2) in aerobic cellular respiration is directly involved in which process? a. converting each pyruvate molecule to two acetyl CoA molecules b. generating of NADH and FADH2 energy carriers c. splitting glucose into two pyruvate molecules d. accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain e. pumping hydrogen ions out of the mitochondrial matrix

C. PHOTOSYNTHESIS results in weight gain and CELLULAR RESPIRATION also results in weight gain

Which of the following statements is most scientifically accurate? A. PHOTOSYNTHESIS results in weight gain and CELLULAR RESPIRATION results in weight loss B. PHOTOSYNTHESIS results in weight loss and CELLULAR RESPIRATION results in weight gain C. PHOTOSYNTHESIS results in weight gain and CELLULAR RESPIRATION also results in weight gain D. PHOTOSYNTHESIS results in weight loss and CELLULAR RESPIRATION also results in weight loss E. PHOTOSYNTHESIS sometimes results in weight loss and CELLULAR RESPIRATION sometimes results in weight gain.

d. the Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis Remember the four processes of cellular respiration that are happening in mitochondria in eukaryotes like us and plants. The memory tool - Get That Cell Energy! - is a way to remember the four processes of cellular respiration:GlycolysisTransition reactionCitric Acid/Kreb's CycleElectron Transport Chain/Chemiosmosis!In which of these four processes is ATP released? In Glycolysis? YES, a little ATP is made, but only two ATP molecules to be exact. The main thing happening here is that ONE 6-carbon glucose is being split into TWO 3-carbon pyruvate molecules.In the Transition reaction? NO, the main thing happening here is that the two pyruvate molecules that we started with are being taken apart, releasing 2 molecules of carbon dioxide (1 for each pyruvate) and leaving two 2-carbon Acetyl CoA molecules at the end that contain most of the original energy in glucose. This is where glucose starts to be taken apart to transfer energy to small energy carrier molecules (NADH in this phase).In the Citric Acid/Kreb's Cycle? YES, a little ATP is made, two ATP molecules to be exact. But the main thing happening here is that the two Acetyl CoA molecules that we started with are taken apart, releasing 4 molecules of carbon dioxide (2 for each Acetyl CoA) and leaving no carbon-based molecules at the end. All the energy of glucose has been transferred to the energy carrier molecules. (NADH and FADH2 in this phase)In the Electron Transport Chain/Chemiosmosis)? YES, this is where the MOST ATP is produced, about 32-34 ATP. The main things happening here are 1) the transfer of energy from 12 energy carriers (NADH and FADH2) to make lots of ATP, and 2) the leftover hydrogens and electrons being accepted by oxygen gas to form water.

Which of the processes of aerobic cellular respiration produces the most ATP? a. the Light Reactions b. the Calvin Cycle c. the Citric Acid/Krebs Cycle d. the Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis e. Glycolysis