BIOL pre lec/lab (11/7)

The digestive tract in a living person is about _____ feet long.

16

People normally have a total of ______ teeth as an adult.

32

Identify the two structures that comprise the pituitary gland.

Adenohypophysis Neurohypophysis

Where is the adrenal medulla?

At the core of the adrenal gland, superior to the kidney

What are lingual papillae?

Bumps on the surface of the tongue

The adrenal gland is divided into the adrenal _____ and the adrenal _____

Cortex, medulla

Identify the secretions of the adrenal medulla.

Dopamine Epinephrine Norepinephrine

Where are the parathyroid glands located?

Embedded in the thyroid gland

What is a goiter?

Enlargement of the thyroid gland

Which tongue muscles originate outside of the tongue but act upon it?

Extrinsic

Identify the primary causes of endocrine disorders.

Hormone insensitivity Hyposecretion Hypersecretion

Identify areas drained by the hepatic portal system.

Intestines Stomach

Identify the tissues and organs found outside the endocrine system that also secrete hormones.

Kidneys Liver Heart Adipose tissue

What is the median fold that attaches each lip to the gum called?

Labial frenulum

What is the median fold anchoring the underside of the tongue to the mouth floor called?

Lingual frenulum

Which two structures are essential for all chewing, speech, sucking, and blowing?

Lips Cheeks

Identify the tissues and organs found outside the endocrine system that also secrete hormones

Liver Adipose tissue Kidneys Heart

Which of the following are referred to as "gonads"?

Ovary Testis

Name the two muscular arches located at the rear of the mouth.

Palatopharyngeal Palatoglossal

Which components of the endocrine system exert the most wide-ranging influence on the entire endocrine system?

Pituitary, hypothalamus

Describe the location of the pancreas.

Posterior to the stomach

Identify the functions of the oral cavity.

Respiration Taste Ingestion Mastication

Identify the functions of the tongue.

Sensory reception Speech Secretion of mucus

The follicular cells of the thyroid secrete

T3 and T4

Identify the hormones that stimulate the development of lymphatic organs and regulate activity of T lymphoctyes.

Thymosin Thymopoietin Thymulin

Which adrenal cortical hormones stimulate somatic changes at puberty in both sexes?

androgens

The pineal gland is located

attached to the roof of the third ventricle

The anterior two-thirds of the tongue is the __________ of the tongue.

body

The part of the adrenal gland that produces more than 25 steroid hormones, known collectively as the corticosteroids, is the adrenal __________

cortex

Collectively, what are the teeth known as?

dentition

The organ system that processes food, extracts nutrients from it, and eliminates the residue is the_________ system.

digestive

The organ system that processes food, extracts nutrients from it, and eliminates the residue is the ______.

digestive system

A ductless gland that secretes hormones into blood describes a(n) _________ gland.

endocrine

A ductless gland that secretes hormones is called a(n) ______ gland.

endocrine

Hypersecretion and hyposecretion are primary causes of disorders of the ______ system.

endocrine

A structure that is not fully contained within an organ but acts upon it is said to be

extrinsic

True or false: Hypothalamic hormones are described as releasing hormones if they suppress pituitary secretion.

false

True or false: The inner core of the adrenal gland is called the adrenal cortex.

false

The posterior opening of the oral cavity into the throat is known as the

fauces

The anterior opening of the oral cavity is known as the oral

fissure

Enlargement of the thyroid gland develops in several pathological conditions. This enlargement of the thyroid is called a_______

goiter

The ovaries and testes are known as

gonads

In the ovaries, the follicles are lined with ______ cells.

granulosa

The terminal sulcus is best described as the ______

groove that marks the boundary between the body and root of the tongue

The anterior portion of the palate, formed by the maxillary and palatine bones, is the _____ palate.

hard

The palatine rugae are features found on the ______ palate.

hard

The system of blood vessels that connect the lower digestive system to the liver is the ______ system.

hepatic portal

A chemical messenger that is secreted into the blood by an endocrine gland or isolated gland cell and triggers a physiological response in distant cells with receptors for it describes a(n

hormon e

A chemical messenger that is secreted into the blood by an endocrine gland or isolated gland cell and triggers a physiological response in distant target cells is a

hormone

The lingual tonsils are located ____

in the root of the tongue

Place the types of adult teeth in order from midline to the rear of the mouth.

incisor, canine, premolar, molar

The cutting teeth at the anterior of the jaw are called

incisors

Hypothalamic hormones are described as ______ hormones if they suppress pituitary secretion.

inhibiting

In the testes, the cells responsible for testosterone production are the ______ cells.

interstitial

Located between the seminiferous tubules of the testis are clusters of ____________endocrine cells that secrete testosterone.

interstitial

A structure (such as tongue muscle) located fully within an organ is described as being

intrinsic

In the oral cavity, the epithelium lining the gums and hard palate is ______, while the epithelium lining the inside of the cheeks and lips is ______.

keratinized, nonkeratinized

Glands located around and between the tongue muscles are called _____ glands.

lingual

Most taste buds are found associated with the ______________ papillae of the tongue.

lingual

The median fold that attaches each lip to the gum is called the _______frenulum.

lingual

The root of the tongue contains the

lingual tonsils

The inner core of the adrenal glands constituting 10 - 20% of the gland, is the adrenal __________

medulla

The inner core of the adrenal glands constituting 10 - 20% of the gland, is the adrenal _____________

medulla

The tissue deep to the cortex of the adrenal gland is known as the adrenal _________

medulla

The tissue deep to the cortex of the adrenal gland is known as the adrenal ___________

medulla

The mouth is also known as the ______cavity.

oral

What part of the digestive system functions in ingestion, speech, and respiration?

oral cavity

List in order the organs of the digestive tract starting from the oral cavity and ending with the anus.

oral cavity* pharynx*esophagus* stomach* small intestines* large intestines

The anterior opening between the lips is called the

oral fissure

The oral cavity is separated from the nasal cavity by the

palate

The structure that makes it possible to breathe and chew food at the same time is the ______. Multiple choice question.

palate

The more anterior muscular arch at the rear of the mouth is the ________ arch, while the posterior muscular arch is the ________ arch.

palatoglossal, palatopharyngeal

The gland that is attached to the roof of the third ventricle of the brain, beneath the posterior end of the corpus callosum, is the ________ gland.

pineal

The adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis are both part of the __________ gland.

pituitary

The two structures that have a more wide-ranging influence than any other part of the endocrine system are the hypothalamus and the ________ gland.

pituitary

The fauces is best described as the

posterior opening from oral cavity to throat

Hypothalamic tropic hormones are described as __________ hormones if they stimulate pituitary cells to secrete hormones of their own.

releasing

Hypothalamic tropic hormones are described as _______________ hormones if they stimulate pituitary cells to secrete hormones of their own.

releasing

The hypothalamic hormone(s) that stimulate the pituitary to secrete its own hormones is/are

releasing hormones

The hypothalamic hormone(s) that stimulate the pituitary to secrete its own hormones is/are ________

releasing hormones

The posterior third of the tongue known as the _______ of the tongue.

root

What is the posterior third of the tongue known as?

root

The transverse ridges on the roof of the mouth indicated in this figure are the palatine

rugae

The lingual glands secrete

saliva

One commonality between the kidneys, skin, and stomach is the function of:

secreting hormones

The posterior portion of the palate, formed by skeletal muscle and glandular tissue, is the _____ palate.

soft

The posterior portion of the palate, formed by skeletal muscle and glandular tissue, is the _____________ palate.

soft

The mouth is lined with ______ epithelium.

stratified squamous

The adrenal glands are found

superior to the kidneys

On the tongue, the groove that marks the division between the body and root is called the

terminal sulcus

Weak adrenal cortical androgens, which possess little biological activity, are converted to the much more potent androgen called _________

testosterone

The capsule around each follicle in the ovaries is called the

theca

Which endocrine gland secretes several hormones that stimulate lymphatic organs and T cell activity?

thymus

T3 and T4 are produced by the

thyroid follicular cells

Taste sensation, compression of food, and swallowing are all functions of the

tongue

The medial projection off the soft palate at the rear of the mouth is the _

uvula

The medial projection off the soft palate at the rear of the mouth is the ______

uvula

The medial projection off the soft palate at the rear of the mouth is the ______________

uvula

The space between the teeth and the lips is the ________

vestibule