BIOL115 Ch. 4
Arrange the steps involved in carbon fixation in the order of occurrence with the first step at the top.
1.) Solar energy is captured by chlorophyll and other pigments and is converted into energy, in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). 2.) Carbon is then converted from its inorganic form to an organic form, with the addition of water 3.) Glucose is used to make other organic compounds
A general rule of thumb is that most metabolic reactions of marine organisms occur twice as fast with a _____ in temperature of seawater.
10 °C rise
Based on the given image, match the different parts of a prokaryotic cell labeled A to E (in the left column) with their appropriate terms (in the right column).
A: Cell wall B: Photosynthetic membranes C: Plasma membrane D: Ribosomes E: DNA
Identify the nitrogen bases present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (Check all that apply.)
Adenine Cytosine Guanine Thymine
_____ can be performed by single individuals to produce offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.
Asexual reproduction
How do osmoregulators control their internal environment to tolerate salinity changes in the environment?
By adjusting the concentration of solutes in their body fluids so that the overall concentration of their fluids remains relatively constant
How do marine fishes conserve water? (Check all that apply.)
By replacing lost water by drinking seawater By producing only a very small amount of urine
_____ are composed mainly of only the basic elements, namely carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Carbohydrates
Match the types of carbohydrates (in the left column) with their functions (in the right column).
Chitin: A modified carbohydrate that acts as a skeletal material Cellulose: A structural carbohydrate that is the main ingredient of wood and plant fibers
Match the important structures of a cell (in the left column) with their descriptions (in the right column).
Cytoplasm: Gelatinous constituents found within the cell membrane Organelles: Membrane-bound structures that divide the cell into different compartments Cytoskeleton:Internal framework of the cell made of protein fibers that allows the cell to move and change shape
Identify a true statement about the process of carbon fixation.
Energy flows as fixed carbon through food webs and ecosystems.
_____ is the simplest carbohydrate.
Glucose
Identify the "factories" of eukaryotic cells that make, package, and transport many of the organic molecules that a cell needs.
Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum
_____ are organisms that have the ability to regulate their internal temperature despite variations in the external temperature.
Homeotherms
Identify the true statements about asexual reproduction in organisms. (Check all that apply.)
It occurs without the involvement of a partner. The offspring produced are exact clones of the parent.
Which of the following is true about osmoconformers?
Many osmoconformers can only live in a narrow salinity range.
Identify a true statement about the effect of temperature on the metabolism of marine organisms.
Most enzymes cease to function properly at extreme temperatures.
_____ occurs when some members of a population survive and reproduce more successfully in their environment than others.
Natural selection
_____ store and transmit the basic genetic information of life.
Nucleic acids
Match the different types of marine organisms (in the left column) with their descriptions (in the right column).
Planktonic organisms: They drift on water. Benthic organisms: They live on the bottom of the ocean. Nekton organisms: They are strong swimmers.
_____ cells are the structurally simplest and smallest cells.
Prokaryotic
_____ are small structures made of protein and RNA that are attached to the cell membrane and scattered throughout the cytoplasm of a cell.
Ribosomes
Identify a true statement about cell fission in prokaryotes.
The cell copies or replicates its DNA before dividing.
Identify the true statements about the process of natural selection. (Check all that apply.)
The population as a whole becomes more similar to the best-adapted individuals. The favorable characteristics in a particular environment are passed on to the offspring.
Which of the following is true about organic compounds?
They are high-energy molecules.
Identify the true statements about living organisms. (Check all that apply.)
They can sense and react to their external environment. They have a precise chemical and physical organization.
Which of the following is true about homeotherms?
They produce heat as needed by burning up fats and other energy-rich molecules.
Energy is stored as chemical energy by converting a related but lower-energy molecule called _____ into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a high-energy molecule based on adenosine.
adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
Chemical systems in living organisms store and transfer energy using _____, the energy currency of life.
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Proteins are a major group of organic molecules that are composed of chains of smaller subunits called _____.
amino acids
Organic compounds are molecules that contain atoms of _____.
carbon, hydrogen, and usually oxygen
The basic structural unit of life is the _____.
cell
In prokaryotes, the cell divides into two new daughter cells by a simple process called _____.
cell fission
Most organisms inherit genetic information, in the form of _____, from their parents and pass it on to their offspring.
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Most of the excess salts taken in by marine fishes are _____.
excreted through the gills
Some prokaryotes have one or more protein filaments known as _____ that extend outside the cell membrane and rotate like tiny propellers to help the cells move.
flagella
An organism's complete genetic information is called its ______
genome
The natural environment where an organism lives is known as its _____.
habitat
The transfer of genetic information from one generation to the next is called
heredity
Living things use energy to maintain stable internal conditions different from their surroundings, which is known as _____.
homeostasis
Living organisms use energy and have the ability to do work, maintain themselves, and grow. They do this through a vast number of chemical reactions that are collectively called
metabolism
The most common form of eukaryotic cell division is _____, a complex process that takes place in the nucleus.
mitosis
The amino acids in proteins contain _____ as well as the carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen typical of all organic compounds.
nitrogen
Nucleic acid molecules are chains of subunits called ______ which consist of a simple sugar joined to molecules called nitrogen bases.
nucleotides
The _____ of a eukaryotic cell contains its genetic information in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and directs most of the cell's activities.
nucleus
The internal concentrations of _____ changes as the salinity of the water changes; they do not actively maintain salt and water balance.
osmoconformers
Photosynthesis produces _____ as a by-product.
oxygen
Cells contain all the molecules needed for life packaged in a living wrapper called the
plasma/cell membrane
Some carbohydrates are _____, which provide support and protection.
structural molecules
Complex carbohydrates such as starch are often used by organisms _____.
to store energy reserves
True or false: All the oxygen gas found on Earth, in the atmosphere, and in the ocean was produced by photosynthetic organisms.
true
True or false: Organisms produce individuals to perpetuate species and pass on the characteristics of their species to this new generation in the form of genetic information.
true
Identify the true statements about the process of mitosis in eukaryotes. (Check all that apply.)
Each daughter cell gets a copy of every chromosome. Daughter cells are exact duplicates of the original, with the same genetic information.
Match the different osmoregulators (in the left column) with the specific chemicals regulated by them to adapt to the changing salinity conditions in their environment (in the right column).
Sharks: Urea Dunaliella: Glycerol
