BIOL115 Ch. 4

Arrange the steps involved in carbon fixation in the order of occurrence with the first step at the top.

1.) Solar energy is captured by chlorophyll and other pigments and is converted into energy, in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). 2.) Carbon is then converted from its inorganic form to an organic form, with the addition of water 3.) Glucose is used to make other organic compounds

A general rule of thumb is that most metabolic reactions of marine organisms occur twice as fast with a _____ in temperature of seawater.

10 °C rise

Based on the given image, match the different parts of a prokaryotic cell labeled A to E (in the left column) with their appropriate terms (in the right column).

A: Cell wall B: Photosynthetic membranes C: Plasma membrane D: Ribosomes E: DNA

Identify the nitrogen bases present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (Check all that apply.)

Adenine Cytosine Guanine Thymine

_____ can be performed by single individuals to produce offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.

Asexual reproduction

How do osmoregulators control their internal environment to tolerate salinity changes in the environment?

By adjusting the concentration of solutes in their body fluids so that the overall concentration of their fluids remains relatively constant

How do marine fishes conserve water? (Check all that apply.)

By replacing lost water by drinking seawater By producing only a very small amount of urine

_____ are composed mainly of only the basic elements, namely carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Carbohydrates

Match the types of carbohydrates (in the left column) with their functions (in the right column).

Chitin: A modified carbohydrate that acts as a skeletal material Cellulose: A structural carbohydrate that is the main ingredient of wood and plant fibers

Match the important structures of a cell (in the left column) with their descriptions (in the right column).

Cytoplasm: Gelatinous constituents found within the cell membrane Organelles: Membrane-bound structures that divide the cell into different compartments Cytoskeleton:Internal framework of the cell made of protein fibers that allows the cell to move and change shape

Identify a true statement about the process of carbon fixation.

Energy flows as fixed carbon through food webs and ecosystems.

_____ is the simplest carbohydrate.

Glucose

Identify the "factories" of eukaryotic cells that make, package, and transport many of the organic molecules that a cell needs.

Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum

_____ are organisms that have the ability to regulate their internal temperature despite variations in the external temperature.

Homeotherms

Identify the true statements about asexual reproduction in organisms. (Check all that apply.)

It occurs without the involvement of a partner. The offspring produced are exact clones of the parent.

Which of the following is true about osmoconformers?

Many osmoconformers can only live in a narrow salinity range.

Identify a true statement about the effect of temperature on the metabolism of marine organisms.

Most enzymes cease to function properly at extreme temperatures.

_____ occurs when some members of a population survive and reproduce more successfully in their environment than others.

Natural selection

_____ store and transmit the basic genetic information of life.

Nucleic acids

Match the different types of marine organisms (in the left column) with their descriptions (in the right column).

Planktonic organisms: They drift on water. Benthic organisms: They live on the bottom of the ocean. Nekton organisms: They are strong swimmers.

_____ cells are the structurally simplest and smallest cells.

Prokaryotic

_____ are small structures made of protein and RNA that are attached to the cell membrane and scattered throughout the cytoplasm of a cell.

Ribosomes

Identify a true statement about cell fission in prokaryotes.

The cell copies or replicates its DNA before dividing.

Identify the true statements about the process of natural selection. (Check all that apply.)

The population as a whole becomes more similar to the best-adapted individuals. The favorable characteristics in a particular environment are passed on to the offspring.

Which of the following is true about organic compounds?

They are high-energy molecules.

Identify the true statements about living organisms. (Check all that apply.)

They can sense and react to their external environment. They have a precise chemical and physical organization.

Which of the following is true about homeotherms?

They produce heat as needed by burning up fats and other energy-rich molecules.

Energy is stored as chemical energy by converting a related but lower-energy molecule called _____ into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a high-energy molecule based on adenosine.

adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

Chemical systems in living organisms store and transfer energy using _____, the energy currency of life.

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Proteins are a major group of organic molecules that are composed of chains of smaller subunits called _____.

amino acids

Organic compounds are molecules that contain atoms of _____.

carbon, hydrogen, and usually oxygen

The basic structural unit of life is the _____.

cell

In prokaryotes, the cell divides into two new daughter cells by a simple process called _____.

cell fission

Most organisms inherit genetic information, in the form of _____, from their parents and pass it on to their offspring.

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Most of the excess salts taken in by marine fishes are _____.

excreted through the gills

Some prokaryotes have one or more protein filaments known as _____ that extend outside the cell membrane and rotate like tiny propellers to help the cells move.

flagella

An organism's complete genetic information is called its ______

genome

The natural environment where an organism lives is known as its _____.

habitat

The transfer of genetic information from one generation to the next is called

heredity

Living things use energy to maintain stable internal conditions different from their surroundings, which is known as _____.

homeostasis

Living organisms use energy and have the ability to do work, maintain themselves, and grow. They do this through a vast number of chemical reactions that are collectively called

metabolism

The most common form of eukaryotic cell division is _____, a complex process that takes place in the nucleus.

mitosis

The amino acids in proteins contain _____ as well as the carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen typical of all organic compounds.

nitrogen

Nucleic acid molecules are chains of subunits called ______ which consist of a simple sugar joined to molecules called nitrogen bases.

nucleotides

The _____ of a eukaryotic cell contains its genetic information in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and directs most of the cell's activities.

nucleus

The internal concentrations of _____ changes as the salinity of the water changes; they do not actively maintain salt and water balance.

osmoconformers

Photosynthesis produces _____ as a by-product.

oxygen

Cells contain all the molecules needed for life packaged in a living wrapper called the

plasma/cell membrane

Some carbohydrates are _____, which provide support and protection.

structural molecules

Complex carbohydrates such as starch are often used by organisms _____.

to store energy reserves

True or false: All the oxygen gas found on Earth, in the atmosphere, and in the ocean was produced by photosynthetic organisms.

true

True or false: Organisms produce individuals to perpetuate species and pass on the characteristics of their species to this new generation in the form of genetic information.

true

Identify the true statements about the process of mitosis in eukaryotes. (Check all that apply.)

Each daughter cell gets a copy of every chromosome. Daughter cells are exact duplicates of the original, with the same genetic information.

Match the different osmoregulators (in the left column) with the specific chemicals regulated by them to adapt to the changing salinity conditions in their environment (in the right column).

Sharks: Urea Dunaliella: Glycerol