BIOL1209

Look for cell walls under a microscope.

A graduate student finds an organism in a pond and thinks it is a freshwater sponge. A postdoctoral student thinks it looks more like an aquatic fungus. How can they decide whether it is an animal or a fungus? See Concept 32.1 (Page 672)

dendrites, a cell body, and axons

A neuron consists of _____.

activation of prothrombin to thrombin

A normal event in the process of blood clotting is the _____.

shape of the teeth

A zoologist analyzes the jawbones of an extinct mammal and concludes that it was an herbivore. The zoologist most likely came to this conclusion based upon the ________.

allows for specialized regions with specialized functions

An advantage of a tube-like digestive system over a simple sac-like digestive system is that the tube-like digestive system _____.

water loss through evaporation across the respiratory surface can be minimized

An advantage of gas exchange in fresh water, compared with gas exchange in air, is that _____.

diploblastic/triploblastic

Animals with radial symmetry are ____________________, and animals with bilateral symmetry are ____________________.

negative feedback

As body temperature rises, the human body produces sweat as a means of cooling. This is an example of

large intestine

Bacteria that produce vitamins are found in the greatest concentration in the ________

leukocytes

Blood cells that function to fight infection are called ________.

its cells are separated from each other by an extracellular matrix

Blood is best classified as connective tissue because _____.

The total cross-sectional diameter of the arterial circulation increases with progression from artery to arteriole to capillary, leading to a reduced blood pressure.

Blood is pumped at high pressures in arteries from the heart to ensure that all parts of the body receive adequate blood flow. Capillary beds, however, would hemorrhage under direct arterial pressures. How does the design of the circulatory network contribute to reducing blood pressure to avoid this scenario?

pulmonary veins

Blood returns to the heart via the _____.

ingesting materials

Both animals and fungi are heterotrophic. What distinguishes animal heterotrophy from fungal heterotrophy is that most animals derive their nutrition by ________.

acidic- If not carried by hemoglobin, hydrogen ions would reduce the pH, or increase the acidity, of the blood.

By picking up hydrogen ions, hemoglobin prevents the blood from becoming too _____.

adipose

Cells that store lipids (fats) for long-term energy are found in ________ tissue.

the slow rate at which diffusion occurs over large distances Submit

Circulatory systems compensate for _____.

relatively few cells and a large amount of extracellular matrix

Connective tissues typically have _____.

add a water molecule to break bonds

Fat digestion yields fatty acids and glycerol, whereas protein digestion yields amino acids. Both digestive processes __________.

smooth muscle

Food moves along the digestive tract as the result of contractions by _____.

Small intestine

Free fatty acid absorption occurs where?

inferior vena cava

From the capillaries of the abdominal organs and hind limbs, blood flows to the _____.

left atrium

From the pulmonary veins, blood flows to the _____.

right atrium

From the superior vena cava, blood flows to the _____.

maintenance of a relatively constant and optimal internal environment

Homeostasis is the _____.

a change in a variable will amplify rather than reverse the change

In a physiological system operating with positive feedback, _____.

The variable the sensor is sensing

In negative feedback what does the effector effect?

combined with hemoglobin

In the blood most of the oxygen that will be used in cellular respiration is carried from the lungs to the body tissues _____.

Bulk flow, diffusion, bulk flow, diffusion

In tracking an oxygen molecule on its inward journey to the cells of the body, which of the following is a correct ordering of the processes?

frogs

In which of the following organisms does blood flow from the respiratory system to the heart before circulating through the rest of the body?

have more surface area for chemical digestion than do larger pieces of food

Mechanical digestion, the process of breaking down large chunks of food into smaller pieces, is important because smaller pieces of food ________.

as bicarbonate ions (HCO3 -)

Most carbon dioxide is carried from the body tissues to the lungs _____.

small intestine.

Most chemical digestion in mammals (like humans) occurs in the

small intestine

Most of the absorption of nutrients occurs in

epithelial tissue

Most of the exchange surfaces of multicellular animals are lined with _____.

ensures that conditions in an organism do not vary too much above or below their set points

Negative feedback is a method of homeostatic control that _____.

to sense stimuli

Nervous tissue functions _____.

polysaccharide

Starch is a type of _____.

Homeostasis

The body's automatic tendency to maintain a constant and optimal internal environment is termed as ________.

tissues

The distinction between sponges and other animal phyla is based mainly on the absence versus the presence of

fish

The evolution of the vertebrate lung began with

nervous, epithelial, connective, and muscle

The four major categories of tissues are _____.

flagellated protist

The last common ancestor of all animals was probably a _____.

true tissues or no tissues

The most ancient branch point in animal phylogeny is the characteristic of having _____.

bronchiole

The smallest airway through which inspired air passes before gas exchange occurs in the mammalian lungs is the _____.

the oxygen content will decrease Submit

The sun shining on a tidal pool during a hot day heats the water, causing some water to evaporate. Because the water has become warmer and saltier, ________.

the total cross-sectional area of the capillaries is greater than the total cross-sectional area of the arteries or any other part of the circulatory system

The velocity of blood flow is the lowest in capillaries because _____.

false

True or False? The liver is a component of the alimentary canal.

false

True or false? One advantage of having a tube-like digestive tract is that digestion of all compounds can take place simultaneously down the tract.

water

What is the main component of gastric juice?

deal effectively with food distributed homogeneously in 360°

What should animals with radial symmetry be better able to do than those with bilateral symmetry?

both glycerol and fatty acids

When digested, fats are broken down into _____.

amino acids

When digested, proteins are broken down into _____.

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus

Which structures are part of the alimentary canal?

Bile ... liver ... fats ... small intestine

_____ is produced by the _____ and acts to emulsify _____ in the _____.

Plasma contains wastes, nutrients, hormones, and proteins.

what is true regarding the components of blood?